住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations啟發(fā)；闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制品

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格前that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是novel，這里mirror做動(dòng)詞表反映，意思為反映世界的小說(shuō)；空格后of短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，表示所代表事實(shí)的……；根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是反映世界的小說(shuō)是所代表事實(shí)的反映。這兩處應(yīng)該相對(duì)應(yīng)。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)reflections“反射”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“反映”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)demonstration表示清楚細(xì)致地展示；

C選項(xiàng)illumination指某物能夠被理解；

D選項(xiàng)reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。

【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說(shuō)的確反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

2.單選題

Heknowsmuchaboutstylistics,（

）aboutliterature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stillless

B.rathermore

C.letalone

D.ofcourse

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。stillless“更何況”；rathermore“更加”；letalone“更不用說(shuō)”；ofcourse“當(dāng)然”。句意：他對(duì)文體學(xué)很了解，更不用說(shuō)文學(xué)了。stillless常用于否定句，不合題意。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認(rèn)為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見(jiàn)跡象，而且也有助于感覺(jué)本身。

4.單選題

Inthecollectedbodyofwritingwecallliterature,theremaybedistinguishedtwoseparategroupingscapableofblending,butalsofittedforreciprocalrepulsion.Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.Thefunctionofthefirstistoteach;thefunctionofthesecondistomove.Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding;thesecondspeaksultimatelytothehigherunderstandingorreason,butalwaysthroughtheaffectionsofpleasureandsympathy.Wheneverwetalkinordinarylanguageofseekinginformationorgainingknowledge,weunderstandtheworksasconnectedwithabsolutenovelty.Butitisthegrandeurofalltruthwhichcanoccupyaveryhighplaceinhumaninterests,althoughitmaynotbeabsolutelynoveleventothemeanestofminds.

Whatdowelearnfrom“ParadiseLost”?Nothingatall.Whatdowelearnfromacookbook?Somethingnew,somethingwedidnotknowbefore,ineveryparagraph.Butwouldwethereforeputthewretchedcookbookonahigherlevelofestimationthanthedivinepoem?WhatweowetoMiltonisnotanyknowledge,ofwhichamillionseparateitemsarestillbutamillionadvancingstepsonthesameearthlylevel.Whatweoweispower,thatis,exerciseandexpansionofyourownlatentcapacityofsympathywiththeinfinite,whereeverypulseandeachseparateinfluxisastepupwards—astepascendingasuponJacob’sladderfromearthtomysteriousaltitudesabovetheearth.Allthestepsofknowledge,fromfirsttolast,carryusfartheronthesameplane,butcouldneverraiseusonefootaboveyourancientlevelonearth,whereas,theveryfirststepofpowerisflight—anascendingintoanotherelementwhereearthisforgotten.

1.Thepassageiswrittento（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theliteratureofknowledgeare（

）.

3.Thesentence“Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding”means（

）.

4.Thetrueimplicationconcerningthecomparisonbetween“ParadiseLost”andacookbookis（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentiatebetweentheattainmentoffactualknowledgeandthearrivalatphilosophicalunderstanding

B.disparageintellectualactivitiesandtheattainmentoflearning

C.encouragemysticismasadesirablephilosophicalgoal

D.inspirewriterstoproducemorepracticalbooks

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.teacher’sbooks

B.booksfromwhichweseekinformationorgainknowledge

C.informativeliteraryworks

D.booksabouttherudder

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstclassificationofliteratureisonlyforreaderwithdiscursiveunderstanding.

B.Booksteachingknowledgearenotsologicallyproducedasphilosophicalreaders.

C.Theliteratureofknowledgeareunderstoodasrandomworks.

D.Toreadabookinthefirstclassificationofliteratureinvolvesonlyalower,discursiveunderstandingonthepartofthereader.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“ParadiseLost”ismoreinformativethanacookbook

B.bothbooksareequallyevaluated

C.wretchedasitis,acookbookismorevaluablethan“ParadiseLost”，fromwhichwelearnnothingatall

D.“ParadiseLost”isgreaterthanacookbook

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wehavegainedmostofourknowledgefromthereadingofpoliticaltreatises.

B.Thefirststeponthemoonwasmankind’smostimportantmoment.

C.Recipeforbreadisworthathousandpoems.

D.Greatliteraturemustaddressitselftofundamentalphilosophicaltruthsratherthantomaterialprogress.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.意圖題。由第一段“Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.第一種是知識(shí)文學(xué)，第二種是力量文學(xué)。”以及后文對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，可知本文主要是闡述了知識(shí)文學(xué)與力量文學(xué)的差異。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.Thefunctionofthefirstistoteach;thefunctionofthesecondistomove.首先是知識(shí)的文學(xué)，其次是力量的文學(xué)。第一種文學(xué)的功能是教化;第二種文學(xué)的功能是動(dòng)之以情?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“知識(shí)文學(xué)是我們可以從中獲取信息和知識(shí)的書(shū)籍?！闭_。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都是屬于知識(shí)文學(xué)中的一種，不能將知識(shí)文學(xué)歸為其中的某一類。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding;thesecondspeaksultimatelytothehigherunderstandingorreason,butalwaysthroughtheaffectionsofpleasureandsympathy.第一種文學(xué)只是純粹的散亂無(wú)章的理解；第二種文學(xué)最終指向更高層次的理解或理性，但總是通過(guò)愉悅和同情的情感。”可知知識(shí)文學(xué)在邏輯理解方面不如力量文學(xué)嚴(yán)密。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Butwouldwethereforeputthewretchedcookbookonahigherlevelofestimationthanthedivinepoem?WhatweowetoMiltonisnotanyknowledge,ofwhichamillionseparateitemsarestillbutamillionadvancingstepsonthesameearthlylevel.但是，我們會(huì)因此把這本拙劣的烹飪書(shū)置于比神圣的詩(shī)歌更高的評(píng)價(jià)水平嗎?我們從彌爾頓那里得到的并不是什么知識(shí)，即使有一百萬(wàn)個(gè)不同的東西，也不過(guò)是在同一個(gè)地球上前進(jìn)了一百萬(wàn)步而已?！笨芍髡邔⑦@兩個(gè)作品進(jìn)行對(duì)比，肯定了ParadiseLost的價(jià)值，給予了其更高的評(píng)價(jià)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文將知識(shí)文學(xué)和力量文學(xué)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，并表達(dá)了對(duì)力量文學(xué)的肯定。由最后一段“Allthestepsofknowledge,fromfirsttolast,carryusfartheronthesameplane,butcouldneverraiseusonefootaboveyourancientlevelonearth,whereas,theveryfirststepofpowerisflight—anascendingintoanotherelementwhereearthisforgotten.知識(shí)的每一步，從頭到腳，都只是帶我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)層面上走得更遠(yuǎn)，卻永遠(yuǎn)不能使我們凌駕于塵世毫厘之上。然而，力量文學(xué)的第一步是飛行——一種超越凡塵的飛躍。”可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了力量文學(xué)的價(jià)值，即能超凡脫俗，帶人們?cè)诟叩膶用嫔先〉眠M(jìn)步。故D項(xiàng)“偉大的文學(xué)作品必須致力于基本的哲學(xué)真理，而不是物質(zhì)進(jìn)步?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“我們的大部分知識(shí)都是從閱讀政治論文中獲得的?！盉項(xiàng)“登上月球的第一步是人類最重要的時(shí)刻?！盋項(xiàng)“面包的配方勝過(guò)千首詩(shī)?！痹谖闹卸颊也坏揭罁?jù)。

5.單選題

（

）,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ashelikeshermuch

B.Muchalthoughhelikesher

C.Thoughmuchhelikesher

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不倒裝；而as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句需要倒裝。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：盡管他喜歡她，可有時(shí)候他確實(shí)會(huì)對(duì)她發(fā)火。故D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecidedto___theirnewproduct.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.launch

B.invent

C.convey

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.launch發(fā)射（導(dǎo)彈、火箭等）；推出(新產(chǎn)品)B.invent發(fā)明

C.convey傳達(dá)；運(yùn)輸D.conflict沖突；抵觸

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)marketdemand和newproduct兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)的邏輯可知：因?yàn)橛辛耸袌?chǎng)需求，所以推出新產(chǎn)品。A選項(xiàng)launch“推出”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】這家公司研究了市場(chǎng)需求，決定推出新產(chǎn)品。

7.單選題

Afterthedispute,theatmosphereinthemeetingroomwasgettingmoreandmore___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.frustrated

C.tense

D.light

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.critical至關(guān)重要的B.frustrated懊惱的；沮喪的

C.tense緊張的D.light輕的；明亮的；輕松的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)dispute“辯論、爭(zhēng)吵”和會(huì)議室的氣氛的邏輯可知：空白處的形容詞應(yīng)該滿足爭(zhēng)吵后會(huì)議室緊張氣氛的邏輯。C選項(xiàng)tense“緊張的”滿足此句所需的邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。并且D選項(xiàng)light的比較級(jí)是lighter不用moreandmore。

【句意】爭(zhēng)論過(guò)后，會(huì)議室的氣氛變得越來(lái)越緊張。

8.單選題

Mr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullback

B.pullup

C.pullthrough

D.pullout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullback“拉回，撤回。拉為平手”；pullup“拔起，停下來(lái)”；pullthrough“渡過(guò)難關(guān)，恢復(fù)健康”；pullout“離開(kāi)，撤離”。句意：布郎先生的情況看起來(lái)不太好，他是否能渡過(guò)難關(guān)還不得而知。故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。relegate“降級(jí)”；banish“放逐，驅(qū)逐”；deport“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令強(qiáng)迫離開(kāi)某國(guó)或某地”。句意：這些非法移民被抓了，并且被當(dāng)?shù)卣?qū)逐出境。此句指的是驅(qū)逐出境，故C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牽涉D.weaver織布工；編織工

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐漸混合于（某一更大的群體）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)，是一個(gè)大群體。B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的家人試圖融入白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)。

11.單選題

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：又有人在敲門(mén)，那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Everypossiblemeans（

）tried,butthereisnoresult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.willbe

D.were

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。主語(yǔ)為“everypossiblemeans”為單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而且means與try之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：所有可行的辦法都嘗試了，但仍然沒(méi)有用。

13.單選題

（

）isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意：眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。故C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Heiswellacquaintedwithmanyofthe（

）JesusChristtoldtohisfollowers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecdotes

B.parables

C.legends

D.myths

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。anecdotes“奇聞?shì)W事”；parables“比喻，尤指《圣經(jīng)》里的寓言故事”；legends“傳說(shuō)，傳奇”；myths“神話”。句意：他對(duì)許多耶穌告訴其追隨者的故事很熟悉。故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏遠(yuǎn)美國(guó)公眾的行為清單中沒(méi)有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃

C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團(tuán)體的迫害

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“對(duì)猶太人的迫害（thepersecutionofJews）”“納粹的暴虐（barbarismoftheNazis）”以及“德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃（theplansofGermany…forworldconquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A沒(méi)有。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)國(guó)會(huì)大廈的焚毀，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。

A.helptheBritishA.幫助英國(guó)

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防

C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》

D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港報(bào)仇

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒數(shù)第二段1941處，該處講到“這項(xiàng)法案的目的是為了保衛(wèi)美國(guó)（forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates）”。換言之，就是加強(qiáng)美國(guó)的國(guó)防。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國(guó)”，這個(gè)法案頒布后確實(shí)給英國(guó)提供了幫助，但是這不是美國(guó)的根本目的。A選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)《大西洋憲章》”，文中沒(méi)有提到，C選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“珍珠港報(bào)仇”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者的關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美國(guó)在1935-1936年間的政策可以被描述為_(kāi)___。

A.watchfulA.注意的；警惕的

B.isolationistB.孤立主義的

C.peacefulC.和平的，愛(ài)好和平的

D.indifferentD.冷淡的，不關(guān)心的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞1935-1936與題干信息詞Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句，該處講到“1935-1936的中立法案（TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936）”。還講到“美國(guó)人民普遍支持孤立政策（theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality）”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“注意的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“和平的”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“冷淡的”，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出售武器

B.antagonizedJapanB.對(duì)抗日本

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句，該處講到“廢棄了武器禁運(yùn)，允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家‘現(xiàn)購(gòu)自運(yùn)’出口武器”。換言之，允許對(duì)交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出口武器。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)抗日本”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“允許英國(guó)只與協(xié)約國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了《租借法案》的出臺(tái)”，文中沒(méi)有提及兩者關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我們參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)____。

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因?yàn)榈聡?guó)宣戰(zhàn)了

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet

C.在德國(guó)簽署了納粹—蘇聯(lián)條約之后

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失敗之后

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段，該處講到“GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.”。因?yàn)榍拔囊恢敝v到美國(guó)處于中立狀態(tài)，所以德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)才參加了對(duì)德戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在德國(guó)簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”，文中沒(méi)有提過(guò)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“在和平努力失敗之后”，文中美國(guó)一直處于中立狀態(tài)，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行和平努力，屬于無(wú)中生有。

16.翻譯題

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亞的氣候因地區(qū)而異，北部為熱帶氣候，內(nèi)陸大部分地區(qū)為干旱或半干旱氣候，南部為溫和氣候。盡管有這些變化，但周?chē)Ｑ蟮木徍陀绊懞蜎](méi)有廣泛的高山山脈有助于防止明顯的極端天氣。然而，一些地區(qū)偶爾會(huì)經(jīng)歷極端天氣條件，如熱帶氣旋、龍卷風(fēng)和嚴(yán)重干旱。

因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喸谀习肭颍募竟?jié)與北半球相反?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，季節(jié)變化很小。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，沿海和高原地區(qū)，尤其是東南部，比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)涼爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最熱的地區(qū)。澳大利亞南部的溫帶地區(qū)四季分明，冬冷夏暖。

17.單選題

Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.

SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.

Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保護(hù)費(fèi)的黑社會(huì)組織).

Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”

Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.

ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”

Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”

HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(禮節(jié))couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.

1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt（

）togiveRaoulaholidaytip.

4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit

B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback

C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip

D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin

D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.excited

B.delighted

C.embarrassed

D.forced

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake

B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul

C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver

D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我在過(guò)去的圣誕節(jié)沒(méi)有給Raoul小費(fèi)，這是他第一次使用這樣的策略（Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic），由此可知Raoul是想用這種方法要消費(fèi)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我意識(shí)到凌晨4點(diǎn)起床時(shí)發(fā)出的噪音也許不是普通的無(wú)禮，而是精心制造的惡意（Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite），由此可推測(cè)出作者起初不知道Raoul扔報(bào)紙發(fā)出那么大聲音的原因，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到作者真的沒(méi)有意識(shí)到應(yīng)該要這么做（即給小費(fèi)）（Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto）。由此可知給小費(fèi)并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。excited“興奮的”；delighted“高興的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；forced“被迫的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他嘗試取的支票被取消了（TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled），由此可知他沒(méi)能從銀行取錢(qián)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他取出另外的20元，環(huán)顧四周，搖著錢(qián)說(shuō)“還有人要嗎”（Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”），由此可知他極度想要改正自己的錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Althoughthesestatesandtheirpeopleare___,theysharethecommongoalofeconomicdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controversial

B.involved

C.diverse

D.visible

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.controversial有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的B.involved有關(guān)的；卷入的；復(fù)雜的

C.diverse不同的；多樣化的D.visible明顯的；看得見(jiàn)的；現(xiàn)有的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“共同目標(biāo)（commongoal）”可知：這些地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)相同?？崭裉幍膹木溆胊lthough連接，表示盡管。這句話的意思為盡管這些地區(qū)和人……所以空格處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)與后面“相同”的反義詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)diverse“不同的；多樣化的”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“不同的”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】盡管這些國(guó)家及其人民各不相同，但他們都有共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

19.單選題

Manypeoplewhoformerlybackedhimnowhave___abouthisabilitytodothejob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentations

B.issues

C.reservations

D.likelihoods

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.presentations演講B.issues問(wèn)題

C.reservations保留意見(jiàn)；疑惑D.likelihoods可能性

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】當(dāng)back做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示支持的意思?？崭袂皐ho引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾manypeople，表示許多以前支持他的人?？崭窈蟊硎緦?duì)他做這項(xiàng)工作的能力。此處用了formerly“以前地”，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該與現(xiàn)在做對(duì)比。根據(jù)兩者間邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對(duì)他做這項(xiàng)工作的能力產(chǎn)生了懷疑。C選項(xiàng)reservations保留意見(jiàn)；疑惑，表示對(duì)他的工作能力有所保留，可引申為此句所需的邏輯“產(chǎn)生懷疑”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)presentations“演講”，不符合邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)issues“問(wèn)題”，指議題，通常比較正式，與政治方面有些關(guān)系，很官方；

D選項(xiàng)likelihoods“可能性”，不符合邏輯。

【句意】許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對(duì)他的工作能力持保留態(tài)度。

20.單選題

Anairplane（

）inthemountain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crashed

B.smashed

C.clashed

D.crushed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。crash“損毀，墜毀”；smash“粉碎，使破產(chǎn)”；clash“發(fā)出撞擊聲，碰撞”；crush“壓壞，損壞”。句意：飛機(jī)在山區(qū)墜毀了。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Theescapedprisonerjumpedontotheboatandthen（

）itawayfromtheseashorewithapole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pushed

B.shoved

C.urged

D.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。push“推動(dòng)，增加”；shove“擠，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“壓，按，逼迫”。pushaway=shove。句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用桿子將船退離岸邊。只有A項(xiàng)能與away搭配，且符合句意。故A項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thepersonwho（

）thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.manufactured

C.generated

D.estimated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。originate“引起，創(chuàng)作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使發(fā)生”；estimate“估計(jì)，判斷”。句意：發(fā)起這項(xiàng)研究的人值得贊揚(yáng)。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來(lái)了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedupintotheleafycanopyand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegshang

B.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegswerehanging

C.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

D.seenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由and表并列關(guān)系可知，and后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前面的保持一致，see的過(guò)去分詞為seen。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：公園的游客經(jīng)常抬頭看著綠樹(shù)成蔭的樹(shù)冠，看到猴子睡在樹(shù)枝上，手臂和腿都懸掛著。

25.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問(wèn)題2選