過程設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)（第二版）1.思考題1.壓力容器主要由哪幾部分組成?分別起什么作用?答：壓力容器由筒體、封頭、密封裝置、開孔接管、支座、安全附件六大部件組成。筒體的作用：用以儲存物料或完成化學(xué)反應(yīng)所需要的主要壓力空間。封頭的作用：與筒體直接焊在一起，起到構(gòu)成完整容器壓力空間的作用。密封裝置的作用：保證承壓容器不泄漏。開孔接管的作用：滿足工藝要求和檢修需要。支座的作用：支承并把壓力容器固定在基礎(chǔ)上。安全附件的作用：保證壓力容器的使用安全和測量、控制工作介質(zhì)的參數(shù)，保證壓力容器的使用安全和工藝過程的正常進(jìn)行。2.介質(zhì)的毒性程度和易燃特性對壓力容器的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、使用和管理有何影響？答：介質(zhì)毒性程度越高，壓力容器爆炸或泄漏所造成的危害愈嚴(yán)重，對材料選用、制造、檢驗(yàn)和管理的要求愈高。如Q235-A或Q235-B鋼板不得用于制造毒性程度為極度或高度危害介質(zhì)的壓力容器；盛裝毒性程度為極度或高度危害介質(zhì)的容器制造時(shí)，碳素鋼和低合金鋼板應(yīng)力逐張進(jìn)行超聲檢測，整體必須進(jìn)行焊后熱處理，容器上的、B類焊接接頭還應(yīng)進(jìn)行100%射線或超聲檢測，且液壓試驗(yàn)合格后還得進(jìn)行氣密性試驗(yàn)。而制造毒性程度為中度或輕度的容器，其要求要低得多。毒性程度對法蘭的選用影響也甚大，主要體現(xiàn)在法蘭的公稱壓力等級上，如內(nèi)部介質(zhì)為中度毒性危害，選用的管法蘭的公稱壓力應(yīng)不小于1.0MPa1.6MPa，且還應(yīng)盡量選用帶頸對焊法蘭等。易燃介質(zhì)對壓力容器的選材、設(shè)計(jì)、制造和管理等提出了較高的要求。如Q235-AF不得用于易燃介質(zhì)容器；Q235-A應(yīng)采用全焊透結(jié)構(gòu)等。3.《壓力容器安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》在確定壓力容器類別時(shí)，為什么不僅要根據(jù)壓力高低，還要視壓力與容積的乘積pV大小進(jìn)行分類？答：因?yàn)閜V乘積值越大，則容器破裂時(shí)爆炸能量愈大，危害性也愈大，對容器的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn)、使用和管理的要求愈高。4.《壓力容器安全技術(shù)監(jiān)察規(guī)程》與GB150的適用范圍是否相同？為什么？答：不相同。0.1MPa12直徑（非圓形截面指其最大尺寸）≥0.15m，且容積≥0.025m；○盛裝介質(zhì)為氣體、液化氣體或最高3工作溫度高于等于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沸點(diǎn)的液體。GB150的適用范圍：○0.1MPa≤p≤35MPa，真空度不低于0.02MPa；○按鋼材允許的使用溫度確12定（最高為℃，最低為-19634567分析容器。GB150對壓力容實(shí)施安全技術(shù)監(jiān)督和管理的依據(jù)，屬技術(shù)法規(guī)范疇。5.GB150、JB4732和JB/T4735三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有何不同？它們的適用范圍是什么？答：JB/T4735《鋼制焊接常壓容器》與GB150《鋼制壓力容器》屬于常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；《鋼制壓力容器—分析設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》是分析設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。JB/T4735與及與2143657214357621-20℃,,-20)346572.思考題?Rtβ與xe。24βRtRtσσσ1θzrK12pσK1θi22pσprK1θiii2σ2r即σKr32zzK12σKpK1θi2pppppoioièpRpR2ppRR1222ii00i0i0RRRRrrz222220i0ipRpR2ppRR1222iiRR00i0i0RRr222220i0ipRpR22ii00RR220ipppiopppiopppio7圖drrdrrr2z，r2zK2134pRtpRtRt2RtRtpp213pR4D2wf4t2233524wsD18t234s3r0.32frw550.3s4.080.3maxw110.3fmax習(xí)題400MPa,245MPa體厚度為t若殼體材料由（bs）改為510MPa,345MPa（bs1pF2k2rzRRzk012z12ktk22t2EABE1在2bta222p1MPa2bt2AB23為1Rpz12tkh22tφ0.4022tφRpρg212zφφφφφ0107251102cos0.7sin10002Rt2r2pRg0r0322pRgr2Rgd0r0023RpRgRg222333000RpRgRg2223302t003t22Rp1Rg22022330t223002pRztpRgR0tpRgR0tRp1Rg2202233t2230002cosRp1sinsinRgsinsincoscos2202233tsin2230002100.02sin0.210sin0.516221106409.810.35sin0.51cos0.72333500221974.4sin0.5120928cos0.34323sin2522.2sin0.512.1cos0.34323sin2522.2sin2.1cos12.042MPa23sin2pcoscosRgR0tRpcos1sinsinRgsinsincoscos2202233tsin22300025221.97431.392cos22.2sin2.1cos12.042MPa23sin2φφ)：3Rpρgφφφφφ12z04312rVpcoscosRgrdrRgh3Rhg330r0232g32pRgcosrrdr2Rgcossind4Rh3Rh30r002RgcoscosRpRgcossinsin2223333000g4Rh3Rh323V2Rtsin2RpRgcossinsinRgcoscos2223302tsin003tsin22gh4Rh3226tsinR2cosRp1sinsinRgsinsincoscos22022330tsin223002gh4Rh3226tsinR2pRztpcoscosRgR0tpcoscosRgR0tcosRp1sinsinRgsinsincoscos22022330tsin223002gh4Rh3226tsinR2cosRp1sinsinRg2sinsincoscos22022330tsin23002gh4Rh3226tsinR2100.210sin0.51620.02sin2119656624106409.810.35sin0.51cos0.7233sin23500221974.4sin0.5120928cos0.34339313.24823sin2522.2sin0.512.1cos0.3433.923sin2522.2sin2.1cos8.14MPa23Rsin2gpcoscosRgh4Rh3022t6tsinR2cosRp1sinRgsinsincoscossin22022330tsin223002519.65662422.2sin0.512.1cos0.34320031.3920.7cos23sinsin22522.2sin2.1cos8.1420031.3920.7cos23sin2522.2sin2.1cos8.14MPa221.974-31.392cos23sin2σσθφαρp。cR∞，Rααpρ，12zcRxtgφπα,rFRpHgxRrRrg2rtcos2223c1RpHgxRrRrg2223cx2rtcosrRpxtg22gHgxRxRtg223c2RxtgtcosptzRR12pHxgRxtgctcosd1gRxtgpHxgtgdxtcoscd2gtg1ptgd2令：0xRHtg0c2tggtcosdxdx2在x處有最大值。的最大值在錐頂其值為，。ptgp1RpHHgRHtgccgg2tgc2tcosmax。1www0pQM001110pQM0011122Rw2RpRpR2Etpwp22RpEt20p2311wMMwQQ022D022D002311MQMQ002DD002224www0000pQMpQM002222225pR2Et2D1111MQ0MQ02D2DD0000232pR2pR2M2DQ4D23EtEt0o6N0x4RDp43NesinxcosxpResinxcosxxxEtRDp22esinxcosxM2xEtxMMx4RDp32ecosxQxEtx7RDpN12Mx22zxesinxxzxttx34xN12Me2esinxxzsinxxxttt330zQtRDpt2322zexzx22xt44x348RDpNM2t22exxzz2txxxttx34NMttt3t21exxexxzxx30zRDptzexQtx2322z22xt44x34為tEc0αα12為112rw2r12t2p2wp1p2rEt212rw2rwttwrtttttt11r2r10c1112w2rtpt2110pt1222rw2r1p22wp2p2rEt2t222rw2rwttwrtttttt22r2r20c2222w2rtpt2220pt21311wMwQMQ02D02D100213110MQMQ02DD001122411wMMwQQ022D022D002311MQMQ002DD002225wwwwww0ptptQMQM0001112220ptptQMQM0001112226pr11pr11222rtMQ2rtMQ2D2D2D2D2Et2Et10020023231111MQMQ2D2DDD000022M00QrDtt3o0c127N0xEtNettcosxx20c12xMrDettsinx2x0c12MMxxcosxsinxQrDett3x0c128N12Mx12zrDettzsinxx2xtttx0c1233EN12M12zzettcosxrDsinxx2tt2t0c12330zQtx6rt22Dettcosxsinxzz223xt4t43x0c1239xrDettxprN12Mxpr12z2tzsinx2tt2ttx0c1233xprN12MprE12zzettcosxrDsinx2tttt2t0c12330z6rtxQt22cosxsinxzzDettx223t4t4x0c1233一單層厚壁圓筒，承受內(nèi)壓力pw0iD50rwdwrw1rwrEErzrzèpR2iR20pR20ii1111RRrK1rrz222220ipR2iR20pR20iRRirK1r222220ipR2ipiiRRK12220ipR2wwi0EK1r002pR49020.336K1211.188iEw02100.36550R490K1.188R412.538mm0ip36MPari1.18821p1K36211.036MPai2K11.188122p3687.518MPaiK11.1881z220r2362p175.036MPaiK11.188122p3687.518MPaiK11.1881z22σσbs1RR2R2RR2RpR2i22112lns30RRcicci0RRRRRRR2222c00i0i0ic2RRR2iRR22212lnccs0cRRRRRRR33220iicc001RRR2iR12pRR222RRRR0s0c20cii0RRRRR20322223ci0c0icRcRRRcR22pi2ln589.083MPaS30cR2oi13pR33P4t224t4t222233P3333pR228t8t8t222）5Et21038353D1.0051091211210.322pR435004w64D642.915mmf1.005109max33324224t2550.34wsD1133330.33230.328t8222ρ33μ5Et2106353D39.561051211210.322phg0.815009.8111772PapR50.012750544w61.14mms64D16439.56101max561.1420.383塔板剛度需增加的倍數(shù)：：需要的塔板剛度D20.3839.5610806.23281055D121121806.232810225t16.4mm33210E5σ，E=2×MPa，μ5s=0.3σ，×μσ，μ55ss2.59Et2pcrDLD0t0E最12312σσbsμ○1p2p，5bp1D10002101020mm0D102010L1.17D1.17102012052.75mm12m20m0tcr03t3p2.2E2.225D0p)2b222452451020pb2lnK2ln7.773MPass400100033b題21p12.59Et2.5921010252p2.514MPacrD10201020001020LD0t0p)2b222452451020pb2lnK2ln7.773MPass400100033b3思考題4思考題1243TT，oiδ度d厚算計(jì)δn度imn厚計(jì)設(shè)δδ度厚小最度厚義名C2C1C2121234δ或123121量234511232p22rpDppDti2rpD2ptσ]φ？tσ3K2pK1eq4c2K1p2K1c4Keq41.25取nspTδiitpDc0.25D1.25pp0.40.5tii2pcctcpσ]φtcRrymy21m1在2按答：1δδ。nn21354SS123ⅠⅡP+PSPSS54LbⅢLbⅣⅤPbLSⅤ12習(xí)題DipDφCσ]，tci2Cσ]=C。t11pD1.8510009.724mm21130.851.852ptCC9.7240.8212.524mmn12取14mmnpD1.85100021700.851.852ptCC6.4430.829.243mmn12取10mmn50MPa50DCφi21234DCφσ]=，t1ci2σCs1VDL2.6842.474m,pV1.78242.47475.689MPam223344imm3323pD1.782260013.693mm217011.622ptCC13.6930.82n12取18mmnpD1.7822600217010.51.6213.728mm20.5ptCC13.7280.82n12取18mmn4pp1.25TpD310.5Tie222.8TseDδp，incσ]=σCCφts1212.2pDci41.02.24ptc1取7n22.221.00.52.2pDci20.5ptc3.8951取7n3R0.9D0.9600540mm,r0.17D0.17600102mmiii1Rr1540102M331.325i441.3252.2540MpRci21701.0ptc4.6450.816.445mm取7mmn4，48序號系數(shù)KcD37.385c1.0pt42~時(shí)37.38851取40nD，iC2σ]σ]=σCφ，tti0s1iφφ031.4800pDc91.479mmi21700.931.42ptc，，取6mm層板16層層17層的總壁厚負(fù)偏差為170.813.6mm91.47913.61106.079mm取110mmnDL，1ihi22hLLi331、、CC21、、、1D20166.2325.16120,LD6333.33320163.1420e0查圖4-6得：A0.00007;查圖4-7得：E1.6910MPa520.000071.691053325.1612AEp0.0243MPa0.1MPa3D0e8mm鋼板不能制造這臺設(shè)備2D202410.2198.43120,LD6333.33320243.1290e0查圖4-6得：A0.0001;查圖4-7得：E1.6910MPa520.00011.691053197.6472AEp0.057MPa0.1MPa3D0e12mm鋼板不能制造這臺設(shè)備3D202812.2166.2320,LD6333.33320283.1230e0查圖4-6得：A0.00022;查圖4-7得：E1.6910MPa520.000221.691053166.232AEp0.149MPa0.1MPa3D0e14mm鋼板能制造這臺設(shè)備pTρD3wwi度C2DC2iφ12311按p1.43p1.4334.29MPasw查表pp10.0154.291.0154.354MPabspp10.034.3541.034.485MPabpL39904σ]=CCφt122C。1211pD4.4851000217014.485圓筒壁厚：13.368mm2pt取18mmCC13.3680.82n12npD4.4851000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭壁厚：13.279mm217010.54.485取20.5ptCC13.2790.8218mmn12n2圓筒穩(wěn)定性校核取18mm,182.815.2mm,D1000361036mm：ne0D103615.268.15820,LD399010363.8510e0查圖4-6得：A0.00055;查圖4-8得：B70MPaB70p1.027MPa0.5MPaD68.1580e18mm滿足穩(wěn)定性要求n取18mm,182.815.2mm,：ne，D1000361036查表45得系數(shù)K0.9,RKD0.9932.4010100.1250.12515.2A0.002查圖4-8得：B160R932.40eB15.2p2.608MPaR932.40e18mmn2pD0.41100圓筒壁厚：1.525mm21700.850.42ptCC1.52512.525mm，取4mm3mm0.41100n12npD標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭壁厚：1.524mm21700.850.50.420.5ptCC1.52412.524mm，取4mm3mmn12n有徑DiδCn2φaφb為φcφac均在σ]=tCσ]=t1tf。r標(biāo)準(zhǔn)橢圓形封頭壁厚：pD2.5100010.265mm21440.850.52.52pt接管b的計(jì)算厚度pD2.5203b2.557mm2p21012.5tt接管的計(jì)算厚度pD2.51471.851mm2p21012.5tt接管的有效厚度：85.2