書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hedoesnothingthatviolatestheinterestsofthecollective.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。violate“違反；侵犯，妨礙”，A選項(xiàng)runfor“競(jìng)選；匆匆去?。悔s緊去請(qǐng)”；B選項(xiàng)“runagainst撞上；偶遇；違反”；C選項(xiàng)“runover輾過；匆匆看；復(fù)查”；D選項(xiàng)“runinto遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇見”。句意：他不做任何違背集體利益的事。根據(jù)句中“theinterestsofthecollective集體的利益”可知violate在這里的意思為“違反”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據(jù)第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動(dòng)物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區(qū)有些不同，那里更干燥?！笨梢酝浦狝項(xiàng)動(dòng)植物生長(zhǎng)模式‘’符合其特征。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是相對(duì)肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾髞?lái)不同尋常的一妻多夫制的出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了影響”可知，可知C選項(xiàng)‘典型的藏族社會(huì)家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項(xiàng)都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)只造成該地區(qū)居民所面臨的一些問題，而一種文化所面臨的問題雖然對(duì)其發(fā)展很重要，但并不能決定它的發(fā)展?！赋錾鷳B(tài)會(huì)影響但不決定人文風(fēng)氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點(diǎn)說(shuō)，由于土地的嚴(yán)酷條件，已經(jīng)存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強(qiáng)和保護(hù)(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質(zhì)更強(qiáng)的原因因素都?xì)w罪于生態(tài)影響，那肯定是言過其實(shí)了?！闭劶爱?dāng)?shù)匾黄薅喾蛑频纳鐣?huì)組織結(jié)構(gòu)可能受到生態(tài)該環(huán)境的影響。因此，可推知A選項(xiàng)“分析青藏地區(qū)生態(tài)和社會(huì)之間的可能因果聯(lián)系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對(duì)西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經(jīng)歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點(diǎn)，因此，作者對(duì)青藏高原的了解是C選項(xiàng)‘源于書本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪項(xiàng)最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤的觀點(diǎn)作為文化決定因素?！币虼?，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環(huán)境決定論支持者，即外部環(huán)境決定人文風(fēng)氣’，C選項(xiàng)“在共享土地和氣候的同一個(gè)地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點(diǎn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動(dòng)植物群可以成為大陸性的動(dòng)植物群，是因?yàn)槭裁矗俊鶕?jù)第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結(jié)束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數(shù)種類的生物。”所以，它們被稱為大陸性動(dòng)植物群是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)‘它們?cè)瓉?lái)是在大陸性氣候中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的’。

3.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識(shí)，一致”，B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項(xiàng)contention“爭(zhēng)論，觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們?cè)絹?lái)越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?Manyhistorians,1tothinkofEurope2thecenteroftheworld,datethewarfrom1September1939whenGermanyattackedPolanD.Thisisnotan3thatwouldsatisfytheAbyssiniansortheChineseforwhomthewarbeganearlier.ItwouldnotsatisfytheRussiansandAmericansforwhomthewarbeganlater.In4casethisEuropeanwar5endedinJune1940withGermany6theentireContinentwestofRussiA.Ifaformaldeclarationofwar7thestartingpoint,theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou.ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan8oftheKiangsiSoviet.Ifwewait9thewarwasbeingfoughtineverycontinentexceptthetwoAmericas,thedate10be1942oreven1944.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concede

B.conceal

C.conditioned

D.considered

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.to

C.with

D.in

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.answer

B.advice

C.affection

D.assertion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.any

B.both

C.either

D.neither

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.finally

B.eventually

C.ultimately

D.virtually

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.dominated

B.dominating

C.beingdominated

D.havingbeendominated

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.symbolizes

B.marks

C.implies

D.remarks

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.withthetitle

B.withthestatus

C.inthename

D.indesignation

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.if

B.since

C.after

D.until

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.would

B.should

C.must

D.may

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)；退讓；給予，容許；讓步”；B選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；C選項(xiàng)conditioned“決定；使適應(yīng)；使健康；以……為條件”；D選項(xiàng)considered“考慮；認(rèn)為；考慮到；細(xì)想”。根據(jù)上下文判斷出此處表達(dá)“認(rèn)為”，故D項(xiàng)最符合。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“thecenteroftheworld”可知此處想表達(dá)的是“認(rèn)為歐洲是世界的中心”,故as最為準(zhǔn)確。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?”這個(gè)問句，可以判斷出此處答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)answer“回答”。B選項(xiàng)advice“建議”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)assertion“斷言，聲明；主張，要求；堅(jiān)持；認(rèn)定”。

4.考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)inanycase“不管怎樣；總之；在任何情況下”；B選項(xiàng)inbothcase“在兩種情況下”；C選項(xiàng)ineithercase“不論發(fā)生何種情況”；D選項(xiàng)inneithercase“在兩種情況下都不”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，可知A為正確答案。

5.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)finally表達(dá)經(jīng)過一長(zhǎng)段時(shí)間（通常是指經(jīng)歷了困難和滯遲），表示“終于……”；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最終”含有時(shí)間因素，表示目前還未發(fā)生，但終將發(fā)生；C選項(xiàng)ultimately“最終”除了包含時(shí)間因素外，還有狀態(tài)順序，表示最基本因素；D選項(xiàng)virtually“事實(shí)上，幾乎；實(shí)質(zhì)上”。根據(jù)下文“endedinJune1940”及詞義判斷出答案為A。

6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。dominate意為控制，結(jié)合上文ended的時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去，可知A為正確答案。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)symbolize“象征；用符號(hào)表現(xiàn)；采用象征；使用符號(hào)；作為……的象征”；B選項(xiàng)mark“標(biāo)志；做標(biāo)記于；打分?jǐn)?shù)”；C選項(xiàng)imply“意味；暗示；隱含”；D選項(xiàng)remark“評(píng)論；覺察”。根據(jù)下文“theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou”可知空格處應(yīng)為“象征、代表”，因此A最合適。

8.考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)withthetitleof“標(biāo)題為”；B選項(xiàng)withthestatusof“以……的地位”；C選項(xiàng)inthenameof“以……的名義”；D選項(xiàng)indesignationof“指定”。theKiangsiSoviet意為“中華蘇維埃共和國(guó)”，根據(jù)上下文“ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan28oftheKiangsiSoviet”以及句意判斷出正確答案為C。

9.考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。until引導(dǎo)從句，waituntil表示直到；等到；等待某個(gè)條件滿足；留待；一直等到，符合句意“IfwewaituntilthewarwasbeingfoughtineverycontinentexceptthetwoAmericas...”,中文翻譯為：如果我們等到除了兩個(gè)美洲以外的所有大陸都在打仗。因此答案為D

10.考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。此處是if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，真實(shí)條件句一般遵循主將從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)（情指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）、主祈從現(xiàn)（祈指祈使句）等原則。因此可知D為正確答案。

5.單選題

ThelargetowersoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridgewerenotencasedinmasonrybutwereleftexposedtorevealtheirhandsomesteelstructure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harsh

B.hoarse

C.good-looking

D.flagrant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)讨稳A盛頓大橋的橋塔并沒有采用磚石結(jié)構(gòu)，而是直接將塔身暴露在外，顯示出它……鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。harsh“嚴(yán)酷的”；hoarse“嘶啞的”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant“駭人聽聞的”。根據(jù)“steelstructure”可以推測(cè)出handsome的意思是“雄偉的”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

（）thisdulllife,thefull-timemomdecidedtofindapart-timejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tiedupwith

B.Fedupwith

C.Wrappedupin

D.Piledupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)tiedupwith“和……有密切關(guān)系”，B項(xiàng)fedupwith“受夠了；極厭惡”，C項(xiàng)wrappedupin“醉心于……的；全心照料……的”，D項(xiàng)piledupwith“堆滿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dulllife（沉悶的生活）可知，空格處填入“厭倦”最合適。句意：厭倦了這種枯燥的生活，全職媽媽決定找一份兼職工作。因此，該題B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)increase“增加”；B選項(xiàng)prolongation“延伸”；C選項(xiàng)expansion“闡述”；D選項(xiàng)growth“成長(zhǎng)”。句意：未來(lái)的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長(zhǎng)人類的壽命?選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theexplosionofastarisanawesomeevent.Themostviolentofthesecataclysms,whichproducesupernovae,probablydestroysastarcompletely.Withinourgalaxyofroughly100billionstarsthelastsupernovawasobservedin1604.Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.Ontheorderof25novaeoccurinourgalaxyeveryyear,butonlytwoorthreearenearenoughtobeobserved.About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.Iftheexplodingstarisinanearbypartofthegalaxy,itmaycreatea“newstar”thatwasnotpreviouslyvisibletothenakedeye.ThelastnewstarofthissortthatcouldbeobservedclearlyfromtheNorthernHemisphereappearedin1946.Inthesesmallerexplosionsthestarlosesonlyaminutefractionofitsmassandsurvivestoexplodeagain.

Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle.Ishalldescriberecentinvestigationsthathaveprovidedimportantnewinformationaboutthesetwoclassesofexplodingstar.Thepicturethatemergesisquiteastonishing.Itappearsthateverydwarfnova—andperhapseverynova—isamemberofapairofstars.Thetwostarsaresoclosetogetherthattheyrevolvearoundapointthatliesbarelyoutsidethesurfaceofthelargerstar.Asaresulttheperiodofrotationisusuallyonlyafewhoursandtheirvelocitiesrangeupwardtowithinatwo-hundredththespeedoflight.

Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupemovae.Acataclysmicvariableisdefinedasastarthatsuddenlyandunpredictablyincreasesinbrightnessbyafactorofatleast10.Dwarfnovaearestarsthatincreaseinbrightnessbyafactorof10too100withinaperiodofseveralhoursanddeclinetotheirformerbrightnessintwoorthreedays.Inthisperiodtheyemitsome1038to1039ergsofenergy.Atmaximumbrillianceadwarfnovashinesaboutasintenselyasoursun;previouslyithadbeenonlyaboutahundredthasbright.Thenumberofoutburstsrangesanywherefrom3to30ayear,butforanystartheintervalshaveafairlyconstantvalue.Moreover,themaximumbrightnessfromoutbursttooutburstisthesamewithinafactoroftwoforagivenstar.Thedwarfnovaeareoftenreferredto,aftertheirprototypes,asUGeminorumorSSCygnistars.(Thestarsofeachconstellationaredesignatedbylettersornumbers.)Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thereasonwhydwarfnovaeexplodeis

（

）.

3.Itislikelythatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorwilldiscuss（

）.

4.ItcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphofthepassagethatZCamelopardalisstarsare

（

）.

5.Astronomersareacquaintedwithapproximately（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CataclysmicVariables

B.ExplodingStars

C.MiraclesintheSkies

D.OurExpandingUniverse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thattheyemittremendousamountsofenergy

B.acataclysmicvariable

C.thattheyaretwinstars

D.notknown

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecharacteristicsoftheexplosionofanova

B.supernovae

C.oursunasadwarfnova

D.howthetwinstarsrevolve

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.supemovae

B.atminimumbrillianceforseveralmonths

C.belongingtoitssubgroupofadwarfnovaefamily

D.atmaximumbrillianceforalongertimethanotherstars

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.100dwarfnovae

B.35novae

C.10novae

D.3to30novaeayear

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.”指出星體的爆炸及其產(chǎn)生的其他不同的星體——矮新星、新星和超新星。文章隨后介紹了天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)這些爆炸星體的觀察結(jié)果，并且天體物理學(xué)家將這三類爆炸的星體統(tǒng)稱為激變形變光星，最后文章對(duì)其中的矮新星進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。所以答案為B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第二段中“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家都相當(dāng)滿意，他們可以解釋超新星的爆炸。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問“在這篇文章之后的段落中作者將會(huì)探討？”定位到最后一段，“Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupernovae.”天文學(xué)家使用“災(zāi)變變量”一詞來(lái)概括爆炸恒星的三大類:矮新星、新星和超新星?！痹俳Y(jié)合前文中的“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupenovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)他們能解釋超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎。”既然物理學(xué)家對(duì)超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意，可推知接下來(lái)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)探討有關(guān)超新星的問題。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段中“Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.矮新星的子群，稱為Z鹿豹座恒星,其亮度不總是在爆發(fā)的間隙下降至最低，但或許在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里保持中等水平。可知C項(xiàng)“屬于矮新星科的一個(gè)亞群”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中“About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.已知的矮新星總共有大約100顆”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thechildrenwere___bythetoysinthebigdepartmentstoreduringtheChristmasseason.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleased

B.fascinated

C.enjoyed

D.alarmed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pleased請(qǐng)；使喜歡；使高興；使?jié)M意B.fascinated著迷；陶醉

C.enjoyed喜愛D.alarmed驚恐；恐慌

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，孩子們被櫥窗里的玩具所吸引。空格處填動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式。Bedoneby。B選項(xiàng)fascinate“著迷，陶醉”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“被吸引”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】這里考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式。

A選項(xiàng)是被玩具感到高興，不符合邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)被玩具喜愛，不符合邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)驚恐不符合句意。

【句意】圣誕節(jié)期間，孩子們被大百貨公司的玩具迷住了。

10.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Allrespondentswereafraidofmakingahighexpenseclaim.

B.Anumberofrespondentsgaveanaverageanswerof400miles.

C.Over10%oftherespondentsliedaboutthedistancetheydrove.

D.Mostoftherespondentsgotcompensatedfordriving384miles.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrespondedtocolleagues’suspicion.

B.Theycaredaboutotherpeople’sclaims.

C.Theywantedtoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Theyendeavoredtoactuallybehonest.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyseempositive.

B.Theyareintuitive.

C.Theyareillustrative.

D.Theyareconclusive.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

Now,believeitornot.Peoplesometimeslieinordertomaintainagood,honestreputation—evenifithurtsthemtodoso.Atleast,thisiswhatateamofscientistsissuggesting,withevidencetoproveit.

Picturethisscenario:Youoftendriveforworkandcanbecompensatedforupto400milespermonth.Mostpeopleatyourcompanydriveabout300mileseachmonth.Butthismonth,youdrove400miles.Howmanymilesdoyouthinkyou’dclaiminyourexpensereport?

Thescientistsaskedthisexactquestionaspartofthestudywe’rediscussingtoday.Withsurprisingresults,[19]theyfoundthat12%ofrespondentsreportedthedistancetheydroveaslessthantheactualfigure,givinganaverageanswerof384miles.Inotherwords,theyliedabouttheirnumberofmiles,eventhoughtheywouldforfeitmoneytheywereowed.

Theresearchersbelievethiswastoseemhonest,withtheassumptionbeingthatotherswouldbesuspiciousofahighexpenseclaim.Butwhywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetriment?Theresearchersexplainedthatmanypeoplecareagreatdealabouttheirreputationandhowthey’llbejudgedbyothers.Iftheycareenough,theyconcernedaboutappearinghonestandnotlosingtheirrespectofothers,maybegreaterthantheirdesiretoactuallybehonest.

Theresearchersassertthattheyfindanewsuggestthatwhenpeopleobtainveryfavorableoutcomes,theyanticipateotherpeople’ssuspiciousreactionsandpreferlyingandappearinghonesttotellingthetruthandappearingasselfishliars.

Sowhyisthisresearchimportant?Well,expertsgenerallyagreedtherearetwomaintypesoflie,selfishliarsandliarsthataremeanttobenefitothers.Thefirst,asyoumaypredict,isforselfishgain,suchassubmittingafraudulentclaimtoaninsurancecompany;whilethesecondinvolveslyingtohelpothersornotoffendothers,forexample,tellingafriendwhoseoutfityoudon’tlikethattheylookgreat.

Buttheresearchersaresuggestingathirdtypeoflying:[20]lyingtomaintainagoodreputation.Nowthishypothesisisnewandsomeskepticsarguethatthisisn’tawholenewcategoryoflie.[21]Butthefindingsseemintuitivetome.Afterall,oneofthemainmotivationsforlyingistoincreaseourworthintheeyesofothers,soitseemshighlylikelythatpeoplewilllietoseemhonest.

19.Whatdidtheteamofscientistfindintheirstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音中提到，他們（科學(xué)家們）發(fā)現(xiàn)12%的受訪者報(bào)告的行駛距離比實(shí)際數(shù)字要少，給出的平均答案是384英里。換句話說(shuō)，他們（受訪者）在里程數(shù)上撒了謊。C選項(xiàng)“超過10%的受訪者在開車的距離上撒了謊”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“所有的受訪者都害怕提出高額的費(fèi)用報(bào)銷”表述過于絕對(duì)，錄音中說(shuō)的是12%的受訪者，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“許多受訪者給出的平均答案是400英里”表述不準(zhǔn)確，這里只是12%的受訪者，并不是很多受訪者給出的答案；D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)受訪者因駕駛384英里而獲得賠償”在文中沒有提及，因此排除。

20.Whywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetrimentaccordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)研究人員的說(shuō)法，為什么人們會(huì)捏造對(duì)自己不利的行車?yán)飻?shù)？錄音中提到研究人員解釋說(shuō)，很多人非常在意自己的聲譽(yù)，以及別人會(huì)如何評(píng)價(jià)自己。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)自己的聲譽(yù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)同事的懷疑作出回應(yīng)”和B選項(xiàng)“他們關(guān)心別人的要求”利用錄音中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行干擾，實(shí)際與原文表述不符；D選項(xiàng)“他們努力做到真正的誠(chéng)實(shí)”與錄音中為了聲譽(yù)撒謊的意思恰好相反，因此不正確。

21.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheresearchers’findings?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說(shuō)話者對(duì)研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么看法？說(shuō)話者說(shuō)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎很直觀（seemintuitive），B選項(xiàng)“它們看起來(lái)很直觀”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們看起來(lái)是積極的”；C選項(xiàng)“它們是說(shuō)明性的”和D選項(xiàng)“它們是結(jié)論性的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

11.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動(dòng)機(jī)水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對(duì)待每個(gè)病人的心理問題，并針對(duì)每個(gè)問題提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Unlikegirlsandboysinearliergenerations,whotendedtospendagooddealoftimeplayingtogether,today’s12-year-oldsaretypicallygivenseveralelectronicdevices,sothey

wouldinclinetoplayalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gooddealoftimeplaying

B.today’s12-year-olds

C.typicallygiven

D.wouldinclinetoplay

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。incline改為tend。此處表達(dá)的是：傾向（做…），而inclinetodosth.為：傾向于（認(rèn)為某個(gè)信念或觀點(diǎn)是正確的）。

13.單選題

TheEgyptiansusedtobelievethatliteracywasdivine.Scholarsnolonger________thattheory,butwhyancientcivilizationsdevelopedwritingwasamysteryforalongtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embrace

B.involve

C.formulate

D.comprehend

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.embrace接受，采納B.involve包含，牽涉

C.formulate制訂，規(guī)劃D.comprehend理解，領(lǐng)悟

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“theory（理論）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，表示學(xué)者們不再怎么樣這一理論，該理論指的是上一句的“埃及人過去一度認(rèn)為讀寫能力是一種天賜技能（literacywasdivine）”。由but可知，此處存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，下文說(shuō)到“古代文明為什么會(huì)發(fā)展書寫能力（writing）一直是一個(gè)謎（mystery）”，說(shuō)明雖然學(xué)者們不認(rèn)同這一理論，但他們還不清楚為什么古代文明為什么會(huì)發(fā)展書寫能力。embrace指接受一個(gè)想法、建議、信念等，因此A選項(xiàng)embrace“接受，采納”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)involve“包含，牽涉”指包括某人或某物作為某事物的一部分，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)formulate“制訂，規(guī)劃”指精心制作或準(zhǔn)備，特別注意細(xì)節(jié)，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)comprehend“理解，領(lǐng)悟”指充分理解某事物，此處說(shuō)的是學(xué)者不接受、認(rèn)同這一理論，而不是不能理解理論的內(nèi)涵。

【句意】埃及人過去一度認(rèn)為讀寫能力是一種天賜技能。雖然學(xué)者們不再接受這一理論，但古代文明為什么會(huì)發(fā)展書寫能力一直是一個(gè)謎。

14.單選題

Therearefewapplications（）opportunitiesthanrobots.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.morelikely

C.mostlikely

D.muchlikely

【答案】B

【解析】句意:很少有電子應(yīng)用軟件比機(jī)器人更可能對(duì)未來(lái)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)造成恐慌。

考查固定搭配。belikelyto可能做…。這里加入了more，用了比較級(jí)，表示“更可能”。

15.翻譯題

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英國(guó)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)街上每?jī)蓚€(gè)人中就有一個(gè)使用的是安裝谷歌或安卓系統(tǒng)的智能手機(jī)。市場(chǎng)研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通過移動(dòng)商業(yè)簡(jiǎn)報(bào)完成的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安卓手機(jī)在英國(guó)市場(chǎng)的市占率達(dá)49.9%，環(huán)比上升了29%。而安卓手機(jī)的市場(chǎng)份額大多數(shù)來(lái)自于蘋果公司的iPhone。

為什么市場(chǎng)份額會(huì)有這么大的變動(dòng)？我想原因有很多，而且我預(yù)計(jì)在未來(lái)六個(gè)月內(nèi)將有一定的反彈。首先，雖然iPhone4已經(jīng)流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手機(jī)趁蘋果公司新款發(fā)布會(huì)之前進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)。我猜測(cè)一些人決定不再等待iPhone4S，轉(zhuǎn)而購(gòu)買了三星或者HTC的新款手機(jī)。截至十月二日，在過去的三個(gè)月期間，這兩大手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商占據(jù)了英國(guó)安卓手機(jī)83%的份額。

16.單選題

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay（）fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.填空題

Everystudentisrequiredtogivea（）（present）ontheseminar.

【答案】presentation

【解析】句意：每個(gè)學(xué)生被要求在研討會(huì)上做一次陳述。故應(yīng)將present變?yōu)閜resentation。

18.單選題

（

）hetriedtounderstandShakespeare’stragedies,hefailedallthesame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hardas

B.Ashard

C.Hardalthough

D.Thoughhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然他盡力去理解莎士比亞的悲劇作品，但是卻仍然失敗了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unautho