書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內蒙古工業(yè)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.

2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.

ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.

WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.

OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.

Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.

TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應用中發(fā)展最快的一個領域采用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術開發(fā)企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡。全世界許多政府部門和商業(yè)機構正加快步伐，創(chuàng)建基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡，允許它們推銷秘密的“內聯(lián)網(wǎng)”。

（2）“內聯(lián)網(wǎng)”是一個時髦術語，指用發(fā)展迅速、相對廉價的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術開發(fā)企業(yè)信息和通訊系統(tǒng)。內聯(lián)網(wǎng)一般包含兩種重要的軟件：瀏覽器和服務器。前者允許用戶瀏覽網(wǎng)絡以獲取有用信息，后者儲存并整理信息。

（3）例如，摩根斯坦利金融公司和特納廣播公司成功地完成了各自的內聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些內聯(lián)網(wǎng)使兩家公司的雇員共享信息，共同承擔項目并創(chuàng)建遍及各大洲的、效果明顯的工作組。

（4）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必然會改變我們的社區(qū)意識并消除以往跟地理疆界聯(lián)系在一起的種種限制?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)和內聯(lián)網(wǎng)給個人和企業(yè)帶來機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，這些網(wǎng)絡獎賞有能力和遠見的人利用自己的權力，在種種局限發(fā)生時，能找到克服局限性的方案。

2.單選題

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.

問題1選項

A.restless

B.ceaseless

C.available

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不斷的”；available“可獲得的”；versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：為了修復谷倉，建造柵欄，種植作物和照顧動物，農民需要學會各種技能。選項D符合題意。

3.問答題

However,politicalscientistsmostfrequentlyhavearguedthattheymustsetasidebothfortuneandvirtue,andinsteadfocusonimpersonalforcesasthecausesofinternationalevents.Theirreasonsfordoingsofallunderthreerubrics.First,manypoliticalscientistscontendthatindividualsultimatelydonotmatter,oratleasttheycountforlittleinthemajoreventsthatshapeinternationalpolitics.Insteadtheyarguethattheroaroftheanarchicsystem,domesticpolitics,andinstitutionaldynamicsdrownoutthesmallvoicesofindividualleaders.Second,otherpoliticalscientistspositthatalthoughindividualsmaymatterfromtimetotime,theirinfluencedoesnotlenditselftothegeneralizationsthatpoliticalscientistsseek.Simplyput,individualsaretooindividualistic.Third,severalleadinginternationalrelationstheoristshaveraisedanumberofspecificobjectionsthattheyarguerenderthestudyofindividualstheoreticallyhopeless.

Webelievethatpoliticalscientistsaresimultaneouslytoomodestandtooarrogantintheseclaims.Toomodestbecausepoliticalscientistsneednotthrowuptheirhandsandbelievethattheyhavenothingusefultosayabouttheroleofindividualsininternationalrelations.Thetheoreticalobjectionsraisedovertheyearsdonotstandupundercloserexaminationandshouldnotpreventusfromminingthisrichore.Tooarrogantbecausetoomanypoliticalscientistsimplyorassertthattheimpersonalforcesonwhichtheyfocustheirattentionexplainthevastmajorityofeventsininternationalrelations.Insodoing,theymarginalizethecrucialimpactofindividualsonwaranddiplomacyandneglecttheyextenttowhichsocialsciencecanteaseoutusefulgeneralizationsregardingtheroleplayedbyindividuals.

Itistimetorescuemenandwomen,asindividuals,fromtheobliviontowhichpoliticalscientistshaveconsignedthem.Thisarticleisnotintendedasacomprehensiveaccountoftheimportanceofindividualssuchaneffortwouldrequiretheworkofmanylifetimesbutitisintendedtoquestionscholars’currentassumptionsaboutinternationalpoliticsandshowtheplausibilityofanalyzinginternationalrelationsbyfocusingontheroleofindividuals.

Whatistheimpactofindividualsoninternationalrelations?Whataspectsofstatebehaviordotheyaffect?Underwhatconditionsaretheyinfluential?Thesearethequestionsthisarticleseekstoanswer.Wecontendthatthegoals,abilities,andfoiblesofindividualsarecrucialtotheintentions,capabilities,andstrategiesofastate.Indeedindividualsnotonlyaffecttheactionsoftheirownstatebutalsoshapethereactionsofothernations,whichmustrespondtotheaspirations,abilities,andaggressivenessofforeignleaders.Ofcourse,individualsmattermoretointernationalrelationsundercertaincircumstances.Individualpersonalitiestakeonaddedsignificancewhenpowerisconcentratedinthehandsofaleader,wheninstitutionsareinconflict,orintimesofgreatchange.Individualsalsoshapemanyofthedriversidentifiedbyothertheorists,suchasthebalanceofpower,domesticopinion,andbureaucraticpolitics.Theseparadigmssufferwhenindividualsareignored.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“theroaroftheanarchicsystem,domesticpolitics,andinstitutionaldynamicsdrownoutthesmallvoicesofindividualleaders”inthefirstparagraph?

3.Explain“Simplyput,individualsaretooindividualistic”inyourownwords.

4.Whatdoes“thisrichore”refertointhesecondparagraph?

5.Describethemajorgoalofthearticleinyourownwords.

【答案】1.Itaimstoexplainthereasonswhypoliticalscientistsignoretheimapctofindividualsoninternationalrelations.

2.Theauthormeansthatmanypoliticalscientistsbelievethattheanarchicsystem,domesticpoliticsandinstitutionaldynamicsmatterinthemajoreventsthatshapeinternationalpolitics.

3.Itmeanspeopletendtobeself-interestedandonlyfocusontheirownbenefitsratherthanoverallinterests.

4.Itreferstotheimpactofindividualsoninternationalrelations.

5.Themajorgoalofthispassageistodrawattentiontotheroleofindividualsininternationalrelations.

4.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點】時態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動詞要用原形；主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時wassaid，而base這個動作應該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A項不符合固定搭配；

C、D項不符合時態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

5.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要進行大的思考，耗費大量的吋間并付出巨大努力。

考查形容詞辨析。significant有重大意義的，顯著的；enormous巨大的，龐大的：considerable相當多（或大、重要等）的；numerous眾多的，許多的,—般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。故選C。

6.單選題

DukeEllington’s（）orchestrationtechniquesmadehimperhapsthemostremarkableartistthatjazzhasproduced.

問題1選項

A.melodious

B.lyrical

C.intricate

D.clever

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項melodious“悅耳的，旋律優(yōu)美的”；B選項lyrical“抒情詩調的，感情豐富的”；C選項intricate“復雜的，錯綜的”；D選項clever“聰明的”。句意：艾靈頓公爵優(yōu)美的管弦樂編曲技巧使他成為爵士樂中最杰出的藝術家。本句表示管弦樂的編曲旋律優(yōu)美。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Thefarmersreceiveda（

）fromthegovernmenttogrowhiscrop.

問題1選項

A.subsidy

B.subsidiary

C.subordinate

D.successor

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項subsidy“補貼”；B選項subsidiary“輔助者”；C選項subordinate“下屬，下級”；D選項successor“繼承者”。句意：農民們從政府那里得到了補貼來種植作物。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Thestate,afterall,has4.3millionregisteredDemocrats,a(an)________1.1millionedgeoverRepublicans.

問題1選項

A.marginal

B.astounding

C.amusing

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.marginal微不足道的，邊緣的B.astounding令人震驚的，使大吃一驚的

C.amusing有趣的，好笑的D.critical關鍵的，重要的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】anedgeoversb./sth.是固定搭配，意為“多出，具有優(yōu)勢”，空格處作定語修飾下文的“1.1millionedge（多出110萬名）”，結合前半句句意“畢竟（afterall），該州擁有430萬名登記在冊的民主黨人（4.3millionregisteredDemocrats）”可知，此處應該是通過指出民主黨人比共和黨人多110萬名的事實，進一步強調民主黨人數(shù)之多，110萬是一個龐大的數(shù)字，說明兩黨人數(shù)差距之大，令人吃驚。astounding指驚訝到難以置信，因此B選項astounding“令人震驚的，使大吃一驚的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項marginal“微不足道的，邊緣的”指處于邊緣，幅度、范圍小，故價值或重要性不大，與題干語義相矛盾，應該是“優(yōu)勢很大”而不是“優(yōu)勢很小”；

C選項amusing“有趣的，好笑的”指引起笑聲或享受，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項critical“關鍵的，重要的”指非常重要，將影響到未來的形勢，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】畢竟，該州擁有430萬名登記在冊的民主黨人，比共和黨人多出驚人的110萬名。

9.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國進行核實驗，也不（

）

實驗結果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

10.單選題

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

問題1選項

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：政府（）在所有車中使用安全帶。

prevail勝過，獲勝，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑釁；mediate調解，斡旋，居中；man-date授權，托管，強制。D選項“強制”符合句意。

11.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項“低于商人的預期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“他認為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設計和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對一個經(jīng)濟的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個方面的貢獻……，根據(jù)C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機械的方式進行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉向新的市場或改善產(chǎn)品質量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegovernmentwillprosecutethoseindividualswhounlawfullypossess（）material.

問題1選項

A.classified

B.bizarre

C.personal

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。classified“分類的；機密的”；bizarre“奇異的”；personal“個人的”；legitimate“合法的”；句意：政府將起訴那些非法占有……材料的個人。因此A選項符合題意。

13.翻譯題

什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都對它作出過不少的論述。幸福是一種心境、一種感覺，是心里欲望得到滿足時的狀態(tài)，是感到生活有巨大樂趣并自然而然地希望它持續(xù)久遠的愉快心情。有些人窮其一生卻找不到幸福，而有些人則時刻被幸福光環(huán)所圍繞。這是因為幸福的人有一顆感知幸福的心，有一雙善于發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福的眼睛。對于這樣的人，一切都顯得美好。房后清風做琴，檐下雨露為弦，屋頂鳥啾如歌，天上月光當酒。幸福簡單又深奧，玄妙又簡潔。所以要想得到幸福就要有一種如水心態(tài)，在平淡中尋找幸福，在細微中品味幸福。幸福有時就是一個分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫過于減少分母，增加分子。

【答案】Whatishappiness?Manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussionaboutitatalltimes.Happinessisakindofmood,afeeling,astatewhendesiresintheheartissatisfied,orahappymoodwhichfeelsthegreatjoyoflifeandhopesthatitcanlastforalongtimenaturally.Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesbutcannotfindhappiness,whileothersarealwayssurroundedbyit.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveaheartwhichcanperceivehappiness,andapairofeyeswhichisgWhatishappiness?Ancientandmodern,manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussiononit.Happinessisamood,afeeling,astateofmindinwhichthedesiresoftheheartaresatisfied,ajoyfulmoodinwhichonefeelsthatlifehasgreatpleasuresandnaturallywantsthemtolast.Somepeoplegothroughlifewithoutfindinghappiness,whileothersaresurroundedbyahaloofhappiness.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveahearttoperceivehappiness,andapairofeyesgoodatfindinghappiness.Fortheseperson,alliswell.Behindthehouse,windasalyre;undertheeaves,rainanddewasastring;ontheroof,birdstweetlikeasong;andinthesky,moonlightaswine.Happinessissimpleandprofound,mysteriousandconcise.Soifyouwanttogethappiness,youshouldhaveamentalitylikewater,lookingforhappinessintheplain,andtastinghappinessinthesubtle.Happinessissometimesafraction,desireisthedenominator,whilegainsisthenumerator.Ifyouwantmorehappiness,thebestwayistoreducethedenominatorandincreasethenumerator.

14.單選題

Perfectcertaintybelongsonlytothegods；therestofushavetomakedowithscienceandits（）.

問題1選項

A.imperfections

B.conclusions

C.methodologies

D.hyperbole

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：完美只屬于上帝，其余的我們必須用科學彌補。imperfections不完美；conclusions結論；methodologies方法論；hyperbole夸張。故選A。

15.單選題

Onecannotbereallyhappyif（

）heenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.

問題1選項

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.where

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句連接詞的用法。句意：一個人如果喜歡做的事被社會認為沒有價值而被忽略的話，他不會真的快樂。分析句子可知空格處要填入一個引導主語從句的連詞，選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Itisnotforbiddentodreamofbuildingabetterworld,whichisbyandlargewhatthesocialsciencestrytohelpustodo.Howtomakecitiesmoreharmonious,reducecrimerates,improvewelfare,overcomeracism,increaseourwealth—thisisthestuffofsocialsciences.Thetroubleisthatthefindingsofsocialsciencesareoftendismissedasbeingtootheoretical,tooambitiousortoounpalatable.Themethodsofresearcharealsooftenattackedfortheirlackofrigor,andcriticsarequicktopointoutthatthepeoplewhomaketheimportantdecisionspaylittleattentiontowhatsocialscientistshavetosayanyway.Thiswouldchangeifthesocialsciencesmadethemselvesmorerelevantandreadyforthesocietyofthe21stcentury.

Socialsciencesbegantotakeshapeinthe19thcentury,butcameintotheirownatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenanumberofwell-establisheddisciplines,includingeconomics,sociology,politicalscience,historyandanthropologyreallymadetheirmark.Geographyandpsychologycouldbeaddedtothatlist.However,onlysociology,politicalscienceandeconomicshavesucceededinconsolidatingtheirpositioninthesocialsciencesmainstream.Theotherswerevirtuallyallmarginalized.Moreover,powerfulinstitutionalbarriersnowseparatethevariousdisciplines.

Hardlytherightatmosphereinwhichtogrowanddealwiththeharshcriticismwhichthesocialscienceshavecomeinforfrommanyquarters,includinggovernmentsandinternationalcommissions.Radicalmeasuresarenowbeingsuggestedtoturnthingsround,fromhowtoawarduniversitychairs,tosettingsyllabiandraisingfunds.

Theneedforde-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplinesconcernsallofthesocialsciences,thoughperhapseconomicsmostofall.Onlyithasacquiredadominantpositioninmanagementandpublicaffairs.Somewouldsayithasfallenundertheswayof“unitarythinking”,withlittleroomfordebate,forexample,onthequestionofdebtreductionormonetarytightness.Moreover,manypeopledonotbelievethateconomicscienceformspartofsocialsciencesatall.Thisisasomewhatproblematicpositiontouphold,particularlyaseconomicdevelopmentsarelargelydeterminedbypolitical,socialandculturalfactors.Yet,economistsoftenhavedifficultyunderstandingortakingsuchfactorsintoaccount.Thishaslefteconomicsexposedtoattack,forexample,overitsprescriptionsfordevelopmentanditsanalysisofevents,suchasthecausesoftheAsiancrisis.Tomany,economicsreliestooheavilyonhypotheticalandsometimesunrealisticassumptions.

Cansocialsciencesbouncebackandassertthemselvesinthe21stcentury?Wewillprobablynotbeabletotellforafewdecades,sincethewaysinwhichsocietiesanalyzethemselvesdevelopveryslowly.Afterall,thesocialsciencesarerarelygiventosuddendiscoveriesandheadlinebreakthroughslikesomeothersciences.Whatismore,socialsciencesmaycontinuetofacethestoutresistanceofestablishedinstitutionsdefendingtheirownterritoryandopposinginnovationandchange.Coulditbethatsociety,whichbydefinitionseeksstability,hasanin-builtresistancetowardsindulginginanyformofself-analysis?Fewpeoplehaveanappetiteforhardtruth.Butperhapsintheinformationageandinthedematerializedeconomyoftheknowledgeworld,allthatcouldchange.Perhapssocietywilldiscoverapressingneedtoknowitselfmuchbetter,ifonlytosurvive.Socialscienceswillthenhaveadifferentstatus.

1.Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.

2.Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.

3.Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.

4.Amongthesocialsciences,economics,theauthormaintains____.

5.Thesocialscience,intheauthor’sopinion,____.

問題1選項

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresults

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancy

C.theiremphasisonsocialissues

D.beingEmilydismissed

問題2選項

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplines

B.becameimportantintheirownright

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblems

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedout

問題3選項

A.reducesegmentation

B.createanewstrength

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciences

D.doalloftheabove

問題4選項

A.shouldnotberegardedaspartofthesocialsciences

B.countenancesdebate

C.iscrucialforrationalandcomprehensivesolutions

D.isespeciallylimited

問題5選項

A.addressthehopesandfearsofhumans

B.oftenhavefindingsopposedtogovernmentorganizations

C.offerunpalatableadvice

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.社會科學因____而被批評。

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresultsA.它們的研究方法和研究結果

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancyB.它們的研究方法、研究結果以及它們的不相干性

C.theiremphasisonsocialissuesC.它們對社會問題的強調

D.beingstronglydismissedD.完全不被理會

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞arecriticizedfor定位到原文第一段。本段第三句提到“問題在于，社會科學的發(fā)現(xiàn)（thefindings）往往被認為太理論化、太雄心勃勃或太令人不快而不予理會?！钡谒木涮岬健把芯糠椒ǎ═hemethods）也經(jīng)常因為不夠嚴謹而受到攻擊?！钡谒?、五句提到“做出重要決定的人很少關注社會科學家的觀點。如果社會科學能讓自己更貼近21世紀的社會，并做好準備，這種情況就會改變?！庇纱丝芍鐣茖W常常因其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)、研究方法，以及不貼近社會實際而被批評。因此，B選項“它們的研究方法、研究結果以及它們的不相干性”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它們的研究方法和研究結果”，忽略了“不貼近社會實際”，該選項屬于以偏概全；

C選項“它們對社會問題的強調”，原文雖然提到了社會問題是社會科學的研究內容，但是這并不是社會科學被批評的原因，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“完全不被理會”，原文雖然提到社會科學的發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常不被理會，但“不被理會”并不是社會科學被批評的原因，該選項屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.短語“cameintotheirown”的意思是____。

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplinesA.凌駕于其他學科之上

B.becameimportantintheirownrightB.自己本身變得很重要

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblemsC.形成了它們自己的一系列問題

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedoutD.從其他學科發(fā)展而來，但發(fā)展了分支

【答案】B

【考查點】詞匯推測題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞cameintotheirown定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“社會科學在19世紀初具規(guī)模，但在20世紀初才____，當時包括經(jīng)濟學、社會學、政治學、歷史學和人類學在內的一些成熟學科真正取得了成就（reallymadetheirmark）?！庇纱丝芍?，根據(jù)事情的發(fā)展邏輯，社會科學在19世紀初具規(guī)模之后，到20世紀真正發(fā)展起來。后文“經(jīng)濟學、社會學、政治學、歷史學和人類學”這些都是社會科學，根據(jù)“真正取得了成就”可以推測，社會科學變得重要了，另外，cameintotheirown的本義是“成為它們自己”。因此，B選項“自己本身變得很重要”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“凌駕于其他學科之上”，原文并未將社會科學和其他學科進行比較，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“形成了它們自己的一系列問題”，原文講的是社會科學的發(fā)展，而不是“問題”，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“從其他學科發(fā)展而來，但發(fā)展了分支”，原文提到的都是社會科學的內容，沒有其他學科，該選項屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.作者的建議是社會科學需要____。

A.reducesegmentationA.減少分割

B.createanewstrengthB.創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciencesC.減少關于社會科學的爭論

D.doalloftheaboveD.以上都是

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Theadviceoftheauthor定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“打破學科間的分界，建立學科間關系的新秩序（d