初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和句型的考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析；2.英語(yǔ)句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)；3.初中階段主要句型的用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，把他們加以歸納總結(jié)，進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(1)動(dòng)詞＋介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)動(dòng)詞＋副詞常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞常見的有g(shù)oonwith,catchupwith等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)動(dòng)詞＋形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)動(dòng)詞＋名詞常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.2.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析(1)bemadein（在……生產(chǎn)或制造），bemadeof(由……組成或構(gòu)成)(2)comedown(下來;落)，comealong(來；隨同)，cometooneself(蘇醒)，cometrue(實(shí)現(xiàn))，comeout(花開；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn)；出來)，comeover（過來；順便來訪），comein(進(jìn)來)，comeon(來吧；跟著來；趕快),comeupwith(找到；提出)(3)doone’sbest(盡最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作業(yè))，dosomereading(閱讀)(4)fallasleep(入睡)，fallbehind(落在…..后面)，falloff(從……掉下)，falldown(到下；跌倒)(5)getdown(下來；落下)，geton(上車)，getto(到達(dá))，getup(起床)，getback(回來；取回)，getoff(下來)，getonwellwith(與……相處融洽)，getmarried(結(jié)婚)，gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放棄)，give…ahand(給與……幫助)，giveaconcert(開音樂會(huì))(7)goback(回去)，goon(繼續(xù))，gohome(回家)，gotobed(睡覺)，goover(過一遍；仔細(xì)檢查)，goout(外出；到外面)，gowrong(走錯(cuò)路)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做某事)，goshopping(買東西)，goboating(去劃船),gofishing(去釣魚)，gohiking(去徒步旅行)，goskating(去滑冰)，gostraightalong(沿著……一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat（坐下）,havesupper（吃晚餐）,havearest（休息）,havesports（進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)）,haveacold（感冒）,haveacough（咳嗽）,haveagoodtime（過得愉快）,haveaheadache（頭痛），haveatry(嘗試；努力)(9)lookfor(尋找)，lookout(留神;注意)，lookover(仔細(xì)檢查)，lookup(向上看；抬頭看)，lookafter(照顧;照看)，lookat(看；觀看)，looklike(看起來像)，lookthesame(看起來像)，(10)makefriends(交朋友)，makephonecalls(打電話)，makemoney(賺錢)，makethebed(整理床鋪)，makeanoise(吵鬧)，makeafaces(做鬼臉)，makeone’swayto(往……走去)，makeroomfor(給……騰出地方)，makeadecision(做出決定)，makeamistake(犯錯(cuò)誤)，makeupone’smind(下決心)(11)puton(上演；穿上；戴上)，putup(掛起；舉起)，putdown(把某物放下來)，putaway(把某物收起來),putoff(推遲)(12)takeoff(脫掉衣服)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花費(fèi)時(shí)間)，takeout(取出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(積極參加)，takecareof(照顧；照料；注意)，takeexercise(做運(yùn)動(dòng))，takeone’splace(坐某人的位置；代替某人的職務(wù))，taketurn(輪流)(13)talkabout(談話；交談)，talkwith(和……交談)(14)turnon(打開電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turnoff(關(guān)上電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turndown(關(guān)??；調(diào)低)，turn…over(把…..翻過來)(15)thinkof(認(rèn)為；想起)，thinkabout(考慮)3.句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)句子所用動(dòng)詞的不同，句子可歸納為五個(gè)基本句型。(1)主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：Herunsfast.Westudyhard.(3)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物動(dòng)詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：remember,forget等。例如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)了這封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得那封信寄過了。Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語(yǔ)，而是作狀語(yǔ)。試比較下列句子：Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下來吸煙。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意義基本相同。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.(4)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟有雙賓語(yǔ)，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。指人的為間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的為直接賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下，間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后。如果要把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，間接賓前有時(shí)加介詞to,有時(shí)加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一般在動(dòng)詞give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在動(dòng)詞buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1)及物動(dòng)詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物動(dòng)詞之后，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)指正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的一部分。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我聽他唱過那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(我回來時(shí)，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.4.初中階段主要句型的用法。1.It'stimeto(for)....表“時(shí)間到了；該干…的時(shí)間了”之意。It'stimetogohome.It'stimeforschool.注意：to的后面接動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而for的后面接名詞。2.It'sbad(good)for...表示“對(duì)…有害（有益）的”含義。Pleasedon'tsmoke.It'sbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.It'sgoodforyourhealth.3.belatefor(school)是“上學(xué)（遲到）”之意。for后面還可以接meeting或class。Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Don'tbelateforclass,please.4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside.Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.注意：用hadbetter時(shí)，后面一定要直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，決不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前，是動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。Heisafraidofsnakes.Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜歡（愛好）做某事”之意，doing是動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞enjoy的賓語(yǔ)。enjoy有欣賞之意。AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來做某事It'stimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.8.Let(make)sb.do讓（使）某人做某事。Let'sgotoschool.Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.注意：當(dāng)makesb.dosth.用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞前面就一定要加to了。如：Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜歡做某事”之意。liketodosth.是表示比較具體的喜歡做某事；likedoingsth.是表示寵統(tǒng)的喜歡做某事。如：Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜歡在游泳池中游泳。（喜歡的具體的地方游泳）Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳（只講喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)）10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.請(qǐng)（讓）某人（不）做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.給（借給）某人某物Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含義。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theoldmanwastootiredtowalkfarther.14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意。Mydaughterdidn'tgotobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.Wewon'thavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思。Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意。Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Heisascientist.NeitheryounorIamfree.17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.19.prefer……to……是“比起來，還是……好，”“喜歡……而不喜歡”之意。IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmathsHeprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意。Idon'tknowMr.Kingatall.Daviddoesn'tlikesingingatall.21．keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人繼續(xù)做某事”之意。Mr.Wangdidn'tcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.Don'tkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物處于某種狀況”之意。Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”之意。Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.Didyouseeacarcominghere?24.seesb.dosth.是“看見某人做了某事”之意。Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?25.hearsb.doingsth.是“聽到某人正在做某事”之意。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.26.hearsb.dosth.表示“聽見某人做了某事”之意。Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.Whydidn'tyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用來做某事”的意思。Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.28.It'sthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米長(zhǎng)（高、寬）形容詞要放在后面作后置定語(yǔ)。句型是It/主語(yǔ)+be+數(shù)詞+米/公里+形容詞。Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.29.What'swrongwith......?/What'stheproblemwith......?/What'sthetroublewith......?/What'sthematter?表示“出了什么毛??？”“…哪兒不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含義。What'swrongwithyourcar?What'swrongwithyou,littlegirl?What'sthematterwithyourwatch?30.Wouldyoulike(todo)......?是“你想要…嗎？”的意思。like后面可以接名詞，詞組或動(dòng)詞不定式。提出一種建議或邀請(qǐng)。Wouldyoulikesomefish?Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做……嗎？”Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間”之意?？梢杂糜谝话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去式和一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.33.I'dlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人來做某事”之意。I'dlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.He'dlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.34.There'ssth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了問題”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesn'tmove.【實(shí)例解析】【中考演練】一.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster

?Myflightis_________.A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff2.OnOctober15,2003China_______itsfirstman-madespaceship,whichmadeYangLiweiaherotomanykids.A.setoutB.SetoffC.sentupD.sentout3.---Howistheplaygoing

?---Wearegoingto_______thedayaftertomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putitoff4.MrGreenisbusy_______thenewspaperwhilehiswifeisbusy______thehousework.A.reading

;withB.to

read

;withC.toread

;doingD.with

;todo5.Wehaveto_______ourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.lookupC.looklikeD.lookafter6.---Ifyou______anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.---Sure,Iwill.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith7.---ZhouJielunissocool.I’mhisfan.---____________.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SoamID.SoIam8.---Yournewsweaterlooksbeautiful.Isit_______purewool

?---Yes,andit’s_______InnerMongolia.A.madeby

;madeforB.madeof

;madebyC.madeof

;madeinD.Madeby

;madefrom9.Please_______theboxcarefully.ItisfilledwithglassesA.putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether10.---________

!There’sacarcoming

!---Oh.Thanks.A.LookoverB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout11.---Look!Thebusiscoming.---Butit’sfullofpeople.Wecan’t______.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonwithD.geton12.---Excuseme.Where’stheScience---TakeNo.3busand______atthefourthstop.A.getonB.getoffC.getupD.getto13.It’sverycoldtoday.You’dbetterput_____yourcoatwhenyougoout.A.awayB.downC.onD.up14.MissLitoldthechildrentowalkoneafteranother.Shedidn’twantthemto______intheparkA.getwrongB.getawayC.getlostD.getready15.Theflowersstartto_____inspring.A.comeinB.comeoutC.comefromD.cometo16.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpme_____themapontheblackboard?A.putintoB.putupC.putoutD.puton17.“Getaladder,please.Ican’t_____.”Jimsaidinatalltree.A.comebackB.comeoutC.comedownD.comeover18.Ihave____myparents,andnowI’mansweringit.A.heardofB.heardfromC.heardD.heardabout19.Ican’tseethewordsclearly.CanI_____thelight?A.turnonB.putoffC.holdonD.takeoff20.Assoonasthemanwalkedintothewarmroom,he_____hisheavycoatandsatdown.A.tookawayB.tookdownC.tookoffD.tookup二.用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空1.Thebuswasverycrowded,soshewanted______ataxi.2.Sheenjoys_______novelsbeforegoingtobed.3.Ittookhimtwohours___