書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)

中國政府已做出了重大的努力，動(dòng)員人民因地制宜地開展改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的工作。我們還要做出更大的努力來提高人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)。需要新聞媒體廣泛宣傳我國的環(huán)境政策，普及環(huán)境知識(shí)，使每一個(gè)人投入保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的行動(dòng)中去。

【答案】TheChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstomobilizepeopletoimproveecologicalenvironmentaccordingtolocalconditions.Wewilldoubleourefforttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.Thenewsmediaareneededtopublicizetheenvironmentalpolicyinourcountry,popularizetheknowledgeaboutenvironment,makingeverycitizentakeanactivepartinecologicalenvironmentprotection.

2.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredtofromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII，morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinwaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I’llneverforgetthescreams.”saysChristaNtilzinann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear;doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater.“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklytheWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings.’’

ThelongsilencethesinkingoftheWilhelmGuslloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslongtroubledhistory,forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutfarmorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans

（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy??

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

C.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

D.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.astrongicestormtiltedship

B.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

C.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarⅡ

C.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

D.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

B.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

C.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklytheWoche.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofFtragedy

B.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

C.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句提到“這是航海史上最大的悲劇，死亡人數(shù)是泰坦尼克號(hào)的六倍”（Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句話提到“一場暴風(fēng)雪將甲板變成了冰封的床單，當(dāng)船傾斜時(shí)，成百上千的家庭滑入了大?！保ˋnicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatseathundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogoclown），選項(xiàng)C“嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的船傾斜向一邊”符合題意。

3.文章第二段最后一句提到“因?yàn)槲覀兊聡艘?fù)責(zé)的罪行太多，所以我們沒有余力去訴說我們自己的苦難”（BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergyleftlotellofourownsufferings），選項(xiàng)B“為他們?cè)诙?zhàn)中的罪行感到愧疚”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句提到“（小說）沒有詳細(xì)敘述船的沉沒，女主人公是一個(gè)懷孕的年輕女性，幸免于難的她后來只是說不管在東德還是西德，沒有人想聽關(guān)于它的事情”（doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到“但是甚至在政治上最正確的德國人也相信他們已經(jīng)贏得了去討論整個(gè)歷史記錄的權(quán)利。不是去拿德國人的苦難與他們導(dǎo)致的受害者的苦難等同起來，而是簡單地承認(rèn)一次可怕的悲劇”（ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Australiaisstrugglingtocopewiththeconsequencesofadevastatingdrought.Astheworldwarmsup,othercountriesshouldpay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heel

B.heal

C.heed

D.head

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。選項(xiàng)中只有heed與pay相搭配，payheed表示“注意；留心”。句意：澳大利亞正在努力應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難性干旱的后果。隨著世界變暖，其他國家也應(yīng)該注意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問記憶是如何進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶的信息是通過感覺儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?！辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f，“大腦有一個(gè)過濾機(jī)制，只允許當(dāng)下有用的刺激通過，傳遞到短時(shí)記憶中?！庇纱丝梢姡x項(xiàng)B“它們從感覺儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域被過濾”是正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干說科學(xué)家認(rèn)為普通人如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住更多的信息？通過題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們?cè)倏吹降诙蔚淖詈笠痪?，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時(shí)間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問題是：作者寫“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說這種類型的記憶一旦被打斷就會(huì)被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個(gè)情景來描述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，他說當(dāng)一個(gè)人在想通過重復(fù)讀來記下一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼時(shí)，如果被門鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會(huì)忘記那個(gè)他一直通過重復(fù)朗讀而記下來的號(hào)碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項(xiàng)就是上文講的重點(diǎn)，因此保留；B項(xiàng)不對(duì)，這個(gè)方法確實(shí)是方法之一，但是文章并沒有說它是最有效的；C項(xiàng)與原文正好相反；D項(xiàng)為無關(guān)項(xiàng)，因此答案為A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問選項(xiàng)正確與否，我們需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看。A項(xiàng)，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因?yàn)橐坏┍淮驍嗑蜔o法記住，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)是無關(guān)項(xiàng)，全文都沒有提過要寫下來信息，因此B錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)是正確的，最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文章只是說多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒有說它是最難的，沒有論據(jù)支持，錯(cuò)誤，答案為C。

5.單選題

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲；扔掉；阻止”；B選項(xiàng)turnoff“關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；使失去興趣”；C選項(xiàng)keepoff“讓開；不接近”；D選項(xiàng)writeoff“注銷；取消；勾銷；報(bào)廢”。句意：毫無疑問，如果當(dāng)?shù)卣诰G化環(huán)境方面投入更多的資金，洪水本可以被阻斷。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“察覺，感知”；B選項(xiàng)deceive“欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想，構(gòu)思，認(rèn)為”；D選項(xiàng)receive“接收”。根據(jù)句意“我察覺到他的腿有點(diǎn)跛，所以我放慢了腳步?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom___round.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldgo

B.hadgone

C.weregoing

D.shouldgo

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：昨晚我病得很厲害，覺得房間里好像在轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知是“我”病得很厲害的這段時(shí)間覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，要用表示過去的時(shí)態(tài)，排除A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，表示發(fā)生主語謂語動(dòng)詞之前，一直延續(xù)到主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生停止，則為先覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，再病得厲害，邏輯不正確；C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)符合原題。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Jack’spersonality.

B.Jack’sappearance.

C.Jack’scareer.

D.Jack’sage.

【答案】D

【解析】8.M:Jenny.IknowyoulikeJackalot.Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim?

W:He’sgentle,patientandmature.Ithinkhe’smyMr.Right.

M:Matureisagoodword.Don’tyouthinkhe’salittleoldforyou?He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.

Q:Whatisthemanconcernedabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男人擔(dān)心什么？由文中“Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim（但你喜歡他哪點(diǎn)呢）”和“He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.（他的年齡比你大一倍）”，推測可知D選項(xiàng)“Jack’sage（杰克的年齡）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“杰克的性格”；B選項(xiàng)“杰克的外表”；C選項(xiàng)“杰克的事業(yè)”不符合原文。

9.單選題

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisenevertobehavelikethatagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的；對(duì)不起的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的；慚愧的”；D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意：他對(duì)自己的行為非?！?，并保證再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保證再也不會(huì)那樣做了。）可知他對(duì)自己的行為表示羞愧，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Theoldbeliefthattheuniverseneverchangesisquitewrong.Evenbeforetheinventionofthetelescope,astronomersnoticedthatbrightstarssuddenlyappearinthesky，andthenlaterdisappear.（1）Infactwenowknowthattheyarereallyoldstarswhichareslowlydying.Arecentcaseofanovaoccurredin1918，andoneofthefewpeoplewhosawthiswastheAmericanastronomerEdwardBarnard.Hewasdrivingalonginacar,occasionallylookingupintothesky.Suddenlyhenoticedastarthathehadneverseenbefore,andexclaimed,“Thatstarshouldnotbethere!”Hewasinfactwatchingtheexplosionofanova.

（2）Astheydoso,theyletouthugecloudsofmaterial.Sometimesaslargeastheearth,andtheseexplodeintospaceataspeedofabout8，000,000kilometersperhour.Whenthishappens,thehotterpartsofthestarbecomevisible,andthisiswhynovaearesobright.Althoughtheexplosionsarehugeonahumanscale,theyonlyconsumeasmallpartofthedyingstar’senergy.（3）Indeed,thereareevensomestarswhichexplodeonceafortnight.

Thereareotheroldstarswhichdonotdieslowly,butarecompletelydestroyedbyonegreatexplosion.（4）Theexplosionofasupernovaisequivalenttoaboutamillion,million,million,millionhydrogenbombsgoingoffatthesametime.Justbeforetheexplosionthestar’sdensitybecomeverygreatanditspinsataveryhighspeed.Amatchboxofmaterialtakenfromthestaratthattimewouldweighabout1,000tons,andthestarwouldbeturningatabout16,000,000kilometersperhour.（5）OnesupernovawhichChineseastronomersobservedin1054canstillbeseenbyustoday.Ithasbeenshiningforatleastninehundredyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】（1）空格處后面一句話有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是infact,”實(shí)際上”的意思，表示與前文（空格處所填入的句子）是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是old的這個(gè)詞，既然前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么空格處會(huì)有一個(gè)與old相反的表述。綜上，Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.符合題意。

（2）空格處位于句首，因此可以考慮是一個(gè)主題句，即后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個(gè)句子展開。因此需要把握整段文字的主要內(nèi)容：講述了一顆新星慢慢衰落的過程，因此Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying符合題意。

（3）空格處前面講述了恒星爆炸，空格處后一句講述的是”甚至有些恒星會(huì)每兩周爆炸一次”，言下之意是有些恒星的爆炸并不是只有一次，可能會(huì)延續(xù)很長時(shí)間，因此Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.符合題意。

（4）空格后的句子提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞supernova，因此，空格處需要將這個(gè)概念引出來。再聯(lián)系空格前一句中的otheroldstars可知Theyareknownas“supernovae.”符合題意。

（5）空格后的句子提到”中國天文學(xué)家在1054年觀測到的一顆超新星至今仍可看見”，這個(gè)例子說明超新星爆炸后仍然可以長時(shí)間發(fā)光，因此Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.符合題意。

11.單選題

Ifyou（）theprincipleofdemocraticgovernmenttoyourfamilyyouwillrunintosomeobviousdifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.track

C.manipulate

D.adapt

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Carry“拿，搬運(yùn)”；track“跟蹤，追蹤”；manipulate“操縱，控制”；adapt“使適應(yīng)”。句意：如果你使民主政府的原則適用于家庭中，那你會(huì)遇到各種明顯的困難。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Sheisaveryoriginalcomedianandcan（

）laughsoutofanyaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffer

B.wring

C.induce

D.infect

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；wring“擰”;induce“誘導(dǎo)；引起”；infect“感染，傳染”。句意：她是一位非常有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的喜劇演員，能讓任何觀眾大笑。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite___asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的（表示對(duì)……的尊重）”；B選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的（受到……的尊敬，語氣程度最深）”；C選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的（被社會(huì)接受的，好的或正確的）”；D選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配的”。句意：鄰居們認(rèn)為他不太___，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)晚上他都會(huì)用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。本句表達(dá)“鄰居認(rèn)為他不太值得尊敬”，不太被鄰居接受，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要各種集中控制的措施，因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

（2）此外，顯而易見，一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān)，而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

（3）由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，世界各地的人們都有了新的需求，接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

（4）在早期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個(gè)世紀(jì)，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

（5）由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移（現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對(duì)容易）引發(fā)的種種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

15.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用，欺騙；centeron集中，以……為中心；overtook趕上，代替，不與on搭配；concentrateon專注于……。句意：霍金拒絕了他的醫(yī)生父親學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的要求，選擇專注于數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

16.單選題

Aftera37-yearadvertisingcareeratYoung&Rubicam,PeterA.Georgescuisfindingtimetopromoteafewcausesthatareasdeartohim.

Mr.Georgescu,66,whooncemanagedwell-knowncampaignslikethe“SofterSideofSears,”retiredaschairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicamin2000,buthesaysheisnowin“themostwonderfulchapterofmylife.”

Itisanaptmetaphorbecausehisbook,TheSourceofSuccess(Jossey-Bass,$27.95)isbeingpublishedthismonth.ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

“Theonlywaythisnationcancompetewiththosethatproducehigh-qualityproductsatalowerpriceisbygeneratingideasthatbuildaspecialrelationshipwithconsumers,”hesaid.“Everyonehasbuildingsandtechnology;thosearecommodities.Theonlyleverageableassetinthefuturewillbecreativity.”

AnyprofitfromhisbookwillgotoacharitycalledBetterChance,whichfindsbrightchildreninsomeofthenation'spoorestneighborhoodsandhelpsthemtoattendoutstandinghighschools,includingprivateprepschoolslikethePhillipsExeterAcademyinNewHampshire.

Mr.Georgescu,anExeteralumnus,receivedabachelor'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromPrincetonandanM.B.A.fromStanfordbeforestartingatYoung&Rubicamin1963.

HesaidhecountedhimselfluckytohavegainedadmissiontoExeterin1954,whenhearrivedintheUnitedStatesattheageof15fromhisnativeRomaniaafterspendingsevenyearsinaCommunistlaborcamp.

“Ihadbeencleaningsewers,andIspokelittleEnglish,butsomeonegavemeachance,”hesaid.“Iwanttodothatforotheryoungpeoplewhoaredisadvantaged.”

HealsovolunteersasaboardmemberoftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Inthebusinessworld,heholdsthetitleofchairmanemeritusofYoung&Rubicamandservesasadirectorforseveralcompanies.

Heandhiswife,Barbara,liveinManhattanandhaveasonandthreegranddaughters.Herisesat6a.m.mostdaystorunfivemiles,partlyalongtheEastRiver.

“That'showItorturemyself,”hesaid.

1.Fromthefirst3paragraphsweknowthatMr.Georgescuis（）.

2.WhatareMr.GeorgescuviewsaboutthemajorchallengesfacingAmerica?

3.AccordingtoMr.Georgescu,thefutureofeconomiccompetitionliesin（）.

4.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“Exeter”(Line1,Para.6)isthenameof（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anauthor

B.anadvertiser

C.theauthorofthe“SofterSideofSears”

D.chairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicam

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ChinaandIndia.

B.Competitionandcreativity.

C.Competitionfromtheemergingeconomies.

D.AneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.goodideas

B.consumers

C.commodities

D.creativity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ahighschool

B.acharity

C.asmalltown

D.arefugeeshelter

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AManager’s37-yearAdvertisingCareer

B.TheSourceofSuccess

C.TwoMajorChallengesFacingAmerica

D.AGratefulStudentReturnstheFavor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第一段提及，作者曾經(jīng)是一名廣告商，而題干問的是現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；“SofterSideofSears”是一場活動(dòng)不是書名，選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D同樣也是他過去的職位，所以不正確。原文第三段提及，他的新書《成功之源》即將出版，由此可知，他是一名作者，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.這本書的目的是解釋Georgescu所認(rèn)為的美國面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)：來自中國和印度等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭，以及培養(yǎng)美國公司更多創(chuàng)造力的需要?！焙喍灾?，也就是競爭和創(chuàng)造力。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段的內(nèi)容，Mr.Georgescu認(rèn)為美國要想與那些以較低價(jià)格生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的國家競爭，唯一的辦法就是想出與消費(fèi)者建立特殊關(guān)系的點(diǎn)子。大家都有建筑和技術(shù)；這些都是商品。未來唯一可以利用的資產(chǎn)將是創(chuàng)造力。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.詞義推斷題。上文提及“‘更好機(jī)會(huì)’的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助一些貧困社區(qū)里聰明的孩子上優(yōu)秀的高中，包括新罕布什爾的菲利普斯?？巳貙W(xué)院等私立預(yù)科學(xué)校?！庇纱丝芍?，“Exeter”指的是高中學(xué)校，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是圍繞著Mr.Georgescu的新書《成功之源》展開，所以選項(xiàng)B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

17.單選題

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga’’donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyaresticking