段落寫作1A段落寫作1A段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和寫法段落一般由主題句（topicsentence）,擴(kuò)展句（supportingsentence）,結(jié)論句（concludingsentence）組成。一.主題句主題句是對(duì)段落中心思想的概括，是作者主要意圖的反映，是段落的核心，其余部分要圍繞它展開論述，因此，主題句是整個(gè)段落的綱領(lǐng)。2A段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和寫法段落一般由主題句（topicsente例如：Privatecarsbenefitbothindividualsandnation.Itisveryconvenientforpeopletodrivetowork,studyanddomanyotherthings.Byencouragingpeopletobuycars,thenationcanstimulateconsumptionandthedomesticdemand,andenhancethenationaleconomy.3A例如：3A2.主題句的特點(diǎn)1.）主題句一般位于句首(開門見山)，這與漢語寫作中的總結(jié)性論述常常謂語段落結(jié)尾處不同。2.)主題句一般是簡單句。e.g.People’sviewontheholidayvariesfrompersontoperson.e.g.Itiswellknownthatholidayareimportantforusandconcerningtheholidayeconomy,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.4A2.主題句的特點(diǎn)4A3.)主題句一般是議論句，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。要有point\topic.這樣我們后面的擴(kuò)展句才能夠展開。1.Privatecarsbenefitbothindividualsandnation.2.People’sviewontheholidayeconomyvariesfrompersontoperson.3.Itiswellknownthatholidayareimportantforusandconcerningtheholidayeconomy,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.

5A3.)主題句一般是議論句，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。要有point\對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子：1.Twentystudentsattendedtheschool’sChristmasparty.2.Theschool’sChristmaspartyisasboreasusual.4.)主題句除了要有topic以外，還要有controllingidea,也就是說要具體，不要大而空。e.g.Bikesareveryimportant.e.g.Bikeshavebroughtalotofconveniencetoourdailylife.6A對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子：6A5.)分段式主題句。沒有具體的controllingidea.e.g.Peoplehavebeentryingtosolvethisprobleminthefollowingthreeways:…7A5.)分段式主題句。沒有具體的controllingide英語提綱式作文中文提綱作文：分析推敲提綱與題目的關(guān)系，明確命題要求Eg.TheChangingCriteriaforGoodStudents①過去，人們對(duì)好學(xué)生的看法是②現(xiàn)在人們的看法已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變③總的來說，該變化是提綱作文8A英語提綱式作文提綱作文8AAnalysis:①通過提綱分析可見，既要說明人們?cè)谶^去和現(xiàn)在對(duì)好學(xué)生的看法是什么，有些什么變化，而且要明確這種變化是隨社會(huì)的進(jìn)步而朝好的方向發(fā)展，否則就沒有使標(biāo)題升華。②要寫出每段的主題句--要能說明段落中心思想，確定全段內(nèi)容重心、范圍和敘述、說明的角度--要有體現(xiàn)中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞（包括體現(xiàn)主題意義或范圍的核心詞或短語)--要簡潔明了，直截了當(dāng)9AAnalysis:9AInthepast,agoodstudentreferstoonewhowasonlygoodatstudies.(舉例說明:study-centeredbothathome&inschool)Nowthecriteriaforgoodstsarechanging.(詳細(xì)敘述:學(xué)習(xí)好，興趣廣，能力強(qiáng)，身體棒。。。)Generallyspeaking,criteriaforgoodstsarechangingforthebetter.(舉例說明變化的必要和好處)10AInthepast,agoodstudentre二、擴(kuò)展句1.擴(kuò)展句是以主題句為中心，逐步展開段落，它一般由一組意思連貫的句子組成。擴(kuò)展句要內(nèi)容翔實(shí)而簡明扼要，表達(dá)清楚而有較強(qiáng)的說服力。擴(kuò)展句MajorSupportingSentenceMinorSupportingSentence2.擴(kuò)展句的特點(diǎn)1.）擴(kuò)展句一般多為長句e.g.Privatecarsbenefitsbothindividualsandthenation.(Topicsentence)Itisveryconvenientforpeopletodrivetowork,studyanddomanyotherthings.Byencouragingpeopletobuycars,thenationcanstimulateconsumptionandthedomesticdemand,andenhancethenationaleconomy.(SupportingSentences)11A二、擴(kuò)展句1.擴(kuò)展句是以主題句為中心，逐步展開段落，它一般由2.）擴(kuò)展句要能支持主題句的觀點(diǎn)，因此要有具體的facts,我們可以運(yùn)用理論論證、事實(shí)論證、舉例論證、數(shù)據(jù)論證或解釋說明等各種方式來寫擴(kuò)展句。做到“有話可說”。學(xué)生范例“PracticeMakesPerfect”Itiswellknownthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”.Soifyoudonotpracticealot,howcanyougraspaskill?Wehavetopracticeifwewanttodosomethingperfectly.這三個(gè)擴(kuò)展句沒有對(duì)論點(diǎn)展開具體的闡述。只是翻來覆去地重復(fù)表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)，是典型空洞無物的句子。12A2.）擴(kuò)展句要能支持主題句的觀點(diǎn)，因此要有具體的facts,參考范例PracticeMakesPerfectItiswidelyacceptedthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”,whichmeansthatifyoupracticemore,andthenyoucanbemoreskillfulandexcellent.(提出觀點(diǎn)并加以解釋)Therefore,wehavetokeeppracticingalotifwewanttobesuccessful.(強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn))13A參考范例13ASexEducation1.現(xiàn)在人們?cè)絹碓街匾曅越逃?.開展性教育的意義3.家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)應(yīng)該怎么做作文實(shí)例14ASexEducation作文實(shí)例14A學(xué)生范例SexEducationNow,peoplethinkhighlyoftheeducationaboutsex.Asweallknow,theteenagersarecuriousabouteverythingespeciallythesex.Ifwedon’tlettheteenagersknowtheknowledgeofsex,theymaydosomethingdangeroustomakethemselvesclear.So,itisnecessarytodosexeducation.空洞無物15A學(xué)生范例SexEducation15AMyversionAsisknowntoall,theConfucius’theorythatstronglyemphasizes“goodmanners”,whichimpliesthatideasandbehaviorsrelatedtosexshouldbeconsideredasobsceneandevil,hasbeenathousand-yearruleroftheChinesementalworld.Althoughtoday‘sChinesepeoplearemuchmoreopen,sexstillremainsasensitivetopicinourdailylife.Sexeducationhasalwaysbeenalowpriorityinschools,andparentsareoftenreluctanttotalkaboutthestill-tabooissue.16AMyversionAsisknownto正面范例2002年6月”StudentUseofComputers”since1990,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthinstudentuseofcomputers.Andinmanyschoolstheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsusingcomputersgrewto20hoursperweekin2000.17A正面范例2002年6月”StudentUseofCo3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無關(guān)的句子都應(yīng)刪去HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities18A3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無關(guān)的句子都應(yīng)刪去。

19A3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無4.)要正確地使用連接詞，做好擴(kuò)展句和主題句之間的過度和銜接，使句子之間有邏輯性和連貫性。例如：1999年6月真題“ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?”

Somemayproclaimthatselectivereadingisthebestwaytoattainhighefficiency.(主要擴(kuò)展句1)Theymaintainsuchanideabecausestudents‘precioustimeforreadingisquitelimited.(次要擴(kuò)展句)Incontrast,theobjectorsthinkthatstudentscannotgetageneralviewabouttheworldwithoutextensivereading.(主要擴(kuò)展句2)Theyarguethatstudentsshouldabsorballkindsofknowledge.(次要擴(kuò)展句)20A4.)要正確地使用連接詞，做好擴(kuò)展句和主題句之間的過度和銜接三、結(jié)尾句結(jié)尾句的定義段落的結(jié)尾句一般用來總結(jié)段落的中心思想，同事在段落中起著段落收尾的工作。例如：

AsfarasI’mconcerned,loveisthemostvaluableandbeautifulthingintheworld.Withoutit,theworldisjustlikeadesert.Therefore,weshouldloveeachotherandmaketheworldabetterplace.21A三、結(jié)尾句21A2.結(jié)尾句的特點(diǎn)1.）總結(jié)全文的作用“HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview”

結(jié)尾句：“Aboveall,weshouldmakepainstakingeffortstobetruthfulaboutourpersonalinformation.”2.)首尾呼應(yīng)

PracticeMakesPerfectItiswidelyacceptedthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”,whichmeansthatifyoupracticemore,andthenyoucanbemoreskillfulandexcellent.(提出觀點(diǎn)并加以解釋)therefore,wehavetokeeppracticingalotifwewanttobesuccessful.(強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn))22A2.結(jié)尾句的特點(diǎn)22A結(jié)尾句：Infact,notonlyintheoreticalstudybutalsoinpracticallearning,wehavetopracticeasmanytimesaswecantoachieveouraims.3.)一般來說，結(jié)尾句有兩種寫法：a.restatementb.summaryInsummary,tosummarize,inshort…,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,toconclude,allinall,ashasbeensaid,tosumup.Toputitdifferently,inotherwords,namely,insimplerterms.23A結(jié)尾句：Infact,notonlyintheor2001年1月四級(jí)題“HowtosucceedinaJobInterview”1.)面試在求職過程中的作用2.）取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……

Nowadays,wheneverwewanttogetemployed,wewillhavetogothroughajobinterview.（主題句）Itisreallyimportanttoeveryoneofus.(擴(kuò)展句1)Sowemusttakestepstodosomethinginpreparation.（擴(kuò)展句2）24A2001年1月四級(jí)題Nowadays,whene

Manystepscanbetakentobesuccessfulinajobinterview.(主題句)Firstofall,weshouldbeneatlydressed,fortherightclotheswornattherighttimecangaintherespectofaswellasleaveafavorableimpressionontheinterviewer.(擴(kuò)展句1)Inaddition,weshouldbepreparedtotalkreadilyabouttherequirementsoftheposition.(擴(kuò)展句2)Finally,itisclearthat,tobereallyimpressive,wemustshowsomeself-confidenceandinterestinthejobweareapplyingfor.(擴(kuò)展句3)

25AManystepscanbetakentob

Aboveall,weshouldmakepainstakingeffortstobetruthfulaboutourpersonalinformation.(主題句)Andweshouldbecarefulneithertoshowtoomuchconcernforsalarynortocriticizeourformeremployer.(擴(kuò)展句)

文章結(jié)尾簡潔明了，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題，整篇文章一氣呵成。26AAboveall,weshouldmakepaExercise填出下列句子中所缺的主題句，擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)尾句1.______________________________________.First,youneedtohaveenoughtimetorequestandthensubmitallthenecessaryacademicrecords.Second,theadmissionsofficemusthaveenoughtimetolookatyouracademicrecordsanddecideifyouwillbeaccepted.Finally,manyuniversitieshaveaquota,orspecialnumber,ofstudentswhomayentereverysemester.Therearethreeimportantstepstofollowifyouwanttoenterauniversity.27AExerciseTherearethreeimport2.Somepeoplethinkthatsportsbenefitsusinmanyrespects.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Whentakingpartinsports,wegetthechancetotrainalmostallpartsofourbody.Furthermore,sportscanalsoenrichourlifeandmaintainourpsychologicalhealth,whichteachesusaboutconsideration,cooperationandoptimism,andhowtocopewithdifficulties.28A2.Somepeoplethinkthatspore.g.Thereare

manybenefitsofdoingphysicalexercise.Asweknown,doingexcisecanleadourbodyproducelotsofabulencebenefitedtoourhealth,GR

wecanresistthediseasetoprotectourbody,sowedoingalotofexcise,GRwecouldhaveastrongbody,andwewill

neverhavesomediseasesuchasheadache,feverandcold,else,wecanprotectourselvesandthepoeplewhowecareaboutifwehaveastrongbody.Nowadays,moreandmorepoeplebecomepayattentiontodoingexcise,GR

inparticularlytheold,theymaybedidn'tseetheimportencetoexcisewhenyoungeGR,butwhenthey

becomeolderand

olderfeeltheycan'tdomanythingbecauseoftheirbed

health,GRso

weshouldstartdoingexcisefromnowon,then,wewillnotfeelregretwhenweareold.

29Ae.g.Thereare

manybenefits范例Thereare

manybenefitsofdoingphysicalexercise.Apparently,itcanstrengthenmusclesthroughoutthebody,andmakeourheartpumpefficiently,whichreducetherateofgettingheartdisease.Asmanywomenknow,aerobicexerciseburnsfatintheirbodyandkeepthemslender.Besides,itincreasesthetotalnumberofredbloodcells,facilitatingtransportofoxygen.Asidefromthesebenefitsabove,there'remanyotheradvantagesthatmostpeopledon'tknow.Itcanreducebloodpressure,improvementalhealth.Inaword,aerobicexercisehasmanybenefits.Sodosomeexercisetobuildastrongbody.

30A范例Thereare

manybenefitsof3.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththeformeropinion.Finally,readingselectivelyisnotequaltoreadingwithdiscrimination.Secondly,studentswouldhavelesstimereadingrelevantbooks.Lastbutnoleast,readingirrelevantbooksonlywastesourtime.Inaword,____________________________________________________________________________.readingselectivelyisthebestpolicyinstudy.31A3.AsfarasIamconcerned,I寫一個(gè)段落，闡述你對(duì)于SchoolUniforms(校服)的觀點(diǎn)32A寫一個(gè)段落，闡述你對(duì)于SchoolUniforms(校段落寫作的一致性和凝聚力段落的coherenceandcohesion是指段落的一致性和凝聚力。只有當(dāng)主題句、擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)論句之間有其內(nèi)在的凝聚力時(shí)，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)才能緊湊有效。一、段落寫作的一致性（coherence）1.文章內(nèi)容要圍繞一個(gè)主題展開，要具有一致性2.句子要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的一致性；3.在使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要保持語法結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性。33A段落寫作的一致性和凝聚力段落的coherenceandI文章內(nèi)容的一致性However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaystoreducethepollutionfromcars.(主題句)Firstly,non-pollutingfuelcarscanbeused.（主要擴(kuò)展句1）Solongaswecanmakeuseofcheapnon-pollutingfuel,pollutionwillbegraduallydecreased.（次要擴(kuò)展句2）Secondly,peoplehadbetterusecarsaslittleaspossible.（主要擴(kuò)展句2）Thirdly,scientistsareconductingresearchtoimprovetheengine.（主要擴(kuò)展句3）注意邏輯的一致性，不要自相矛盾。34AI文章內(nèi)容的一致性34AII在一個(gè)句子或緊鄰的兩三個(gè)句子里要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)等地一致性。1.WhetheronelikestheInternetornot,weareactuallybombardedbyiteveryday.whetherweliketheInternetornot,weareactuallybombardedbyiteveryday.2.Nowvegetablesandfruitcanbeseeneverywherewhenitisinseason.Nowvegetablesandfruitcanbeseeneverywherewhentheyareinseason.3.Somethoughtitisnotasimportantasbefore.Somethoughtitwasnotasimportantasbefore.不要因?yàn)榛靵y的時(shí)態(tài)打破文章應(yīng)有的平滑性。35AII在一個(gè)句子或緊鄰的兩三個(gè)句子里要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)等地III.在一個(gè)句子或緊鄰的幾個(gè)句子中，在表達(dá)相同、或相近的幾個(gè)意思時(shí)，所用的語法要保持一致性。1.Inaword,everyonemusttakeresponsibilityandairpollutionwillgraduallybeeliminated.Inaword,everyonemusttakeresponsibilitytoeliminateairpollution.2.Itwillnotonlybecomeconvenient,butwillalsobemuchcheaper.Itwillnotonlybecomemoreconvenient,butwillalsobemuchcheaper.

在notonly…butalso,both…and,whether…or,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas等連接兩個(gè)成分的連詞中，其中兩個(gè)成分要盡量保持結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致。36AIII.在一個(gè)句子或緊鄰的幾個(gè)句子中，在表達(dá)相同、或相近的幾3.Makingcitiesgreenerhasalotofadvantages,suchastheimprovementoftheenvironment,contributionstoindustry,andmakingcitiesmorebeautiful.Makingcitiesgreenerhasalotofadvantages,suchastheimprovementoftheenvironment,contributionstoindustry,andbeautificationofcities.

37A3.Makingcitiesgreenerhasa4.Readingextensivelyisgoodforourmentalhealth,andthroughitwecanalsotrainourcharacter.Readingextensivelyisgoodforourmentalhealth,anditisalsobeneficialtothetrainingofourcharacter.

同樣的道理，在指同一件事情時(shí)，要盡量保持結(jié)構(gòu)的平行，尤其是在列舉多想內(nèi)容時(shí)。38A4.Readingextensivelyisgood5.Educationproblemsarecurrentlyofgreatconcerntonations,theworld,andhumanbeingsindividually.Educationproblemsarecurrentlyofgreatconcerntonations,totheworld,andtohumanbeingsindividually.6.Butotherpeoplearguethateveryonehastheresponsibilitytoprotectfreshwaterandwe’dbetterentitlelawstoregulateit.Butotherpeoplearguethateveryonehastheresponsibilitytoprotectfreshwaterandthatwe’dbetterentitlelawstoregulateit.

上面兩個(gè)例子分別缺失了to和that,不僅在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上不完整，也破壞了平行結(jié)構(gòu)。39A5.Educationproblemsarecurre二、段落寫作的的連貫性（cohesion）寫作時(shí)，句子的邏輯安排要具有連貫性，而連貫性就是指句子的前后銜接平滑、流暢、自然、連貫，并且是按邏輯順序排列。Goodbooks,ontheotherhand,teachandhelpchildrentodogoodthings.Goodbooksarechildren’srealcompanions,andtheyarebothinstructiveandinspiring.Childrenlearnpasteventsfromhistorybooks,studycommunicationbylanguagebooks,andlearnspaceandnumbersthroughmathematicsbooks.Inaword,differentkindsofgoodbookscangivealargeamountofideasandknowledge.40A二、段落寫作的的連貫性（cohesion）40A連接詞1.表轉(zhuǎn)折：although,despite,atthesametime,eventhough,however,inspiteof,regardlessof,onthecontrary…2.舉例關(guān)系：asfollows,forexample,forinstance,including…3.表因果：asaresult,accordingly,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,nowthat,since,hence,therefore…4.表遞進(jìn)：additionally,inaddition,besides,thatistosay,inotherwords,what’smore,lastbutnotleast…41A連接詞41AII.同義詞或近義詞段落中句子的表述需要同義詞和近義詞來解釋說明，以避免重復(fù)。Itseemssoinfusestrengthintomylimbs,andideasintomybrain.Lifeseemstogoonwithoutefforts,whenIamfilledwithmusic.42AII.同義詞或近義詞42AIII.“起，承，轉(zhuǎn)合”

1.Onthewhole,therearemanyreasonstoexplainit.起

2.Themainreasonisthatmoreandmorepeoplecometolargecitiestohuntforjobs,whichresultintheoverpopulationinthesecities.承

3.What’smore,thecostofthehousesriserapidly.承4.Thoughtherearemanyvacanthouses,somepeoplewithlowsalariesstillhavenoplacetolive.轉(zhuǎn)

5.Thirdly,theselargecitiesdeveloptheirownbusinessandindustry.承

6.Sothelandforbuildinghousesislimited.合

1句引起話題：造成房屋緊張的很多原因；2,3句承接逐句，解釋了兩個(gè)原因；4句畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，提出盡管空房很多，但是低收入的人住不起；5句承接主句，解釋第三個(gè)造成房屋緊缺的原因；6句總結(jié)本段，與收據(jù)呼應(yīng)。43AIII.“起，承，轉(zhuǎn)合”43AExercise1.______,Isupporttothelatteridea._______,tourismalsoneedstodevelopwththetimes,______itneedstocommunicatewiththeoutsideworld.______,______thedevelopmentoftourism,thegovernmentwillearnmoremoneytodevelopthelocaleconomy.44AExercise44A3._____,Iwillconcludethatuniversitiesshouldprovidebasictheoreticalcoursesandfocusonteachingpracticalcourses_____professionalskillswillbenefitthestudents’sfuturecareers,_____simpletheoriescanhelpthembemoresuccessful._____,veryfewgreatinventorscanbeorganizedthroughclassroomteaching____complicatedtheoriesviaindividualstudies.45A3._____,Iwillconcludethat2.Foranother,housingreformcanbehelpfultothedevelopmentofthecountry’seconomy.Moredemandsofhousingstimulatetherealestatemarket.Moreinvestmentwillbeattracted,____,otherrelevantindustries____constructionandmanufactureofconstructionmaterialsandmachinerywill____makeprofit._____,theconstructionwork_____createsmanyjobopportunities.Moreover,suchas,also,Besides,also46A2.Foranother,housingreformTheBigistheLittleNothingcanbedoneexceptlittlebylittle,theFrenchpoetBaudelaireCharlesoncesaidmostpeopleoftenignoresuchatruth.Sodoesthelittleboyshowninthepicture.Heexpresseshisworriestohisfatheraboutdisposingofnuclearwaste,butistoldthathecanachievenothingifhedoesn’temptythedustbinfirst.47ATheBigistheLittle47A48A48ATheimportanceoflearningbasicskillsWecanseethatinthispicture,ateacheristeachingherpupilstodealwitharithmeticquestions,butsomeofthemthinkthatlearningthesemathematicalskillsisuseless.Theyarguethatbythetimetheyareinthejobmarket,theseskillswillbeoutdated.Astowhetheritisimportanttolearnbasicskills,peopleholddifferentviews.49ATheimportanceoflearningbasWhichIsMoreImportantAscanbeseenfromthepictureabove,thereisaconversationbetweenasonanda

father.Thefathertoldhissonthatitismoreimportanttoemptythedustbinthantoworryaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste,thatistosay,smallthingsgofirstwhendealingwithbigthings.I’mdefinitelyonthefather’ssideinthisandI’msureI’mnotalone.50AWhichIsMoreImportant50ATheimportanceoflearningbasicskillsInthefaceofvariousandcomplicatedrequirementsofemploymentmarket,somestudentsbegintoquestionthesignificanceoflearningbasicknowledgeandskills,justaswhatisexposedinthecartoonabove.51ATheimportanceoflearningbasThanks52AThanks52A段落寫作53A段落寫作1A段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和寫法段落一般由主題句（topicsentence）,擴(kuò)展句（supportingsentence）,結(jié)論句（concludingsentence）組成。一.主題句主題句是對(duì)段落中心思想的概括，是作者主要意圖的反映，是段落的核心，其余部分要圍繞它展開論述，因此，主題句是整個(gè)段落的綱領(lǐng)。54A段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和寫法段落一般由主題句（topicsente例如：Privatecarsbenefitbothindividualsandnation.Itisveryconvenientforpeopletodrivetowork,studyanddomanyotherthings.Byencouragingpeopletobuycars,thenationcanstimulateconsumptionandthedomesticdemand,andenhancethenationaleconomy.55A例如：3A2.主題句的特點(diǎn)1.）主題句一般位于句首(開門見山)，這與漢語寫作中的總結(jié)性論述常常謂語段落結(jié)尾處不同。2.)主題句一般是簡單句。e.g.People’sviewontheholidayvariesfrompersontoperson.e.g.Itiswellknownthatholidayareimportantforusandconcerningtheholidayeconomy,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.56A2.主題句的特點(diǎn)4A3.)主題句一般是議論句，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。要有point\topic.這樣我們后面的擴(kuò)展句才能夠展開。1.Privatecarsbenefitbothindividualsandnation.2.People’sviewontheholidayeconomyvariesfrompersontoperson.3.Itiswellknownthatholidayareimportantforusandconcerningtheholidayeconomy,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.

57A3.)主題句一般是議論句，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。要有point\對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子：1.Twentystudentsattendedtheschool’sChristmasparty.2.Theschool’sChristmaspartyisasboreasusual.4.)主題句除了要有topic以外，還要有controllingidea,也就是說要具體，不要大而空。e.g.Bikesareveryimportant.e.g.Bikeshavebroughtalotofconveniencetoourdailylife.58A對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子：6A5.)分段式主題句。沒有具體的controllingidea.e.g.Peoplehavebeentryingtosolvethisprobleminthefollowingthreeways:…59A5.)分段式主題句。沒有具體的controllingide英語提綱式作文中文提綱作文：分析推敲提綱與題目的關(guān)系，明確命題要求Eg.TheChangingCriteriaforGoodStudents①過去，人們對(duì)好學(xué)生的看法是②現(xiàn)在人們的看法已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變③總的來說，該變化是提綱作文60A英語提綱式作文提綱作文8AAnalysis:①通過提綱分析可見，既要說明人們?cè)谶^去和現(xiàn)在對(duì)好學(xué)生的看法是什么，有些什么變化，而且要明確這種變化是隨社會(huì)的進(jìn)步而朝好的方向發(fā)展，否則就沒有使標(biāo)題升華。②要寫出每段的主題句--要能說明段落中心思想，確定全段內(nèi)容重心、范圍和敘述、說明的角度--要有體現(xiàn)中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞（包括體現(xiàn)主題意義或范圍的核心詞或短語)--要簡潔明了，直截了當(dāng)61AAnalysis:9AInthepast,agoodstudentreferstoonewhowasonlygoodatstudies.(舉例說明:study-centeredbothathome&inschool)Nowthecriteriaforgoodstsarechanging.(詳細(xì)敘述:學(xué)習(xí)好，興趣廣，能力強(qiáng)，身體棒。。。)Generallyspeaking,criteriaforgoodstsarechangingforthebetter.(舉例說明變化的必要和好處)62AInthepast,agoodstudentre二、擴(kuò)展句1.擴(kuò)展句是以主題句為中心，逐步展開段落，它一般由一組意思連貫的句子組成。擴(kuò)展句要內(nèi)容翔實(shí)而簡明扼要，表達(dá)清楚而有較強(qiáng)的說服力。擴(kuò)展句MajorSupportingSentenceMinorSupportingSentence2.擴(kuò)展句的特點(diǎn)1.）擴(kuò)展句一般多為長句e.g.Privatecarsbenefitsbothindividualsandthenation.(Topicsentence)Itisveryconvenientforpeopletodrivetowork,studyanddomanyotherthings.Byencouragingpeopletobuycars,thenationcanstimulateconsumptionandthedomesticdemand,andenhancethenationaleconomy.(SupportingSentences)63A二、擴(kuò)展句1.擴(kuò)展句是以主題句為中心，逐步展開段落，它一般由2.）擴(kuò)展句要能支持主題句的觀點(diǎn)，因此要有具體的facts,我們可以運(yùn)用理論論證、事實(shí)論證、舉例論證、數(shù)據(jù)論證或解釋說明等各種方式來寫擴(kuò)展句。做到“有話可說”。學(xué)生范例“PracticeMakesPerfect”Itiswellknownthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”.Soifyoudonotpracticealot,howcanyougraspaskill?Wehavetopracticeifwewanttodosomethingperfectly.這三個(gè)擴(kuò)展句沒有對(duì)論點(diǎn)展開具體的闡述。只是翻來覆去地重復(fù)表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)，是典型空洞無物的句子。64A2.）擴(kuò)展句要能支持主題句的觀點(diǎn)，因此要有具體的facts,參考范例PracticeMakesPerfectItiswidelyacceptedthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”,whichmeansthatifyoupracticemore,andthenyoucanbemoreskillfulandexcellent.(提出觀點(diǎn)并加以解釋)Therefore,wehavetokeeppracticingalotifwewanttobesuccessful.(強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn))65A參考范例13ASexEducation1.現(xiàn)在人們?cè)絹碓街匾曅越逃?.開展性教育的意義3.家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)應(yīng)該怎么做作文實(shí)例66ASexEducation作文實(shí)例14A學(xué)生范例SexEducationNow,peoplethinkhighlyoftheeducationaboutsex.Asweallknow,theteenagersarecuriousabouteverythingespeciallythesex.Ifwedon’tlettheteenagersknowtheknowledgeofsex,theymaydosomethingdangeroustomakethemselvesclear.So,itisnecessarytodosexeducation.空洞無物67A學(xué)生范例SexEducation15AMyversionAsisknowntoall,theConfucius’theorythatstronglyemphasizes“goodmanners”,whichimpliesthatideasandbehaviorsrelatedtosexshouldbeconsideredasobsceneandevil,hasbeenathousand-yearruleroftheChinesementalworld.Althoughtoday‘sChinesepeoplearemuchmoreopen,sexstillremainsasensitivetopicinourdailylife.Sexeducationhasalwaysbeenalowpriorityinschools,andparentsareoftenreluctanttotalkaboutthestill-tabooissue.68AMyversionAsisknownto正面范例2002年6月”StudentUseofComputers”since1990,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthinstudentuseofcomputers.Andinmanyschoolstheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsusingcomputersgrewto20hoursperweekin2000.69A正面范例2002年6月”StudentUseofCo3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無關(guān)的句子都應(yīng)刪去HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities70A3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無關(guān)的句子都應(yīng)刪去。

71A3.）擴(kuò)展句在補(bǔ)充說明主題句時(shí)要直接，單刀直入，任何與主題無4.)要正確地使用連接詞，做好擴(kuò)展句和主題句之間的過度和銜接，使句子之間有邏輯性和連貫性。例如：1999年6月真題“ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?”

Somemayproclaimthatselectivereadingisthebestwaytoattainhighefficiency.(主要擴(kuò)展句1)Theymaintainsuchanideabecausestudents‘precioustimeforreadingisquitelimited.(次要擴(kuò)展句)Incontrast,theobjectorsthinkthatstudentscannotgetageneralviewabouttheworldwithoutextensivereading.(主要擴(kuò)展句2)Theyarguethatstudentsshouldabsorballkindsofknowledge.(次要擴(kuò)展句)72A4.)要正確地使用連接詞，做好擴(kuò)展句和主題句之間的過度和銜接三、結(jié)尾句結(jié)尾句的定義段落的結(jié)尾句一般用來總結(jié)段落的中心思想，同事在段落中起著段落收尾的工作。例如：

AsfarasI’mconcerned,loveisthemostvaluableandbeautifulthingintheworld.Withoutit,theworldisjustlikeadesert.Therefore,weshouldloveeachotherandmaketheworldabetterplace.73A三、結(jié)尾句21A2.結(jié)尾句的特點(diǎn)1.）總結(jié)全文的作用“HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview”

結(jié)尾句：“Aboveall,weshouldmakepainstakingeffortstobetruthfulaboutourpersonalinformation.”2.)首尾呼應(yīng)

PracticeMakesPerfectItiswidelyacceptedthat“PracticeMakesPerfect”,whichmeansthatifyoupracticemore,andthenyoucanbemoreskillfulandexcellent.(提出觀點(diǎn)并加以解釋)therefore,wehavetokeeppracticingalotifwewanttobesuccessful.(強(qiáng)調(diào)作者的觀點(diǎn))74A2.結(jié)尾句的特點(diǎn)22A結(jié)尾句：Infact,notonlyintheoreticalstudybutalsoinpracticallearning,wehavetopracticeasmanytimesaswecantoachieveouraims.3.)一般來說，結(jié)尾句有兩種寫法：a.restatementb.summaryInsummary,tosummarize,inshort…,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,toconclude,allinall,ashasbeensaid,tosumup.Toputitdifferently,inotherwords,namely,insimplerterms.75A結(jié)尾句：Infact,notonlyintheor2001年1月四級(jí)題“HowtosucceedinaJobInterview”1.)面試在求職過程中的作用2.）取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……

Nowadays,wheneverwewanttogetemployed,wewillhavetogothroughajobinterview.（主題句）Itisreallyimportanttoeveryoneofus.(擴(kuò)展句1)Sowemusttakestepstodosomethinginpreparation.（擴(kuò)展句2）76A2001年1月四級(jí)題Nowadays,whene

Manystepscanbetakentobesuccessfulinajobinterview.(主題句)Firstofall,weshouldbeneatlydressed,fortherightclotheswornattherighttimecangaintherespectofaswellasleaveafavorableimpressionontheinterviewer.(擴(kuò)展句1)Inaddition,weshouldbepreparedtotalkreadilyabouttherequirementsoftheposition.(擴(kuò)展句2)Finally,itisclearthat,tobereallyimpressive,wemustshowsomeself-confidenceandinterestinthejobweareapplyingfor.(擴(kuò)展句3)

77AManystepscanbetakentob

Aboveall,weshouldmakepainstakingeffortstobetruthfulaboutourpersonalinformation.(主題句)Andweshouldbecarefulneithertoshowtoomuchconcernforsalarynortocriticizeourformeremployer.(擴(kuò)展句)

文章結(jié)尾簡潔明了，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題，整篇文章一氣呵成。78AAboveall,weshouldmakepaExercise填出下列句子中所缺的主題句，擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)尾句1.______________________________________.First,youneedtohaveenoughtimetorequestandthensubmitallthenecessaryacademicrecords.Second,theadmissionsofficemusthaveenoughtimetolookatyouracademicrecordsanddecideifyouwillbeaccepted.Finally,manyuniversitieshaveaquota,orspecialnumber,ofstudentswhomayentereverysemester.Therearethreeimportantstepstofollowifyouwanttoenterauniversity.79AExerciseTherearethreeimport2.Somepeoplethinkthatsportsbenefitsusinmanyrespects.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------