課時(shí)分層作業(yè)（二十五）I.閱讀理解A（2021?湖南省四校聯(lián)考）Therearevariouskindsofapartmentsforuniversitystudentstochoosefrom.Andherearesomerecommendations.BrandonOaksLocatedontheMilledgeRoadExtension,BrandonOaksiscomposedoftwo-bedroom,two-bathapartmentswithdecksorpatios.Eachapartmentalsofeaturesanenergy-efficientheatpump,airconditioning,anelectricrange,afull-sizerefrigerator,adishwasher,awasher,adryerandcarpetingthroughout.Floors:VaryElevators:NoC叩acity:180Gender:CoedBrownHallBrownHallfeaturesspacioussingleandsuite-styleroomsontheHealthSciencesCampus.StudentschoosingtoliveinBrownHallcantakeadvantageoflivinginAthens，trendyNormaltownneighborhoodwhilestillenjoyinganon-campus,communitylifestylefreefromthetroubleofmonthlybills.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.BrownHallisopenforbreaks,includingthewinterbreakandthespringbreak.Floors:4Elevators:YesCapacity:130Gender:CoedBoggsHallConstructedin1961,BoggsHallhousesfirst-yearresidentsonly.TheroomsinBoggsHallaretraditionaldoubles,hometotwostudentsperroom.Eachroomisequippedwithasinkandcommunitybathroomsarclocatedoneveryfloor.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.Floors：3Elevators:NoCapacity:160Gender:CoedSouleHallSouleHallistheoldestresidencehallattheuniversityandistheonlyhallreservedfornon-freshmanwomen.SouleHall'sresidentsliveindoubleorsingleThatwasexactlywhatBrianneeded.EvenourNewYear'sdecisionstochangehardlymakeit.Withthesupportofhisfamily,hetookajobinthelocalcafe.Severalweeksafterconsideration,hedecidedtohaveachange.BrianMockenhauptgotlaidofffromaseniormanagementposition.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了失業(yè)的Brian在太太的鼓勵(lì)和支持下，創(chuàng)辦自己的咖啡店，實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想的故事。D［考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前的“我們每天都在同一個(gè)家醒來(lái)，穿上同樣的衣服，乘坐同樣的交通工具去做同樣的工作“可知，我們的生活總是一成不變；而空后一句“雖然人類(lèi)堅(jiān)持常規(guī)是非常自然的，但在我們的舒適區(qū)之外，還有很多東西等著我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)”那么講到了人們可以做出改變，因此空處講到的應(yīng)該是做出改變有多難，故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。］G［考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后一句“他知道很難再找到一份工作”可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是他失業(yè)了，所以G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。］F［考查上下文銜接?？涨耙欢沃v到了Brian失業(yè)之后失落的狀態(tài)，空后那么講到了他不愿無(wú)所事事，他的太太也鼓勵(lì)他努力向前，所以F項(xiàng)“經(jīng)過(guò)考慮，幾周后他決定做出改變“符合語(yǔ)境。］A［考查上下文銜接。上文講到了Brian的太太鼓勵(lì)他創(chuàng)造屬于自己的事業(yè)，而空后一句那么講到了Brian在離家八個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的地方找到了他想要的東西——一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的咖啡館，據(jù)此可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是做出改變的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。］C［考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的咖啡館經(jīng)營(yíng)不善，老板也不愿意再干了，空后一句那么講到了但是他沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)面對(duì)這一天，所以空處講到的應(yīng)該是面前這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)就是他想要的，故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。］roomswithprivateorsharedbathrooms.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.Floors:3Elevators:NoCapacity:90Gender:Female【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)大學(xué)生公寓，包括公寓設(shè)施、樓層、容納人數(shù)等。Whichplaceissuitableforstudentstostayduringtheirvacations?A.BrandonOaks.B.BrownHall.C.BoggsHall.D.SouleHall.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BrownHall局部中的“BrownHallisopenforbreaks,includingthewinterbreakandthespringbreak**可知，BrownHall在假期開(kāi)放，包括冬季假期以及春季假期，故B項(xiàng)正確。］WhatdoBoggsHallandSouleHallhaveincommon?Theyarebothequippedwithsinks.Theywereconstructedatthesameyear.Theycanhousebothmenandwomen.Theysharethesamenumberoffloors.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BoggsHall局部中的aFloors:3”和SouleHall部分中的“Floors:3”可知，這兩個(gè)大學(xué)生公寓樓層相同，故D項(xiàng)正確。］Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?Auniversitytextbook.Atravelbrochure.Anaccommodationguide.Ahoteladvertisement.C［題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了四個(gè)大學(xué)生公寓，包括公寓設(shè)施、樓層、容納人數(shù)等；據(jù)此可以判斷，本文最可能摘自“住宿指南”，故C項(xiàng)正確。］B（2021?廣州市階段訓(xùn)練）Moslkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit'snotthatsimpleforkidswhoarcblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille（盲文）transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecanreadthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe'deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpractisedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren'sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit*smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistake.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterwards,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That'swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee'sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren'tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysaDick-mc-upinthemiddleoftheday”.uIlovethismission,nLeesays.uThroughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids'hands.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了盲文轉(zhuǎn)錄員JennyLee學(xué)習(xí)盲文，將紙質(zhì)書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)化成盲文并出版發(fā)行的故事。Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，要想了解盲文感覺(jué)起來(lái)是什么樣，可以拿一支圓珠筆在一張紙上用力按壓，然后把紙翻過(guò)來(lái)，觸摸由筆尖造成的凸起的點(diǎn)。據(jù)此可知，作者通過(guò)讓讀者自己體驗(yàn)來(lái)解釋盲文感覺(jué)起來(lái)是什么樣，故C項(xiàng)正確。］WhatwasLee,sfirstreactiontobraille?Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe'deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.”可知，當(dāng)Lee第一次見(jiàn)到盲文字母表的點(diǎn)時(shí)，她不知道自己是否能夠輕易地閱讀和書(shū)寫(xiě)它們，據(jù)此可知，Lee對(duì)盲文的第一反響是她認(rèn)為盲文難學(xué)，故D項(xiàng)正確。］Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pick-me-up"inparagraph4mostprobablymean?Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.Somethingtoimproveone'sappetite.Somethingtohelprestoreone'sspirit.Afreerideaccompaniedbyaguidedog.C［詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第四段第二句"That'swhenLeetakesabreak可知，那是Lee休息的時(shí)候；結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞所在句“Toher,playingwithdogs4isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday'.”并根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，對(duì)于她來(lái)說(shuō),和狗一起玩?？偰茏屗谝惶熘形鐣r(shí)恢復(fù)精神：據(jù)此可以判斷，C項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線詞意思相近，故C項(xiàng)正確。］WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?Profitableandhopeful.Tiringbutmeaningful.Relaxingandhelpful.Boringbutchallenging.B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.w可知，Lee認(rèn)為，有時(shí)一遍又一遍地仔細(xì)檢查一個(gè)故事會(huì)覺(jué)得很累;根據(jù)本文尾句“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids,hands.“可知，Lee認(rèn)為，通過(guò)她的腦力和手指她把知識(shí)帶到了孩子們的手上。據(jù)此可以判斷，Lee認(rèn)為她從事的工作雖然讓人疲勞，但是具有意義，故B項(xiàng)正確。］C(2021?八省聯(lián)考)Formanyyears,schoolchildrenintheUShavebeentakenonufieldtrips”toculturalinstitutionssuchasmuseumsofart.Educatorsarrangetheminthebeliefthatschoolsexistnotonlytoteacheconomicallyusefulskills,butalsotoproducecivilizedyoungpeoplewhoappreciateartandculture.Whilethereareparentswhowilltaketheirchildrentoculturalplacesintheirfreetime,therearcplentyofotherchildrenwhowillneverhavethiskindofopportunityunlessschoolsofferit.Soyoucouldsaythattakingschoolstudentsonfieldtripsisameansofgivingeveryoneequalaccesstotheirculturalheritage.However,theattitudetowardsfieldtripsinrecentyearsischanging,withthenumberoftoursorganizedforschoolgroupsfallingsignificantlyinmuseumsallaroundthecountry.Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance.Becausethereareincreasingdemandsontheirfunds,afterall,computersandsportsfacilitiesaren51cheap,schoolsareforcedtomakeadifficultchoiceabouthowtospendthelimitedmoneytheyhave.Facedwiththisdilemma,fieldtripsareanobviousthingtocutsincetheyareseenbymanyasaluxury.Additionally,thenatureofthesefielddaysisalsochanging.Schoolsincreasinglyusetripstoamusementparksorsportingeventsasatreatforstudentsratherthananopportunityforculturallearning.Thisshiftcouldhaveabasisingenerationaldifferencesbetweenteachers'reasonsfororganizingdaysoutofschool.Arecentsurveyconductedamong5(X)Arkansasteachersshowedthatolderteachersweresignificantlymorelikelytotaketheprimarypurposeofafieldtripasalearningexperiencethanyoungerteachers,whoviewitasfun.Someevidenceshowsthetrendoffewertripsmayhaveanegativeeffectonchildren，sdevelopment.ResearchledbyJayGreeneatUniversityofArkansasfoundthatstudentswhoreceivedatourofanartmuseumgreatlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofartandtheabilitytothinkcriticallyaboutart.Theyalsodisplayedstrongerhistoricalinterestandweremorelikelytovisitculturalplacesinthefuture.Theresearcherswarnedthatifschoolscutfieldtripsorswitchtolesseducationaldestinations，valuableopportunitiestobroadenandenrichchildren，slearningexperiencesarelost.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。由于電腦設(shè)備、體育設(shè)施等占用學(xué)校資金，許多學(xué)校已經(jīng)減少讓學(xué)生體臉?biāo)囆g(shù)博物館等文化機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)會(huì)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)校的這種行為可能對(duì)孩子的人生開(kāi)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。Whatistheinitialpurposeoffieldtripstoculturalinstitutions?Toteachstudentsusefulskillsineconomics.Tomakeeverystudentexposedtoartandculture.Toeducatestudentstopreserveculturalheritage.Toencourageparentstotaketheirchildrenthere.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三和四句可知，學(xué)校組織學(xué)生去文化機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)地考察是為了讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都能體臉?biāo)囆g(shù)和文化，故B項(xiàng)正確。］Whichfactormostprobablyleadstothetrendoffewerfieldtrips?Thedropinschoolfunds.Students5demandforfun.Thedilemmaofschoolfinance.Teachers'generationaldifferences.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句"Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance.”可知，造成實(shí)地考察減少這一趨勢(shì)的最明顯的原因是學(xué)校的資金問(wèn)題。對(duì)學(xué)校的資金需求越來(lái)越大，在如何花有限的資金方面學(xué)校要被迫做出困難的選擇。故C項(xiàng)正確。］Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thisshift,,inparagraph3referto?Theswitchfromoldgenerationstoyounggenerations.Theswitchfromsportingeventstoculturalexperiences.Thechangefromanopportunitytolearntoatreattoentertain.Thechangefromeducationaldestinationstoluxuriousattractions.C［詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，學(xué)校越來(lái)越多地利用這些出行去游樂(lè)園或參加體育比賽，當(dāng)作是給學(xué)生的一種樂(lè)趣，而不是把這些出行當(dāng)作學(xué)習(xí)文化的機(jī)會(huì)。結(jié)合下句中的主語(yǔ)“Thisshift”可知，這種轉(zhuǎn)變是指“從學(xué)習(xí)文化的機(jī)會(huì)到娛樂(lè)的享受”，故C項(xiàng)正確。］WhatcanbeinferredaboutfieldtripsfromtheresearchbyJayGreene?A.Studentsarerewardedwithmoreculturalawareness.Amusementparksenrichchildren'slearningexperiences.Cuttingfieldtripsiscriticaltothefutureofthemuseum.Fieldtripsguaranteebetterfutureacademicperformance.A［推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第二、三句可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參觀藝術(shù)博物館的學(xué)生極大地提高了他們的藝術(shù)知識(shí)和對(duì)藝術(shù)進(jìn)行批判性思考的能力；他們還表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)烈的歷史方面的興趣，更有可能在未來(lái)參觀文化場(chǎng)所。據(jù)此可推知，JayGreene所做的研究說(shuō)明實(shí)地考察提高了學(xué)生的文化意識(shí)，故A項(xiàng)正確。］D（2021?濟(jì)南市學(xué)情診斷考試）Wealreadyknowthateatingtoomuchsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcouldcausecognitiveimpairments（認(rèn)知損傷）inmice,anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.DrCostantinoladecola,directoroftheFellFamilyBrainandMindResearchInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehaviour.Micearcverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,theywereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.DrladccolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades-asopposedtoafewmonthsforthemice-evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,vDrladecolasaid.“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmune（免疫的）changesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVisseLdirectoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said.uThosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments.n【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。吃太多鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病。不過(guò)科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會(huì)造成老鼠的認(rèn)知損傷，并且對(duì)人類(lèi)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的影響。Whichcandescribethetestedmice?Theyremainedquietallday.Theybecamesmarterthanever.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的aThenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,theywereunabletodoso.”可知，被測(cè)試的老鼠不能再建窩，而建窩是它們每天做的事情，故C選項(xiàng)“它們忘記了一些日常的事情”正確。］WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?Theyignorehealthadvice.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.Theydislikeprocessedfood.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"StudieshaveshownAingfromprocessedfood.“可知，研究說(shuō)明澳大利亞人每天吃大約為推薦量的兩倍的食鹽，這些食鹽大局部來(lái)自加工食品，故B選項(xiàng)正確。］Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviour.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.D［段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，高鹽引起胃內(nèi)部和周?chē)鞴賴?yán)重的免疫變化，會(huì)對(duì)大腦造成幾乎是自身免疫性的影響，這些變化轉(zhuǎn)而引起身體的各種反響，這些反響隨著時(shí)間的流逝肯定會(huì)造成認(rèn)知損傷，D選項(xiàng)“食鹽攝入量和大腦損傷之間的聯(lián)系”概括了本段的主要意思，故應(yīng)選D。］Whatdoesthetextsuggest?Brainhealthcountsmuch.Thebodynevertellsalie.Alow-saltdietist