2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期徐匯區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷卷高三英語(yǔ)試卷2019.12（滿分140分，考試時(shí)間1202019.12ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.B.Encouragehisstafftoworkharder.A.Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.B.Encouragehisstafftoworkharder.C.Askforaprogressreportontheproject.D.Holdaconversationwithhisemployees.A.Buyingahandbag.C.Takingapicture.A.Tothelibrary.B.Totheschool.A.Makeabudget.C.Decoratethelivingroom.A.Shedidn'tgetthepromotion.C.Sheisnotingoodmood.A.Themanneedstoarriveearlier.C.Thewomandislikesairtravel.A.Hehasearnedabigfortune.C.Hehaslittlemoney.A.Hedidn'tattendtheceremony.C.Heforgottotakehiscellphone.8.B.Tryingonapieceofclothing.D.Attendingafashionshow.C.Tothecafeteria.D.Tothecinema.B.Buythepainting.D.Bargainwiththeartdealer.B.Shedoesn'tlookattractive.D.Shecan'tstandfoggydays.B.Thewomanhastoworkovertime.D.Themanwantstosavemoney.B.Heisgoodatsaving.D.Hespendsmoneylikewater.B.Hetookalotofpreciouspictures.D.Hisrecordedtheceremonywithhiscamera.9.A.Hedoesn'tneedavacation.C.Heisafraidoflosingthejob.10.A.Noseatsareavailablenow.C.It'stoodarkforhimtofindtheseat.B.Thecompanyisshortofhands.D.Thebosstoldhimtotakeachance.B.It'snottherighttimetoenter.D.Shecan'tgetinuntiltheinterviewends.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

A.Morecheerful.B.Lessstressed.C.Moreresolute.D.Lessattractive.A.Morecheerful.B.Lessstressed.C.Moreresolute.D.Lessattractive.A.Tofindouthowclothescanaffectpeople'sfeelings.Toshowhowscientistspaymoreattentiontodetails.Toprovepeoplemakefewermistakesinlabcoats.D.Totesttheeffectofclothesonpeople'sattention.A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.Howpeopledresscanchangetheirappearance.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheirperformance.Peopledoingdifferentjobsweardifferentclothes.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Expertswhospecializeinpreventingnaturaldisasters.Peopletrainedtorespondtomedicalemergencies.Superheroesdevotedtodefendingtheearth.Doctorsandnurseswhoprovidemedicalservices.A.Decentandpromising.C.Toughandstressful.A.Decentandpromising.C.Toughandstressful.A.Passingaphysicaltrainingprogram.C.Possessingamedicalschooldiploma.Busybutsecure.Demandingbutwell-paid.GettingacertificateinCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)).D.Keepingcalminanysituation.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.18-26.B.27-35.C.36-45.D.17.A.18-26.B.27-35.C.36-45.D.46-55.18.A.Jogging.B.Swimming.19.A.Launchanewpromotioncampaign.C.Tennis.D.Cycling.B.Carryoutanothersurvey.C.Increasetheproductionofathleticshoes.D.Holdmoreathleticcompetitions.20.A.Makeproductsmoreappealing.B.Followthetrend.Focusonfitnessbusiness.D.Targetoldercustomers.Focusonfitnessbusiness.D.Targetoldercustomers.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Onceuponatime...OnceuponatimetherelivedinGermanytwobrothers.Atschooltheymetawisemanwholedthemtoatreasure—alibraryofoldbookswithtalesmorefascinatingthananytheyhadeverheard.(21)(inspire),thebrothersbegancollectingtheirownstories,listeningtothefolktalespeopletoldthem.Soontheyproducedtheirowntreasure—abookoffairytalesthatwouldcharmmillionsinfarawaylandsforgenerations(22)(come).ThebrothersGrimm,JacobandWilhelm,namedtheirstorycollectionChildren'sandHouseholdTalesandpublisheditinGermanyin1812.Thecollection(23)(translate)intomorethan160languagesuptonow.Thestoriesandtheircharacterscontinuetofeatureinvirtuallyeverymedia:theatre,opera,comicbooks,movies,paintings,rockmusic,advertisingandfashion.SuchfamewouldhaveshockedthemodestGrimms.Duringtheirlifetimesthecollection(24)(sell)fewcopiesinGermany.Theearlyeditionswerenotevenaimedatchildren.Theyhadnoillustrations,andscholarlyfootnotestookupalmostasmuchspaceasthetales(25).JacobandWilhelmGrimmbegantheirworkatatime(26)GermanyhadbeenoccupiedbytheFrenchunderNapoleon.Thenewrulersrestrictedlocalculture.Asyoungscholars,thebrothersGrimmbegantoworkonthefairytalecollectioninordertosavetheendangeredoralstorytellingtraditionofGermany.(27)thebrothersimpliedthattheywerejustkeepingrecordsoftales,Wilhelmcontinuedtopolishandreshapethestoriesuptothefinaleditionof1857.Inanefforttomakethemmoreacceptabletochildrenandtheirparents,hestressedthemoralofeachtaleandemphasizedgenderroles.Tothisday,parentsstillreadthemtotheirchildrenbecausetheyapproveofthelessonsinthestories:keepyourpromises,don'ttalktostrangers,workhard,obeyyourparents.Yet(28)allWilhelm'sadditions,themostimportantpartofthesestorieswasleftuntouched.Thecrueltreatmentofchildrenandtheviolentpunishmentshandedouttothestories'badguysaretoomuchforsomeparents.Sowhataccountsfortheirpopularity?Somehavesuggestedthatitis(29)thecharactersarealwaysstrivingforhappiness.Butthetruthprobablyliesintheirorigin.Grimms'taleswerebornoutofastorytellingtraditionwithoutboundaries(界限)ofageorculture.Thebrothers'skillwastotranslatetheseintoauniversalstyleofwritingthatseemstomirror(30)moodsorinterestswebringtoourreadingofthem.AndsoitwasthattheGrimms'fairytaleslivedhappilyeverafter.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.distributedB.absolutelyC.infectionsD.consumeE.harborF.relianceG.potentialH.specificI.originateJ.respectivelyK.revealedMicroplasticPollutionInthepastfewyears,scientistshavefoundmicroplasticsinoursoil,tapwater,bottledwater,beerandevenintheairwebreathe.Andthere'sgrowingconcernaboutthe(31)healthriskstheyposetohumans.ThenewanalysisintheUKhavediscoveredmicroplasticswidely(32)acrossall10lakesandriverssampled.Morethan1,000smallpiecesofplasticperlitrewerefoundintheRiverTame,whichwas(33)lastyearasthemostpollutedplacetestedworldwide.EveninrelativelyremoteplacessuchastheFallsofDochartandLochLomondinScotland,twoorthreepiecesperlitrewerefound.Microplasticsarenota(34)kindofplastic,butratheranytypeofsmallpiecesofplasticthatislessthan5mminlengthaccordingtotheU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Theymay(35)fromavarietyofsources,includingcosmetics,clothing,andindustrialprocesses.Humansareknownto(36)thetinyplasticparticlesthroughfoodandwater,butthepossiblehealtheffectsonpeopleandecosystemshaveyettobedetermined.Onestudy,inSingapore,hasfoundthatmicroplasticscan(37)harmfulmicrobes(微生物).ResearchbytheNationalUniversityofSingaporefoundmorethan400typesofbacteriaon275piecesofmicroplasticcollectedfromlocalbeaches.Theyincludedinsectsthatcausegastroenteritis(腸胃炎)andwound(38)inhumans.“Microplasticsarebeingfound(39)everywherebutwedonotknowtheharmtheycouldbedoing,”saidChristianDunnatBangorUniversity,Wales,wholedthework.“It'snouselookingbackin20years'timeandsaying:‘Ifonlywe'drealizedjusthowbaditwas.'Weneedtobemonitoringourwatersnowandweneedtothink,asacountryandaworld,howwecanbereducingour(40)onplastic.”ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Since2008,theaveragelabour-forceparticipationrateof55-to64-year-oldsinOECD(OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmen)tcountrieshasrisenbyeightpercentagepoints.AnewOECDreport,“WorkingBetterwithAge",pointsoutthattheemploymentofolderworkersis(41),ifprosperityistobemaintained.Thatcanbetakenasasignthatoursocietyisfinally,(42)thevalueofitsolderemployees.Retirementgivesyouthechancetosleeplateandavoidthemorningrushhours.Nolongerdoyouhavetositthroughendlessmeetingsorcheckemailfrequently.Butworkcankeepthemindactiveandgivespeoplea(43)inlife.Thefirstmonthofretirementmayseempleasant,but(44)issuretocome.Grandplanstolearnlanguagesandtraveltheworldcanquicklylosetheirappeal.(45),thecompanyofcolleaguesprovidesasocialnetwork;spendingallweekathomecanleadtoloneliness.Workinglongershouldbeeasiernowthatmostjobsrequire(46),ratherthanmanual,labour.Ofcourse,manypeopleareworkinglongernotbecausetheyenjoywhattheydo,butbecausetheycannotaffordto(47).Thatisnotjustbecausegovernmentshavebeenpushingupthestateretirementage.(48),theaverageageatwhichpeopleactuallyretirediffersfromtheofficialagebyseveralyears.Inpart,thatisbecausemanypeopledonotrelyonthestatepensionastheironlysourceofincomeandneedwork-relatedpensionstosupplementit.However,companiesaregradually(49)pensionslinkedtofinalsalarieswith"definedcontribution"schemes.Underthelatter,workersendupwithapotofsavingsatretirementthatneedstobe(50).Theincomefromsuchpotshasbeenreducedbyverylowinterestrates.Womentendtohavesmallerretirementpots(thankstotheiryearsspentraisingchildren),makingtheirdifficultiesevenmore(51).Theyneedtokeepworking.Olderworkersmayfeel(52),particularlywhenitcomestopromotion.Twoissuesseemtohold(53)back.Thefirstisthatolderworkerstendto(54)highersalaries,becauseofthesenioritysystem.Thesecondisa(55)ofskills；oneinthree55-to65-year-oldsinOECDcountrieseitherlackcomputerexperienceorcannotpasstechnologytests.Suchproblemscanberesolvedwithpropertraining,buttheover-55sshouldtakeituponthemselvestokeepupwithtechnologicalchanges.41.A.shortsightedB.vitalC.adequateD.unnecessary42.A.recognizingB.assessingC.questioningD.transforming43.A.frameB.choiceC.lessonD.purpose44.A.libertyB.boredomC.priorityD.motivation45.A.HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Furthermore46.A.mentalB.simpleC.physicalD.routine47.A.proceedB.continueC.persistD.quit48.A.InconclusionB.InotherwordsC.InpracticeD.Inparticular49.A.replacingB.furnishingC.increasingD.combining50.A.registeredB.reinvestedC.refundedD.removed51.A.personalB.severeC.emotionalD.practical52.A.competitiveB.dominantC.distinguishedD.disadvantaged53.A.employersB.researchersC.employeesD.femaleworkers54.A.commandB.ensureC.opposeD.ignore55.A.rangeB.disciplineC.shortageD.setSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AgnesdeMillewasadancerandachoreographer(編舞).Earlyinhercareer,deMillehadcreatedthechoreographyforaballetcalledThreeVirginsandaDevil.Shethoughtitwasgoodwork,butnobodymademuchofit.Afewyearslater,deMillechoreographedaballetnamedRodeo.Again,shethoughtherworkwassolid,butitresultedinlittlecommercialfame.Then,in1943,deMillechoreographedOklahoma!,amusicalshowthatenjoyednearlyinstantsuccess.Inthecomingyears,Oklahoma!wouldrunforanincredible2,212performances,botharoundthenationandabroad.In1955,thefilmversionwonanAcademyAward.ButthesuccessofOklahoma!didn'tbringhermuchhappiness.ShethoughtthatherworkoOnklahoma!wasonlyaveragecomparedtosomeofherothercreations.Shelatersaid,"AftertheopeningofOklahoma!,IsuddenlyhadunexpectedsuccessforaworkIthoughtwasonlyfairlygood,afteryearsofneglectforworkIthoughtwasfine.Ibegantothinkthatperhapsmyentirescaleofvalueswasuntrustworthy.ItalkedtoMartha."MarthawasMarthaGraham,perhapsthemostinfluentialdancechoreographerofthe20thcentury.(Althoughnotaswell-knownbythegeneralpublic,GrahamhasbeencomparedtoothercreativegeniuseslikePicassoorFrankLloydWright.)Duringtheirconversation,deMilletoldMarthaGrahamaboutherfrustration."IconfessedthatIhadaburningdesiretobeexcellent,butnofaiththatIcouldbe."Grahamrespondedbysaying,"'Thereisavitality,alifeforce,anenergy,aquickeningthatistranslatedthroughyouintoaction,andbecausethereisonlyoneofyouinalloftime,thisexpressionisunique.Andifyoublockit,itwillneverexistthroughanyothermediumanditwillbelost.Theworldwillnothaveit.Itisnotyourbusinesstodeterminehowgooditisnorhowvaluablenorhowitcompareswithotherexpressions.Itisyourbusinesstokeepityoursclearlyanddirectly,tokeepthechannelopen.”56.WhatcanbelearnedaboutdeMilledballetnamedRodeo?Itearnedheralargefortune.B.Itmadeherrisetofameovernight.Itdidn'tenjoymuchsuccess.D.Itlaidasolidfoundationforhercareer.57.HowdiddeMillefeelaboutthegreatsuccessofthemusicalOklahoma!?Relieved.B.Ashamed.C.Confused.D.Proud.58.PicassoandFrankLloydWrightwerementionedinthepassagetosuggestthatMarthaGrahamwasoutstandinginvisualartsandarchitectureenjoyedthesamepopularityasthemhadbeeninfluencedgreatlybythemwasthemostinfluentialartistinherfieldWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsGraham'swordsinthispassage?Comparingwithotherspreventsyoufrommaintaininguniqueness.Youshouldalwayskeepyourselfopentotheurgesthatmotivateyou.Youractionrevealstheinnerlandscape,whichisthesoulofmusic.Choosingtobepositiveisgoingtodeterminehowyouliveyourlife.(B)Shippingcontainersaregainingpopularityasanalternativetotraditionalhouses.These20-or40-footcontainerscanbeobtainedforalittleasseveralhundredUSdollarsapiece,andit'snotsurprisingthatsomeindustryprofessionalsandevencityplannersconsiderthemthefutureofhomebuilding.Belowaredetailsofsomeamazinghomesmadeoutofshippingcontainers.LondonContainerCity(IandII)London'sContainerCityfirstsprangupintheheartofthedocklandsin2001.Ittookjustfivemonths

tocompletetheoriginal12workstudios.Shortlyafterthat,afourthfloorofstudiosandlivingapartmentswasbuiltontopofthese.Thefirstcontainercitywassosuccessfulthatanother一ContainerCityII一wasaddedtoit.LosAngelesRedondoBeachhouseWithitsmodemlinesandappealingspaces,theaward-winningRedondoBeachHouseisaluxurybeachsideshowpiecebuiltfromeightrecycledsteelshippingcontainers,alongwithsometraditionalbuildingmaterials.Accordingtothearchitects,themodifiedcontainersare"nearlyindestructible".AmsterdamKeetwonenAmsterdam'smassiveKeetwonencomplexhouses1,000studentsanditisthelargestcontainercityintheworld.Thehousingprojectisaroaringsuccessandfeaturesunitsthatarequietandcomfortable.Eachresidentenjoysabathroom,Ikitchenandseparatesleepingandstudyingquarters.Thecomplexevenhascentralheatingandhigh-speedinternetaswellasareasforparkingbikes.MexicoM2ATKContainerHousecontainerhousesareM2ATKdesignedthisuniquecontainerhouseforanartist.It'sfullyequippedwithheatingandcooling,akitchenandbathroom.Onthebottomfloorofthehouseare"publicspaces"suchasthekitchenandlivingroom.Thesecondflooristhebedroom,andthetopfloorisastudiospaceinwhichtowork,readand"letflytheimagination".containerhousesareComparedtotraditionalhouses,easiertomaintainB.lessexpensivetobuildC.morecomfortabletoliveinD.morefashionableinstyleWhatcanbelearnedaboutAmsterdam'sKeetwonencomplex?Itisthefirstcontainercityintheworld.B.It'sequippedwithmodemfacilities.C.Itfeaturesaluxuryanduniquestyle.D.Itincludeslivingspaceandcarparks.A.RecycledmaterialforIdealHomeC.HomeinaSteelBoxShippingContainerHomeChallengesA.RecycledmaterialforIdealHomeC.HomeinaSteelBoxShippingContainerHomeChallengesHousingOptionsandSolutions(C)OnAugust29th,asHurricaneDoriantrackedtowardsAmerica'seastcoast,ElonMusk,thebossofTesla,anelectric-carmaker,announcedthatsomeofhiscustomersinthestorm'spathwouldfindthattheircarshadsuddenlydevelopedtheabilitytodrivefartheronasinglebatterycharge.Likemanymodemvehicles,Mr.Musk'sproductsarebestthoughtofasinternet-connectedcomputersonwheels.ThecheapermodelsinTesla'sline-uphavepartsoftheirbatteriesdisabledbythecar'ssoftwareinordertolimittheirrange.AtthetapofakeyboardinPaloAlto,thefirmwasabletoremovethoserestrictionsandgivedriverstemporaryaccesstothefullpoweroftheirbatteries.Mr.Musk'scomputerizedcarsarejustoneexampleofamuchbroadertrend.Ascomputersandconnectivitybecomecheaper,itmakessensetobakethemintomoreandmorethingsthatarenot,inthemselves,computers,creatingan"internetofthings".Suchaworldwillbringmanybenefits.Consumerswillgetconvenience,andproductsthatcandothingsnon—computerizedversionscannot.Businesseswillgetefficiency,asinformationaboutthephysicalworldthatusedtobeuncertainbecomesconcreteandanalyzable.Inthelongterm,though,themostobviouseffectswillbeinhowtheworldworks.Evermorecompanieswillbecometechcompanies;theinternetwillbecomeeverywhere.Asaresult,aseriesofunresolvedargumentswillspilloverfromthevirtualworldintotherealone.Startwithownership.AsMrMuskshowed,theinternetgivesfirmstheabilitytostayconnectedtotheirproductsevenaftertheyhavebeensold,transformingthemintosomethingclosertoservicesthangoods.Thathasalreadymadethetraditionalideasofownershipunclear.WhenMicrosoftcloseditsebookstoreinJuly,forinstance,itscustomerslosttheabilitytoreadtitlestheyhadbought(thefirmofferedrefunds).Thatshiftsthebalanceofpowerfromthecustomertotheseller.Virtualbusinessmodelswilljarinthephysicalworld.Techfirmsaregenerallyhappytomovefastandbreakthings.Butyoucannotreleasethebetaversion(測(cè)試版)ofafridge.Apple,asmartphonemaker,providesupdatesforitsphonesforonlyfiveyearsorsoaftertheirrelease;usersofAndroidsmartphonesareluckytogettwo.Butgoodssuchaswashingmachinesorindustrialmachinerycanhavelifespansofadecadeormore.Firmswillneedtoworkouthowtosupportcomplicatedcomputeriseddeviceslongaftertheiroriginalprogrammershavemovedon.Datawillbeanotherflashpoint.Formuchoftheinternetthebusinessmodelistooffer"free"servicesthatarepaidforwithvaluableuserdata,collectedwithconsent(同意)thatishalf-informedatbest.Inthevirtualworld,argumentsaboutwhatshouldbetracked,andwhoownstheresultingdata,canseemairyandtheoretical.Intherealone,theywillfeelmoreurgent.Predictingtheconsequencesofanytechnologyishard—especiallyoneasuniversalascomputing.Theemergenceoftheconsumerinternet,25yearsago,wasmetwithstarry-eyedoptimism.Thesedaystheinternet'sfaultsdominatetheheadlines.Butthepeoplehavetheadvantageofhavinglivedthroughthefirstinternetrevolution—whichshouldgivethemsomeideaofwhattoexpect.FromthepassagewecantellthatTeslacan.A.drivefasterthanusualinextremeweatherB.adjusttherangeofitsbatterypowerchargethebatteryatthetapofakeyboardD.operatewhenthebatteryisfullydrained64.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofthe“unresolvedarguments”mentionedinthepassage?A.Earlyadoptersofcertainappsfindthattheyceasedtoworkafterthefirmlostinterest.Theinsurancecompanyusesdatafromfitnesstrackerstoadjustcustomers'premiums(呆費(fèi)).Computerizedmachinerycan'tpredictitsbreakdownsorschedulepreventivemaintenance.Ahigh-techfridgecompanyrestrictsitscustomersfromrepairingtheirfridgesthemselves.Theunderlinedwordjarprobablymeansinthiscontext.A.boomB.conflictC.vanishD.expandThispassageismainlyabout.howtheworldwillchangeascomputersspreadintoeverydayobjectstheadoptionofelectricvehiclesandthepossibleproblemstoexpectwhatshouldbedonetopreventthebreakdownofcomputerizeddevicesdifferentviewsonthecurrentapplicationofInternetTechnologySectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Creativityisassociatedwithmanyfactors.Rather,theyshouldworktoexpand,grow,andexerciseit.Withoutcreativity,weareindistinguishablefromthemasses.However,creativitycanbeacquiredatanyage.It'shardtoworkoutwhereexactlycreativitycomesfrom.Everyonehasthecapacitytobecreative.EssentialCreativityInarecentsurveyinAmerica,62%ofpeoplesaidthatcreativitywasmoreimportanttosuccessintheworkplacethantheyhadanticipateditwouldbewhentheywereinschool.(67)Itisofcoursepossibletoscanpeople'sbrainsandseewhichpartsarefiringwhenanideaiscreated,butrathermoreromanticallyitcanbethoughtofassomethingthatcannotbeidentified.Creativityiswhatcomestoyouwhenyouleastexpectit.Youcannotdemandcreativityfromyourmind,norcanyoudemandthatyouarecreativeinaparticularway.Onemisconceptionaboutcreativityisthatitisreservedforafewspecialpeople.Thisisnottrue.(68)Anothermisconceptionisthatcreativityisallabouttheartsbutthissimplyisn'ttrue:creativityextendstomathsandscienceinjustthewayitdoestomusicandliterature.Thosewhoseethingsdifferentlytoothersandareconfidentenoughtomaketheirideasarealityaretheoneswhomakethegreatestchangesintheworld.Consequently,itisincrediblyimportantthatschoolsdonotpreventcreativity.(69)Studentsshouldbetaughttoaskquestionsandinvestigatewhenthingsdonotmakesense.Theyneedtolearntoviewmistakesasopportunitiesforlearningratherthansomethingthatwasunsuccessful.Itisworryingthatmanyschoolsarelessconcernednowwithnurturingcreativitywhenthisisthemostimportanttimeinhistoryforit.Itusedtobethatpeopleworkedhard,wenttouniversity,andgotajob.Thatwasit.Butnow,everyoneworkshard,goestouniversity—andtherearen'tthejobsouttherethatguaranteeasafefuture.(70)Wecanuseittosetourselvesapart,andchannelittofacethechallengesofthefuture.IV．SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheDeclineofBiodiversityBiodiversityistherangeoflivingthingsinanarea.Duringthelast100years,scientistshaveseenagreatdeclineinbiodiversity.Somestudiesshowthatoneineightplantspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction.Itisestimatedthat140,000speciesofplantsarelosteachyear.Mostoftheextinctionsinthelastthousandyearsareduetohumans.Themaincauseisthechoppingdownoftropicalrainforests.Mostofthisdestructionisdonetocreatepasture(牧場(chǎng))forbeefcattle.ManyrainforestsinCentralandSouthAmericahavebeenburntdowntomakewayforcattlefarming,whichsuppliesbeeftotherestoftheworld.Itisestimatedthatforeachpoundofbeefproduced,200squarefeetofrainforestaredestroyed.Theforestsarealsocutdowntomakewheatforbread