第四學(xué)時GrammarPoems虛擬語氣在主從復(fù)合句中1．虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法(1)在Itisimportant(strange，natural，necessary)that...句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should)＋動詞原形。Itisimportantthateverymember(should)knowtheserules.重要的是每個成員知道這些規(guī)則。Itisnecessarythathe(should)_besentthereatonce.有必要馬上派他到那里去。Itisverystrangethatshe(should)_haveleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.她不辭而別，真讓人奇怪。(2)Itisdemanded/required/suggested...＋thatclause，從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”。Itisdecided(hasbeendecided)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponed(延期)tilltomorrow.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent(should)_bringenoughfoodonthetrip.2．虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法在suggest(建議)，propose(建議)，demand(要求/需要),request(要求/請求)，desire(請求/期望)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(堅持)等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)＋動詞原形”，表建議、要求、命令。ProfessorWangsuggestedthatwe(should)notoveruseoureyesandtakemoreoutdooractivities.王教授建議我們不要過度用眼及多參加室外活動。特別提示：wish＋賓語從句：表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望或美好的愿望，表示“但愿……；……就好了；可惜……；……多好”。(1)表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式。Iwish(that)Iwere_youngagain.要是我能返老還童就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyounger.我但愿自己能年輕10歲。(2)表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用haddone/would(could)＋havedone.Wewishwehad_arrivedtheretwohoursearlier.我們要是早兩個小時到達(dá)那兒就好了。IwishIhad_methimyesterday.

真希望昨天遇見他。(3)表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用would(could)＋動原/wereto＋動原。IwishIcould_flytothemoononeday.但愿將來某一天我能飛上月球。Iwishitshould_befinetomorrow.我希望明天是晴天。3．虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的用法demand，suggestion，proposal等名詞帶有同位語從句時，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即(should)＋動詞原形。Thesuggestionthat

the

plan

(should)

be

delayed(延遲)willbediscussedtomorrow.推遲那項計劃的建議將在明天討論。4．虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.他把我當(dāng)陌生人。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehad

really

seenit.她談?wù)撃遣侩娪暗纳袂榫秃孟袼娴目催^一樣。結(jié)論：表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況，從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were);表示與過去相反的情況，動詞用“had＋過去分詞?！?．虛擬語氣在表語從句中的用法Mydemandisthatyoushould

get

upatsix.我的要求是你應(yīng)六點起床。Hisorderisthatallofusshould

gettherebefore5o'clock.他的命令是我們大家五點前到達(dá)那里。6．在inorderthat或sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用could/might/should＋動詞原形。Mr.Greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould/might

hearclearly.為了讓學(xué)生聽明白，格林先生說得很慢。7．在incase，forfear(that)，lest(以免，萬一)等引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞用should＋動詞原形。Shetookherraincoatwithherincase/forfearthat/lestsheshould

be

caughtintherain.她帶上雨傘以免淋雨。RemindmeofitincaseIshould

forget.8．在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的用法EvenifLinTaowerehere，Ishould

saythesamething.即使林濤在這兒，我也會這樣說。Eventhoughhehad

beenill，hewould

have

gonetohisoffice.即使病了，他仍會去上班。9．虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法Itis(about/high)time＋主語＋過去式/should＋動詞原形。Itis(about)timeourteamwon.我們隊該贏了。Itishightimethatwehadaparty.我們該舉行晚會了。10．虛擬語氣其它常見句式(1)Ifonly(要是……就好了)的用法：表現(xiàn)在的強(qiáng)烈愿望：動詞用過去式；表過去的強(qiáng)烈愿望：動詞用過去完成時；表將來的強(qiáng)烈愿望：動詞用would/could＋動詞原形。IfonlyIcouldlearnEnglishwellinoneday.(現(xiàn)在)要是我一天能學(xué)會英語就好了！IfonlyIhad

not

beenlatefortheinterview.(過去)那天面試我要是沒遲到該多好??！Ifonlyhewould

reply.(將來)他如能回復(fù)該多好！(2)wouldrather(寧愿，寧可)后接從句，動詞用虛擬語氣。表與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望：動詞用過去式；表與過去事實相反的愿望：動詞用過去完成時。Iwouldrathershewerenotpresent.我寧可她不在場。(事實上她在場)Iwouldratherhehad

toldmethetruth.我寧可他告訴我事實真相。(事實上他沒告訴我真相)11．在其他句型中(1)Withoutair，therewould

benolivingthings.沒有空氣，就沒有生命。(2)Butforyourhelp，Icould

not

have

doneit.要不是你幫忙，我做不好這件事。(3)Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！(4)LonglivetheChineseCommunistParty.中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲！一、在空格上填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1．I________(come)tooifIhadtimetospare.2．Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____(come)，she________(meet)mybrother.3．Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime，there______(be)moredeaths.4．Ifit__(rain)heavilylastnight，allthecrops___(flood)．1．解析：從句用了過去式(had)，主句動詞應(yīng)用would＋動詞原形，構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。答案：wouldcome

2.解析：全句用了表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。答案：hadcome，wouldhavemet3．wouldhavebeen

4.hadrained；wouldhavebeenflooded

5．______I______(be)ingoodhealth，I_____(go)withyoutheotherday.6．___you____(tell)meearlier，Icouldhavedonesomething.7．IfI_____(work)harderatschool，I_____(get)abetterjob.5.Had，been；couldhavegone

6.Had，told7．hadworked；wouldhavegot

8．Ifyou______(listen)tome，you______(not，be)insuchtroublenow.9．IfI____(have)somevisitslastsummer，theholiday____(not，seem)soendless.10．Hehasatalentforwritingpoems.He________(win)thefirstprizeifhe________(practise)more.8.hadlistened；wouldnotbe

9.hadhad；wouldnothaveseemed10．wouldhavewon；hadpractised二、翻譯下列句子1．如果有人給我錢，明天我會買一輛車。2．如果你當(dāng)時繼續(xù)嘗試，你早就可以取得很大進(jìn)步了。3．如果你認(rèn)真聽了老師的講課，并及時地復(fù)習(xí)功課，你的英語早就提高了。1．Ifsomeonegavemethemoney，I'dbuyacartomorrow.2．Ifyouhadgoneontrying，youwouldhavemademuchprogress.3．Ifyouhadlistenedtoyourteacherinclassand(youhad)goneoveryourlessonsintime，youwouldhaveimprovedyourEnglish.4．要不是有你的幫助，我是不可能這么快找到問題的答案的。5．要不是有電，這個世界不知道會怎么樣。4．Withoutyourhelp，Icouldn'thavefoundtheanswertotheproblemsosoon.(Butforyourhelp，Icouldn'thavefound...Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp，Icouldn'thavefound...)5．Withoutelectricity，noonewouldknowwhatwouldhappentotheworld.三、語法填空Duringthe“CulturalRevolution”(1966～1976)，Chineseteachers1_____(be)atthebottomofthesocialscalepartlyduetotheprevalentmentalityatthattimewhereeducation2_____(see)assynonymouswithcounter-revolution(反革命)．Theteachers3____(not，be)treatedthatbadlyifthey4____(respect)．Studentswouldnothavelookedontheirteachers5______theirenemy.Education6_____(not