書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學(xué)者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(縮/減員，磨損)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文定位到第一段開頭Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學(xué)者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常關(guān)注哲學(xué)博士候選人的高輟學(xué)率，以及一個(gè)需要博士生的國(guó)家隨之而來(lái)的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人認(rèn)為，通過(guò)說(shuō)服輟學(xué)者回到研究生院攻讀博士學(xué)位，可以減少受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的專家和大學(xué)教師的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施說(shuō)服輟學(xué)者重回校園，選A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該采取措施讓輟學(xué)者重返校園”；B選項(xiàng)“那些輟學(xué)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該回到質(zhì)量較低的學(xué)校繼續(xù)他們的學(xué)業(yè)”，C選項(xiàng)“擁有博士學(xué)位的人通常比輟學(xué)的人更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境”以及D選項(xiàng)“高輟學(xué)率很大程度上是由于教員缺乏激勵(lì)”和原文不符合。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段開頭Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，輟學(xué)率為31%）可知輟學(xué)人數(shù)占據(jù)三分之一，D選項(xiàng)“大約三分之一開始攻讀博士學(xué)位的人沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)獲得學(xué)位”符合原文；第二段結(jié)尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他們不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況良好，而且，根據(jù)這份報(bào)告，他們的收入水平并不比那些繼續(xù)攻讀博士學(xué)位的人低多少）可知A選項(xiàng)“在經(jīng)濟(jì)成就方面，輟學(xué)者大大低于博士”和原文相悖；原文1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.（1.缺乏動(dòng)力是退學(xué)的主要原因）可知B選項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)因素是攻讀博士學(xué)位的次要因素”和原文相悖；原文3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.（3.大多數(shù)輟學(xué)者現(xiàn)在從事與他們的教育和動(dòng)機(jī)相一致的工作）可知C選項(xiàng)“如果博士候選人輟學(xué)，他很可能改變他的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域”和原文相悖。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“foreignlanguagerequirements”定位到原文倒數(shù)第三段butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.（但那些提到學(xué)術(shù)原因的人以未能通過(guò)資格考試、未完成研究和未能通過(guò)語(yǔ)言考試為由）可推測(cè)出外語(yǔ)要求是博士生課程的基本組成部分，選C選項(xiàng)“是許多博士項(xiàng)目的重要組成部分”；倒數(shù)第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退學(xué)者表示，他們的決定沒有學(xué)術(shù)原因）可知學(xué)術(shù)原因不是導(dǎo)致退學(xué)的主要原因，A選項(xiàng)“是退學(xué)最常見的原因”不符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)理科考生來(lái)說(shuō)比人文學(xué)科考生來(lái)說(shuō)更難”以及D選項(xiàng)“不同的大學(xué)在難度上沒有太大的差別”原文未涉及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段開頭Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.（至于讓輟學(xué)學(xué)生重返校園的可能性，前景不容樂(lè)觀）可知無(wú)法得出A選項(xiàng)“在讓從博士學(xué)位輟學(xué)的人重新攻讀學(xué)位的問(wèn)題上，樂(lè)觀主義占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位”這一結(jié)論；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)從博士學(xué)位退學(xué)的人，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，沒有獲得學(xué)位所需要的條件”以及C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)院和大學(xué)雇傭了許多退學(xué)學(xué)生”文章無(wú)提及，因此也沒有能從文章得出這個(gè)結(jié)論這一說(shuō)，排除；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（這也可能表明這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在博士能掙到最高工資的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，高工資仍然落后于其他領(lǐng)域）可以推測(cè)出D選項(xiàng)“博士們?cè)诜菍W(xué)術(shù)崗位上掙的錢比不上他們應(yīng)得的”，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（這也可能表明這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在博士能掙到最高工資的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，高工資仍然落后于其它領(lǐng)域）以及最后一段Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.（至于返回校園的可能性，前景不樂(lè)觀。至少有25%的退學(xué)生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是保證他們保留現(xiàn)有的收入水平，有些還要保留他們目前的工作）推測(cè)出高輟學(xué)率主要在于博士的薪水太低，選A選項(xiàng)“博士的薪水太低”；倒數(shù)第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退學(xué)者表示，他們的決定沒有學(xué)術(shù)原因）可知學(xué)術(shù)要求太高不是導(dǎo)致退學(xué)的主要原因，B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)術(shù)要求太高”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他們不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況良好，而且，根據(jù)這份報(bào)告，他們的收入水平并不比那些繼續(xù)攻讀博士學(xué)位的人低多少）可知C選項(xiàng)“輟學(xué)者的薪水太高”屬于過(guò)度推斷；D選項(xiàng)“1000個(gè)職位”和原文不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thepassengerscarriedondrinkinganddancing（）unawareoftheimpendingdisaster.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.witheringly

B.contemptuously

C.morally

D.blissfully

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義解析。witheringly“使人不自在地”；contemptuously“輕蔑地”；morally“道德上，確實(shí)”；blissfully“幸福地”。句意：乘客們喝酒跳舞，沒有意識(shí)到即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難。選項(xiàng)C表程度，符合題意。

3.單選題

Thefiremen（

）theabandonedwarehouseforpotentialfirehazards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scanned

B.inspected

C.scrutinized

D.audited

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。scan“瀏覽，掃視”；inspect“檢查，仔細(xì)挑剔”；scrutinize“細(xì)看，仔細(xì)閱讀，仔細(xì)挑剔地檢查”；audit“審計(jì)，查賬”。句意：消防員檢查了廢棄倉(cāng)庫(kù)是否存在潛在的火災(zāi)隱患。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersintheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheels.Itisallverywell,againtohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“Bekindtootherdrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwithdeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgivesrisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadaremainlycausedby

.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule”(Para.A.1)impliesthat_________.

3.By“goodsense”,thewritermeans

.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,______.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.people’sattitudetowardsroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstituteamajorityofmotorists

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultyandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.”可知，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機(jī)的行為導(dǎo)致的。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到如今彬彬有禮的駕車者卻成了例外（Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule），由此可推測(cè)粗魯?shù)乃緳C(jī)占了大多數(shù)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段第一句提到道路禮儀不僅是好的態(tài)度，還是良好的意識(shí)（Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.），接著又提到當(dāng)遇到不文明行為時(shí)，只有頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機(jī)才能抵制報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑（Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior），說(shuō)明良好的意識(shí)就是能夠忍受一些不良的行為，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到專家?guī)啄昵熬透嬲]我們汽車數(shù)量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers），因此選項(xiàng)CB符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話“Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.”一個(gè)資深的司機(jī)，認(rèn)為司機(jī)應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)正確加入交通而不會(huì)造成令人生氣的交通阻塞?？芍?，作者認(rèn)為司機(jī)應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚Y貌。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敵對(duì)的,充滿敵意的；tedious單調(diào)乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.

【答案】當(dāng)確實(shí)存在遭受損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，人們不禁要問(wèn)為什么允許進(jìn)行投機(jī)活動(dòng)。這其中根本的原因是投機(jī)能對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生有益作用。當(dāng)人們預(yù)期商品價(jià)格的上漲速度要超過(guò)市場(chǎng)平衡點(diǎn)時(shí)，就會(huì)買入商品或股票并鼓勵(lì)更多的供應(yīng)商入市。如果價(jià)格的變化滯后，甚至在切實(shí)的商品短缺發(fā)生后，價(jià)格還沒有變化，價(jià)格波動(dòng)可能會(huì)更劇烈和更突然。調(diào)節(jié)性的供應(yīng)行為此時(shí)絲毫不能耽擱。同樣，如果投機(jī)商預(yù)測(cè)到某些商品會(huì)供應(yīng)過(guò)量，這時(shí)他們?nèi)绻u出期貨將有助于在切實(shí)的商品供應(yīng)過(guò)量發(fā)生前將價(jià)格下調(diào)到一定水平。當(dāng)投機(jī)商預(yù)測(cè)到商品會(huì)短缺并通過(guò)競(jìng)標(biāo)抬高價(jià)格時(shí)，他們也在幫助囤積當(dāng)前的商品供應(yīng)。隨著價(jià)格的上漲，人們購(gòu)買的商品量就會(huì)減少；價(jià)格的上漲鼓勵(lì)人們節(jié)約。同樣，降低價(jià)格將會(huì)鼓勵(lì)使用者購(gòu)買更多的商品，進(jìn)而有助于將正在形成供應(yīng)過(guò)量的商品銷售出去。

7.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ingenious有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的；ambitious野心勃勃的，有雄心的；notorious聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的。能修飾directions的只有D項(xiàng)“模糊不清的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：該指示如此模糊不清以致于不可能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

8.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產(chǎn)的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過(guò)去”。句意：由于先前的約會(huì)，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對(duì)。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccomplishedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,sillicons,andplexiglassweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlytheprodigiousassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpenditurethatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpenditureforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,alternately,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudget,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecases,whereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.

42.Itistheauthor’sbelief,asexpressedorimpliedinthepassage,that______.

43.Managementandstockholdersmightbedeeplyconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif______.

44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor______.

45.Theamountofmoneyspentbythefederalgovernmentfornon-militaryresearchandproductdevelopmentis______.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisneitherexpressednorimpliedinthepassage?

47.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto______.

48.Whichofthefollowingbestsupportsthethesisthatindustrialgiantsdonotbestservetoprovidetheinnovationweneedtoimproveourstandardoflivingandprotectourdiminishingresources?

49.Theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Thesentencemeans______.

50.Accordingtotheauthor,theconglomeratesmayspendlargeamountoninnovationbecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.monopolypowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation

B.governmentprotectionformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources

C.industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchange

D.firmswithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theircompanyisfacedwithstrongcompetitioninafieldnotdominatedbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyarepartofthemilitary-industrialcomplexandaretherecipientsoffederalfundsforproductdevelopment

D.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleconfidenceintheabilityofmonopolisticindustrytoproducetheimportantinventionsofthefuture

B.wouldratherseethefederalgovernmentspendmoneyonsocialservicesthanonthedefenseestablishment

C.favorsaconservativeapproachtoinnovationandplacestrustinconglomeratestoprovideefficientproduction

D.whileadmittingthatmorethanhalftheimportantinventionsofthecenturywereproducedbyindependentinventors,feelthatthefutureliesinthehandsofgiantindustry

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.morethan$36billioneachyear

B.approximately$24billioneachyear

C.morethan$18billioneachyear

D.lessthan$12billioneachyear

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Importantinventionshavebeenproduced,inthepast,byindividualsaswellasbycorporateteams.

B.Thefederalgovernment’sresearchfundsarefunneledintopureresearchaswellasmilitaryresearch.

C.Thedevelopmentoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescence.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Morethanhalftheimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.

B.Morethanhalfthegovernmentexpenditureforresearchgoestomilitaryresearch.

C.Themissileindustryisonethatbenefitsfromgovernmentspendingforresearch.

D.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances.

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbecauseofobsolescencebypurposelypreventingtechnologicalprogress

B.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelypromotingtechnologicalprogress

C.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebydeliberatelyspendingmoremoneyontechnologicalprogress

D.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelyinvestingmoremoneyoninnovation

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.theyarecompletelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures

B.theyaresupportiveofinnovation

C.theycanaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneeded

D.they,too,mustcompeteagainstanotherindustrialGoliath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】41.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.41.根據(jù)文章，20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明______。

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopmentA.不一定是政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的結(jié)果

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustriesB.主要來(lái)自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實(shí)驗(yàn)室

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteamsC.至少是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)共同創(chuàng)造的

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomeratesD.對(duì)小公司的影響大于對(duì)大公司的影響

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句“最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)世紀(jì)之交以來(lái)的重要發(fā)明的研究表明，超過(guò)一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于工業(yè)研究組織的個(gè)體發(fā)明者獨(dú)自工作的成果”，和第三句“當(dāng)工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室貢獻(xiàn)了像尼龍和晶體管這樣重要的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，獨(dú)立的發(fā)明家發(fā)明了空調(diào)、自動(dòng)變速器、噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、直升機(jī)、胰島素和鏈霉素。”，可知20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明至少是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)共同創(chuàng)造的，那么C項(xiàng)意思與之相符。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不一定是政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的結(jié)果”，在原文中并沒有提到20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明和政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的關(guān)系，無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“主要來(lái)自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實(shí)驗(yàn)室”與原文不符，超過(guò)一半的發(fā)明是由個(gè)體發(fā)明者研究出來(lái)的，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小公司的影響大于對(duì)大公司的影響”，在原文中說(shuō)的是研究所需的支出，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。

42.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

42.Itistheauthor’sbelief,asexpressedorimpliedinthepassage,that______.42.正如文章中所表達(dá)或暗示的那樣，作者認(rèn)為______。

A.monopolypowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovationA.壟斷力量創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境

B.governmentprotectionformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresourcesB.政府對(duì)軍事研究的保護(hù)將在很大程度上保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源

C.industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangeC.擁有管理機(jī)構(gòu)的工業(yè)巨頭對(duì)技術(shù)變革的反應(yīng)更快

D.firmswithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipmentD.市場(chǎng)份額小的公司將積極追求創(chuàng)新，因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)被束縛在舊的固定設(shè)備中

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“此外，市場(chǎng)份額小的公司將積極追求新技術(shù)和不同的產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樵诠潭ㄔO(shè)備或工廠方面沒有什么既得利益，它不會(huì)阻止對(duì)創(chuàng)新的投資”，可知市場(chǎng)份額小的公司因?yàn)樵谠O(shè)備和工廠方面都沒有既得利益，所以他們不會(huì)阻止對(duì)創(chuàng)新的投資；理解可推斷，市場(chǎng)份額小的公司將積極追求創(chuàng)新，因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)被束縛在設(shè)備和工廠中。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“壟斷力量創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境”在原文第二段提到，但是第二句指出個(gè)體發(fā)明家和小公司無(wú)法承擔(dān)這種創(chuàng)新所需的支出，只有大公司才能負(fù)擔(dān)，但是第三段作者提到大企業(yè)更傾向于保持現(xiàn)狀，所以作者并不