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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川西南航空職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Long-termexposuretomassmediaportrayalsofviolencemightmaketheaudienceinsensitiveor_____torealactsofviolence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionallyneutral

B.neutrallyemotional

C.emotionallymutual

D.mutuallyemotional

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義。neutral“中立的”,emotionally“情緒上;感情上”。句意:觀眾在大眾媒體上看多了暴力就會(huì)對(duì)暴力持中立態(tài)度,即對(duì)暴力失去了感覺。neutral表示觀眾對(duì)暴力的態(tài)度,emotionally則用來修飾neutral,表示“情感上是中立的”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT(

).

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段:Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測量數(shù)據(jù),但是因?yàn)閷?shí)地測量受到巖石裸露、可到達(dá)程度以及人力資源的限制,所以這一地質(zhì)圖必須進(jìn)行分析。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地圖的數(shù)據(jù)是來源于實(shí)地觀察的不完整地?cái)?shù)據(jù)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段:Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年,安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)‘1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段:Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展,科學(xué)家開始利用那些超出可見光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過用機(jī)械手段對(duì)一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理,如可見光譜外光波的反射,無線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定C選項(xiàng)‘地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化’正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段:Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.相對(duì)于其它的攝影成像,數(shù)字成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是明顯的,產(chǎn)生的數(shù)字化數(shù)據(jù)可以被精確地理解,并且不會(huì)受到難以控制的化學(xué)過程的不規(guī)則性的影響。確定C選項(xiàng)‘必須經(jīng)過化學(xué)過程’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段:Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡知地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行,所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可,但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度,能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來。確定B選項(xiàng)‘指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

6.根據(jù)文章第一段:Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth'sgeologicfeatures.在20世紀(jì)中葉之前,對(duì)膠片的解釋是對(duì)地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第一段:Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展,科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像,利用那些超出可見光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)‘出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第三段:Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.:區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程,提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。所以C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。用排除法確定D選項(xiàng)‘Landsat衛(wèi)星掃描儀有特殊限制‘文中未提及,符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段:Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程,提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)文章第四段:Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements...地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測量數(shù)據(jù)。確定A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察生實(shí)驗(yàn)室測量’正確。

3.單選題

Thegirlwas()Juliaafterhergrandmother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。benamedafter以…的名字命名,和…的名字一樣。句意:這個(gè)女孩以她祖母的名字命名為茱莉亞。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Itisintendedthattheseguidelinesshouldbeappliedflexiblyand(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantially

B.pragmatically

C.dogmatically

D.reflexively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)substantially“實(shí)質(zhì)上;大體上”;B選項(xiàng)pragmatically“講究實(shí)效地”;C選項(xiàng)dogmatically“武斷地;教條主義地”;D選項(xiàng)reflexively“反身地”。句意:這些準(zhǔn)則應(yīng)靈活地并……地實(shí)施。聯(lián)系選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thestudyconcludes:“Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemtoincreaseone’spronenesstoviolence.Anuncriticalendorsementoftheculturalvalueofself-esteemmaythereforebecounterproductiveandevendangerous.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.resistance

C.apprehension

D.likeness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:某種形式的高自尊似乎會(huì)增加一個(gè)人對(duì)暴力的……。A選項(xiàng)disposition“處置;傾向”;B選項(xiàng)resistance“阻力;抵抗力”;C選項(xiàng)apprehension“理解;恐懼;逮捕”;D選項(xiàng)likeness“相似”。結(jié)合句意分析選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)“傾向”更符合題意。

6.單選題

Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminating

B.extinguishing

C.stimulating

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】考查句間邏輯的并列關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)contaminating“污染,弄臟”;B選項(xiàng)extinguishing“償清(債務(wù));取消(權(quán)利、義務(wù))”;C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激;激勵(lì)”;D選項(xiàng)transporting“運(yùn)輸;使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺;流放”。句意:低利率創(chuàng)造了寬松的信貸條件,____了住房建設(shè)熱潮并鼓勵(lì)了消費(fèi)。原文and并列的是fuelingahousingconstructionboom和encouragingconsumption“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)”,那么劃線詞應(yīng)與encouraging“鼓勵(lì)”語義方向一致,C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激;激勵(lì)”符合語境。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

7.單選題

InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible(

)andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scales

B.ranks

C.grades

D.patterns

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。scale規(guī)模,比例;rank等級(jí);grade級(jí)別,階段;pattern模式。句意:在美國大學(xué),班級(jí)安排通常是靈活的模式,并且校園里有很多工作都是為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

“JimmywantstostayupandwatchanoldmovieonTV.”“Teno’clockis()foraboyofhisagetostayup.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoolatehour

B.toolateanhour

C.verymuchlateanhour

D.asolatehour

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。toolateforsb.todosth是固定搭配,表示“對(duì)某人來說做什么事太晚了”。句意:吉米想要熬夜看電視上的一部老電影。十點(diǎn)鐘對(duì)他這個(gè)年齡的孩子來說太晚了。其中anhour是Teno’clock的定語,不可將其分開,用來修飾10點(diǎn)鐘這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段。同理可排除AD。C選項(xiàng)中的verymuch不能用來修飾late。選B。

9.單選題

Heisvery()ofhisconductandpromisenevertobehavelikethatagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的;對(duì)不起的”;B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的;痛苦的”;C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的;慚愧的”;D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意:他對(duì)自己的行為非?!?,并保證再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.(保證再也不會(huì)那樣做了。)可知他對(duì)自己的行為表示羞愧,可知C選項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Someyearsago,Houstonairportfacedatroublingissue.Passengerswere(1)aboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(行李提取處).(2),theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.Theplan(3):theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.(4)thecomplaintspersisted.

(5),theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.Theyfoundthatit(6)passengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.(7),roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.

Sotheydecidedonanewapproach:(8)reducingwaittime,theymovedthearrivalgatesfartherawayfromthemainterminal.Passengersnowhadtowalksixtimeslonger.Complaintsdroppedtonear(9).

Thisstoryshowsthattheexperienceofwaitingisdefinedonlypartlybytheobjective(10)ofthewait.Occupiedtime(walkingtobaggageclaim)feels(11)thanunoccupiedtime((12)atbaggageclaim).Researchonqueuinghasshownthat,peopleonaverage,(13)howlongthey’vewaitedinaline.

Thisisalso(14)onefindsmirrorsnexttoelevators.The(15)wasbornduringthepost-WorldWarIIboom,whenthespreadofhigh-rises(16)complaintsaboutelevatordelays.Thereasonbehindthemirrorswas(17)totheoneusedattheHoustonairport:givepeoplesomethingtooccupytheirtime.(18)overnight,thecomplaintsceased.

We’llnever(19)linesaltogether,butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakethose(20)delaysmorebearable.Andwhenallelsefails,bringabook.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warning

B.thinking

C.asking

D.complaining

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inresponse

B.Infact

C.Intheory

D.Inturn

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.failed

B.worked

C.stopped

D.continued

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.But

C.Or

D.And

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Puzzled

B.Scared

C.Delighted

D.Relieved

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.spent

B.needed

C.cost

D.took

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Ingeneral

B.Inaddition

C.Inanycase

D.Inotherwords

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.insteadof

C.bymeansof

D.becauseof

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.nothing

B.zero

C.none

D.no

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.reach

C.feeling

D.length

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.shorter

B.better

C.longer

D.harder

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.looking

B.standing

C.serving

D.pointing

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.dislike

B.disagree

C.overestimate

D.misunderstand

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.when

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.problem

C.standard

D.idea

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.calledfor

B.pointedout

C.ledto

D.beganwith

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.accustomed

B.specific

C.helpful

D.similar

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Rather

B.Quite

C.Entirely

D.Almost

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.cross

B.eliminate

C.draw

D.create

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.inadequate

B.impatient

C.impossible

D.inevitable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系下文可知客戶在抱怨排隊(duì)時(shí)間長。A選項(xiàng)warning“警告”;B選項(xiàng)thinking“思考”;C選項(xiàng)asking“請求”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查語境理解。由空格前,聯(lián)系第一題“Passengerswerecomplainingaboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(乘客們在抱怨行李提取處等待時(shí)間太長)”,空格后“theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.(行政人員增加了行李搬運(yùn)工的人數(shù)。)”可知,空格后是對(duì)空格前做的回應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)Infact“事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上”;C選項(xiàng)Intheory“理論上”;D選項(xiàng)Inturn“輪流,依次”,都不符合上下文語境,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查語境理解。根據(jù)下文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.(平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘,完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”可知這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃奏效了,等待時(shí)間下降了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.(平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘,完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”和下文“thecomplaintspersisted.(人們的抱怨仍在繼續(xù))”可知空格處填的詞應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折。A選項(xiàng)So表原因;B選項(xiàng)But表轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)Or表并列;D選項(xiàng)And表并列,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析?!埃ǎ?theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.”意為“因?yàn)椤瓩C(jī)場管理人員進(jìn)行了更仔細(xì)的分析”。A選項(xiàng)Puzzled“困惑”;B選項(xiàng)Scared“害怕”;C選項(xiàng)Delighted“高興,愉快”;D選項(xiàng)Relieved“解除”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查固定搭配。Ittakesbsometimetodosth意為花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事,沒有Itspendsbsometimetodosth這個(gè)說法,spend的用法是sbspendsometime(in)doingsth,它的主語必須是人;cost的用法是sthcostsb+金錢;need的主語一般是人,不用it作形式主語。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查短語辨析。根據(jù)上文“Theyfoundthatittookpassengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.(乘客從到達(dá)登機(jī)口走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處需要1分鐘,取行李又需要7分鐘。)”和下文“roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.(他們大約88%的時(shí)間是在站著等行李。)”可知上下文表示的意思是一樣的,所以空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表并列關(guān)系的短語。因此空格處應(yīng)填“inotherwords”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管,不顧”;B選項(xiàng)insteadof“代替,而不是”;C選項(xiàng)bymeansof“依靠,借助于”;D選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?,由于”,句意:他們沒有縮短等待時(shí)間,而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查語境理解。句意:參考第48題,他們沒有縮短等待時(shí)間,而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方。現(xiàn)在乘客們得多走六倍的路。投訴幾乎為()。從句意我們可以看出空格處應(yīng)該為一個(gè)數(shù)值,選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)符合,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。句意:這個(gè)故事表明,等待的體驗(yàn)只在一定程度上取決于客觀等待的()。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨”不符合句意;B選項(xiàng)reach“范圍”不符合句意;C選項(xiàng)feeling“感覺”與句中的體驗(yàn)相沖突;D選項(xiàng)length“時(shí)長”符合句意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查邏輯關(guān)系。該句意為:被占用的時(shí)間(走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處)感覺比沒被占用的時(shí)間(站在行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處)()。根據(jù)上文中提到的,機(jī)場管理人員把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方,乘客們在等待的過程中感覺有事情可做,就會(huì)覺得走路的時(shí)間比等待的時(shí)間短,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。該空格處應(yīng)填與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)(walkingtobaggageclaim)相對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞。A選項(xiàng)looking“看”;B選項(xiàng)standing“站”;C選項(xiàng)serving“招待、服務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)pointing“指向,表明”,其中只有B選項(xiàng)與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容適配度更高,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:關(guān)于排隊(duì)的研究表明,人們平均會(huì)()自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間。A選項(xiàng)dislike“不喜歡,厭惡”;B選項(xiàng)disagree“不同意,反對(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)overestimate“高估”;D選項(xiàng)misunderstand“誤解,誤會(huì)”。聯(lián)系上下文可知人們總是以為自己的排隊(duì)時(shí)長很長,其實(shí)不然,所以人們經(jīng)常高估自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查語境理解。句意:這也是()電梯旁邊有鏡子。根據(jù)下文可知,正是因?yàn)殓R子讓人們在等待的時(shí)候有事可做,所以會(huì)讓人們感覺等待時(shí)間縮短了,所以空格處應(yīng)填有因果關(guān)系的詞,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查語境理解。該句子句意為:這個(gè)()出現(xiàn)在二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期,當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立,導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。由此可知,人們對(duì)電梯的延誤感到抱怨更偏向于是一種社會(huì)問題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”;B選項(xiàng)problem“問題”;C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”;D選項(xiàng)idea“方法”,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor“要求,需要,倡導(dǎo)”;B選項(xiàng)pointout“指出,指明”;C選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”;D選項(xiàng)beginwith“以……開始,開始于……”。參考55題,句意為:這個(gè)問題產(chǎn)生于二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期,當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立,()了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應(yīng)填導(dǎo)致了人們的抱怨,所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beaccustomedto的意思:習(xí)慣于;習(xí)以為常;B選項(xiàng)bespecificto“針對(duì)……而言,僅限于……”;C選項(xiàng)behelpfultodosth.對(duì)做……有幫助,后面一般接todo不定式;D選項(xiàng)besimilarto“……與……相似,和……相似”,to后面可以接人,也可以接物。句意:鏡子后面的原因和休斯頓機(jī)場使用的():讓人們有事可做。一夜之間,投訴停止了。聯(lián)系上下文可知鏡子和機(jī)場都是為了讓人們在等待的時(shí)候有事情可做,他們的目的是一樣的,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.考查副詞辨析。句意:()一夜之間,投訴停止了。A選項(xiàng)rather“寧可,寧愿,相當(dāng)”;B選項(xiàng)quite“很,相當(dāng),完全”;C選項(xiàng)entirely“完全的”;D選項(xiàng)almost“差不多,幾乎”。聯(lián)系題干可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cross“穿過,橫過”,cross后面一般不用lines,而是crosstheline,crosstheline逐字解釋是越過某條界線,一般是指觸犯了某項(xiàng)禁忌或者規(guī)則,做了過分的事情。B選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除,排除”;C選項(xiàng)draw“畫,拉,吸引”;D選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造,創(chuàng)立”。句意:我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全()排隊(duì)。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不充分的,不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?;B選項(xiàng)impatient“焦躁的,不耐煩的”;C選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的”;D選項(xiàng)inevitable“不可避免的”。句意:但更好地理解等待的心理可以幫助讓那些()延誤變得更容易忍受。聯(lián)系句意,D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe()topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A:petition“請?jiān)福砬?[法]訴狀”;選項(xiàng)B:engagement“婚約,約會(huì),交戰(zhàn),諾言”;選項(xiàng)C:commitment“獻(xiàn)身,承諾”;選項(xiàng)D:qualification“資格,條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項(xiàng)C更切合題意,正確。句意:有人認(rèn)為,他缺乏將一項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)堅(jiān)持到底的奉獻(xiàn)精神。

12.單選題

Hewilllive(

)whathisparentsexpectofhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.off

C.upto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配liveupto“不辜負(fù),達(dá)到”,liveon“以……為食”;liveoff“依靠……生活”;liveto“活到……歲”,句子要表達(dá)的意思是“他將不會(huì)辜負(fù)父母對(duì)他的期望”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Themeridiansoflongitudeareimaginarygreatcirclesdrawnfrompoletopolearoundtheearth.Byinternationalagreement,themeridianoflongitudepassingthroughGreenwich,England,isnumberedzero.Theearthisdividedinto360degrees,andthemeridiansarenumberedeastandwestfromGreenwich.Thereare180degreesoflongitudeeastofGreenwichand180degreesinthewesterlydirection.NewYorkhasalongitudeof74degreeswestwhichmeansitliesonthe74thmeridianwestofGreenwich.

Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.Thisreasoningcanbeusedbynavigatorstodeterminetheirlongitude.ImaginethatwehavesetsailfromGreenwich,England,afterhavingsetaveryaccurateclock,orchronometer,tothelocalGreenwichtime.AswetravelwestwardtowardNewYork,wenoticethatthesunisgoing“slower”thanourchronometer.Atthetimethatourtimepiecereads12o’clock,thesunhasnotquitereachedthezenith.Asamatteroffact,whenourclockreadsnoon,whatitreallymeansisthatit’snooninGreenwich,England.Ourclockcontinuestotellusthetime,notatourpresentlocation,butatGreenwich.Letuswaituntilthesunisdirectlyoverhead(noonatourlocation)andthenreadthetimeonourclock.Supposeitreads1o’clock.Thismeansthatthereisonehour’sdifferenceintimebetweenourlongitudeandthatofGreenwich.Aswementionedearlier,thiscorrespondstoexactly15degreesoflongitude,soourlongitudemustbe15degreeswest.Theworldisdividedinto24timezones,andeachzonecorrespondsto15degreesoflongitude.NewYorkisapproximately5timezoneswestofGreenwich,sothetimedifferencemustbeabout5hours.BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeonanysunnydaybymerelynotingthedifferenceinhoursbetweenGreenwichtimeandlocalsuntimeandmultiplyingthisdifferenceby15degrees.

Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.

IntheNorthernHemisphere,thereisastarcalledPolarisalmostdirectlyovertheNorthPole.ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.Mathematicianstellusthatthisangleisequaltothelatitudeatthepointinquestion.

Togetanideaofourlocation,therefore,weneedtoknowthelocaltime,Greenwichtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizon.

1.Inordertogetthepreciselocationofaship,thenavigatormustknow().

2.Inordertodeterminelatitude,thenavigatormustknow().

3.Anavigator’schronometerwillalwaysshow().

4.Inrelationtotheearth,thesunwillmove().

5.ItcanbeinferredthatthenumberofdegreesoflatitudeintheNorthernHemisphereis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hislatitudet

B.bothhislatitudeandlongitudet

C.localtimet

D.thenumberofdegreesheiseastorwestofGreenwicht

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Greenwichtimeandlocaltimet

B.agooddealofmathematicst

C.theanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizont

D.Greenwichtime,localtime,andtheanglebetweenPolarisandthehorizont

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.localtimet

B.noontimet

C.Greenwichtimet

D.suntimet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.7,000milesperhourt

B.twiceasfastasPolarist

C.48thoftheworld’scircumferencet

D.fifteendegreesinonehourt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.18degreest

B.36degreest

C.4degreest

D.90degrees

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了得到船的精確位置,導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。文章第三段前兩句提到Ofcourse,longitudegivesonlyhalfoftheinformationneededtodetermineourpreciselocation.Wemustalsoknowourlatitude,whichtellsushowfarwearenorthorsouthoftheequator.(當(dāng)然,經(jīng)度只提供了確定精確位置所需的一半信息;我們還必須知道我們的緯度,它告訴我們我們離赤道南北有多遠(yuǎn)),可知B項(xiàng)“他的經(jīng)度和緯度”正確。A項(xiàng)“他的緯度”不夠全面;C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”,這是用來記錄格林尼治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)靥枙r(shí)間的小時(shí)差確定經(jīng)度,C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“他在格林威治東部或西部的度數(shù)”也是用來確定經(jīng)度的,比較片面。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了確定緯度,導(dǎo)航員必須知道……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句ThismakesitpossibletodeterminethelatitudeofagivenpointbysettingoursextanttomeasuretheanglebetweenPolaris,theNorthStar,andthehorizon.(通過設(shè)置六分儀來測量北極星和地平線之間的夾角,就可以確定某一點(diǎn)的緯度)可知,測量北極星和地平線之間的夾角就可以確定緯度,所以C項(xiàng)“北極星和地平線之間的角度”正確。A項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”,這是用來確定經(jīng)度的方法,A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“大量的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)”文中沒有提到導(dǎo)航員需要大量數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí);D項(xiàng)“格林尼治時(shí)間,當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間,北極星和地平線之間的角度”,這是為了掌握自己所處位置需要的,而不是確定緯度需要的,D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘總是顯示……”。第二段最后一句提到BymaintainingchronometersonGreenwichtime,shipscandeterminetheirlongitudeon…(航海時(shí)保持格林威治時(shí)間,船只就可以確定經(jīng)度……),由此可知導(dǎo)航員的天文鐘顯示的是格林威治時(shí)間,所以C項(xiàng)“格林威治時(shí)間”正確;A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間”、B項(xiàng)“正午時(shí)間”和D項(xiàng)“太陽時(shí)間”都不正確。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“相對(duì)于地球,太陽會(huì)移動(dòng)……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Sincethesunappearstotravelaroundtheearthin24hours,itwillmove360/24or15degreesinonehour.(由于太陽似乎在24小時(shí)內(nèi)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn),它將在1小時(shí)內(nèi)移動(dòng)360/24度或15度)可知,D項(xiàng)“一小時(shí)15度”正確。A項(xiàng)“每小時(shí)7000英里”、B項(xiàng)“是北極星的兩倍”和C項(xiàng)“地球周長的1/48”都未提及。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出北半球的緯度數(shù)是……”。根據(jù)第三段TheEquatoristhezerolineforthemeasurementoflatitude.CirclesaredrawnparalleltotheEquatortoindicateothervaluesoflatitude.Thereare90degreesofsouthlatitude.(赤道是測量緯度的零線;與赤道平行的圓圈表示緯度的其他值;南緯是90度)可知,南緯是90度,而赤道為零線,那么南緯和北緯都是一樣的,由此可推斷北緯也是90度。所以D項(xiàng)“90度”正確。A項(xiàng)“18度”、B項(xiàng)“36度”和C項(xiàng)“4度”都是錯(cuò)誤的。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa()nightmare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。paranoid“像偏執(zhí)狂的;患偏執(zhí)狂的”;putative“推定的,假定的,被公認(rèn)的”;benign“(氣候)良好的,仁慈的,和藹的”;logistical“邏輯的,運(yùn)籌的;后勤方面的”。句意:她把食物分配和醫(yī)療供應(yīng)描述成是一場后勤的噩夢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Iam()toMr.MorrisonbecauseofthekindnessandconcernthatheshowedmewhenIfirstgothere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gratified

B.unforgettable

C.desirous

D.indebted

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義解析。Gratified“滿足的”;unforgettable“難忘的”;desirous“渴望的”;indebted“受惠的,感激的”。句意:當(dāng)我最初到這兒的時(shí)候,莫里森先生對(duì)我關(guān)心友好,我對(duì)他報(bào)以感激之心。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Janeisagirlwithanartistic(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.temperament

B.temperature

C.temperance

D.tempera

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)temperament“氣質(zhì),性情,性格,稟性”;B選項(xiàng)temperature“度;體溫;氣溫;發(fā)燒”;C選項(xiàng)temperance“戒酒,禁酒;自我克制,節(jié)制”;D選項(xiàng)tempera“蛋彩畫”。填入名詞受形容詞artistic修飾,故temperament“氣質(zhì),性情,性格,稟性”符合題意,句意為:簡是一個(gè)有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)的女孩。答案選A。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈(zèng)也應(yīng)講策略——慈善事業(yè)應(yīng)該不單是應(yīng)人之需,而應(yīng)該覓尋投資機(jī)會(huì),以求產(chǎn)生可觀的回報(bào)。

2.該報(bào)告對(duì)政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯,包括他的主張,即聯(lián)邦政府既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中,這意味著為了后代的利益,我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間,以滿足他們的需要,施展抱負(fù)。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個(gè)主要的驅(qū)動(dòng)力,它導(dǎo)致了美國科學(xué)、國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)體的擴(kuò)張。

5.值得注意的是,癌癥和心臟病的預(yù)防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個(gè)例外是酒精——癌癥的危險(xiǎn)因子,但卻是心臟病的預(yù)防因子。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部建立友誼

團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。在正式的團(tuán)體會(huì)議中,營造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個(gè)成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重,讓每個(gè)人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點(diǎn),就要使隊(duì)員們盡量以朋友,而非同事的方式,來處理相互關(guān)系;鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)成員在工作、會(huì)議之外進(jìn)行交談,多作接觸,在輕松的氣氛中自由地交換意見和看法。多安排社交活動(dòng),創(chuàng)造大家在工作之余聚會(huì)碰頭的機(jī)會(huì),在取得成功時(shí)舉辦慶祝活動(dòng)等,都有利于團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間建立真正的朋友關(guān)系,有利

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