SummaryWritingSummaryWritingObjectives

GiveanappropriatedefinitionforasummaryKnowthecharacteristicsofagoodsummaryLearnthetechniquesinsummarywritingLearnthestepsinsummarywritingPracticeObjectivesGiveanappropriateI.Whatisasummary?Asummaryisashortenedpassage,whichretainstheessentialinformationoftheoriginal.Itisafairlybriefrestatement---inyourownwords

---ofthecontentsofapassage.Note:yousimplyreportbackwhatthewriterhassaid,withoutmakingvaluejudgments.I.Whatisasummary?AsummaryUse

ofSummaryWritingVerygoodexerciseforimprovingreadingcomprehension;Helpfultocompositionwriting;Havingpracticaluses.UseofSummaryWritingVerygoII.CharacteristicsofagoodsummaryCanbeunderstoodwithoutreferencetotheoriginal;Isafaithful

reproductionof,orcontainsonlytheideasorinformationof,theoriginal;Isbriefwithoutanyunnecessarydetail;IsareadableunifiedwholeII.CharacteristicsofagoodIII.Howtowriteasummary?TheimportanceofsummarywritingNecessaryelementsforagoodsummaryPropercitation

title,author,source;dateofpublicationandthetext(journalarticles)III.Howtowriteasummary?ThThesisstatement

thetopicorgeneralsubjectmatterofthetext;theauthor’smajorassertion,comment,orpositiononthetopicThesisstatementSupportingideas

majorsupportingideas;relationshipsamongtheseideasnospecificstheauthor’spurposeinwritingnopersonalopinions,ideas,andinferences.SupportingideasGrammarandthestructureofwritingavoiddirectquotation;usetransitionalwordsLength

1/4to1/3oftheoriginalGrammarandthestructureofwReadthearticleTounderstandthearticleandfindthegeneraltheme.RereadthearticleDivideintosectionsandlabeleachsection.Understandtheimportantparts.Writeone-sentencesummaries

Summarizeeachsectionofthought.StepsinwritingasummaryReadthearticleStepsinwritiReadingReadthepassagethroughcarefullytogetthegistofit;Giveatitletoyoursummary;Youshouldnowinthepositiontodecidewhatpartsofthepassageareessentialandwhatpartsarecomparativelyunimportantandcanbeomittedwithoutmuchloss.Jotdowninbriefnotesthemainpoints.ReadingReadthepassagethrouFormulatethethesisstatementWeavetheone-sentencesection-summariestogether.WritethefirstdraftIn

thefirstsentenceortwo:Theauthor’snameThearticle’sorchapter’snameTheauthor’sthesisstatementThenthesummarysentencesforeachparagraphorsection.FormulatethethesisstatementExpressinyourownwords,toavoidplagiarism.Occasionalsupportingideasifnecessary.Note:Eliminateunnecessarywordsandrepetitions.Eliminatepersonalideasandinferences.Usetransitionsforasmoothandlogicalflowofideas.Concludewitha‘summingup’sentence.Expressinyourownwords,toEditthedraftIsalltheimportantinformationinthesummary?AmIlistingthingsout?AmIsayingthesamethingoverandoveragain?HaveIleftoutmypersonalviewsandideas?Doesmysummary‘hangtogether’?Ismygrammar,punctuation,andspellingcorrect?WritethefinaldraftEditthedraftIV.TechniquesinsummarywritingParaphrasing Toparaphrasemeanstocompletelyandcorrectlyexpressotherpeople’sideasinone’sownwords.IV.TechniquesinsummarywritExamples:

1.You’vecookedusallahotpotato.(atroublesomepersonorissue)2.Preventionisbetterthancure. (Itisbettertopreventsomething unpleasantfromhappeningthan trytoputitrightafterwards.)Examples:1.You’vecooked★Ithelpsusunderstandtheoriginalbetter.★Ithelpsusgraspthecentralideaandthemainpoints.★Ithelpsuswritesummariesthatarebriefandtothepoint,andinourownwords.Theimportanceofparaphrasing★Ithelpsusunderstandtheor★Readtheoriginalcarefullyandcomprehenditsmeaningwhollyandcorrectly.★Considertheoriginalarticleasawhole,notinisolatedsentences.Stepsofparaphrasing★ReadtheoriginalcarefullyaGraspingthecentralideasIII.TechniquesinsummarywritingGraspingthecentralideasIII.WaysofcondensationUsesynonymsorsynonymousphrasesHehadagoodcommandofEnglish.(HeknewEnglishwell.)ChangethestructureofsimplesentencesMybrotherhasanappreciationofmodernart.(Mybrotherappreciatesmodernart.)III.TechniquesinsummarywritingWaysofcondensationIII.TechnTurncomplexsentencesintosimplesentencesHereceivedawelcomethatwasascoldasice.(Hereceivedanicywelcome.)CombinethesentencesHurryup.Ifyoudon’t,you’llmissthetrain.(Hurryuporyou’llmissthetrain.)TurncomplexsentencesintosiFindingthetopicsentenceandmakinganoutline

topicsentence

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outlineFindingthetopicsentenceandTechniquesinsummaryOmitdetails.Reducetheexamples.Simplifythedescriptions.Eliminateallrepetitions.TechniquesinsummaryCompresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowords"Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.“"Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.“"Theaccountthewitnessgaveoftheincidentmadeeveryonethathearditlaugh."

CompresswordysentencesandcReplaceclausesorsentenceswithphrasesBeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andYellowMountain,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthosemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.ReplaceclausesorsentenceswBeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettercommunication.BeautifulmountainslikeMountUsegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwordsShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.UsegeneralwordsinsteadofsUsetheshortestpossibletransitions.Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeeches.UsetheshortestpossibletranKatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:"Youusemuchtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul-it'snotatallgoodforyou!"Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:"Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn'thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingcardboardorsand...justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!"Katewaspatient.Shedidn'twanttoquarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidfirmly:"Buttoomuchsaltisbadforyou.Itcauseshighbloodpressureandlateron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguisesthetastesoffood,therealtastes,whicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore."KatelookedatPauldisapproviKatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.ShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddoharmtoPaul'shealthandthatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheAthirdkindofthinkingoccurswhenwearetoldthatourbeliefsandopinionsarewrong.Wemayhavebeenheedlessintheirformation,butourself-esteemwillnotpermitustochange.Wemayhavetogiveup,butwearenotconvinced.Wedonotstudytheoriginofourbeliefs;webelieveaswehavebeenaccustomedtobelieve,andweseekargumentsforcontinuingtobelieveaswealreadydo.AthirdkindofthinkingoccurSummaryWritingSummaryWritingObjectives

GiveanappropriatedefinitionforasummaryKnowthecharacteristicsofagoodsummaryLearnthetechniquesinsummarywritingLearnthestepsinsummarywritingPracticeObjectivesGiveanappropriateI.Whatisasummary?Asummaryisashortenedpassage,whichretainstheessentialinformationoftheoriginal.Itisafairlybriefrestatement---inyourownwords

---ofthecontentsofapassage.Note:yousimplyreportbackwhatthewriterhassaid,withoutmakingvaluejudgments.I.Whatisasummary?AsummaryUse

ofSummaryWritingVerygoodexerciseforimprovingreadingcomprehension;Helpfultocompositionwriting;Havingpracticaluses.UseofSummaryWritingVerygoII.CharacteristicsofagoodsummaryCanbeunderstoodwithoutreferencetotheoriginal;Isafaithful

reproductionof,orcontainsonlytheideasorinformationof,theoriginal;Isbriefwithoutanyunnecessarydetail;IsareadableunifiedwholeII.CharacteristicsofagoodIII.Howtowriteasummary?TheimportanceofsummarywritingNecessaryelementsforagoodsummaryPropercitation

title,author,source;dateofpublicationandthetext(journalarticles)III.Howtowriteasummary?ThThesisstatement

thetopicorgeneralsubjectmatterofthetext;theauthor’smajorassertion,comment,orpositiononthetopicThesisstatementSupportingideas

majorsupportingideas;relationshipsamongtheseideasnospecificstheauthor’spurposeinwritingnopersonalopinions,ideas,andinferences.SupportingideasGrammarandthestructureofwritingavoiddirectquotation;usetransitionalwordsLength

1/4to1/3oftheoriginalGrammarandthestructureofwReadthearticleTounderstandthearticleandfindthegeneraltheme.RereadthearticleDivideintosectionsandlabeleachsection.Understandtheimportantparts.Writeone-sentencesummaries

Summarizeeachsectionofthought.StepsinwritingasummaryReadthearticleStepsinwritiReadingReadthepassagethroughcarefullytogetthegistofit;Giveatitletoyoursummary;Youshouldnowinthepositiontodecidewhatpartsofthepassageareessentialandwhatpartsarecomparativelyunimportantandcanbeomittedwithoutmuchloss.Jotdowninbriefnotesthemainpoints.ReadingReadthepassagethrouFormulatethethesisstatementWeavetheone-sentencesection-summariestogether.WritethefirstdraftIn

thefirstsentenceortwo:Theauthor’snameThearticle’sorchapter’snameTheauthor’sthesisstatementThenthesummarysentencesforeachparagraphorsection.FormulatethethesisstatementExpressinyourownwords,toavoidplagiarism.Occasionalsupportingideasifnecessary.Note:Eliminateunnecessarywordsandrepetitions.Eliminatepersonalideasandinferences.Usetransitionsforasmoothandlogicalflowofideas.Concludewitha‘summingup’sentence.Expressinyourownwords,toEditthedraftIsalltheimportantinformationinthesummary?AmIlistingthingsout?AmIsayingthesamethingoverandoveragain?HaveIleftoutmypersonalviewsandideas?Doesmysummary‘hangtogether’?Ismygrammar,punctuation,andspellingcorrect?WritethefinaldraftEditthedraftIV.TechniquesinsummarywritingParaphrasing Toparaphrasemeanstocompletelyandcorrectlyexpressotherpeople’sideasinone’sownwords.IV.TechniquesinsummarywritExamples:

1.You’vecookedusallahotpotato.(atroublesomepersonorissue)2.Preventionisbetterthancure. (Itisbettertopreventsomething unpleasantfromhappeningthan trytoputitrightafterwards.)Examples:1.You’vecooked★Ithelpsusunderstandtheoriginalbetter.★Ithelpsusgraspthecentralideaandthemainpoints.★Ithelpsuswritesummariesthatarebriefandtothepoint,andinourownwords.Theimportanceofparaphrasing★Ithelpsusunderstandtheor★Readtheoriginalcarefullyandcomprehenditsmeaningwhollyandcorrectly.★Considertheoriginalarticleasawhole,notinisolatedsentences.Stepsofparaphrasing★ReadtheoriginalcarefullyaGraspingthecentralideasIII.TechniquesinsummarywritingGraspingthecentralideasIII.WaysofcondensationUsesynonymsorsynonymousphrasesHehadagoodcommandofEnglish.(HeknewEnglishwell.)ChangethestructureofsimplesentencesMybrotherhasanappreciationofmodernart.(Mybrotherappreciatesmodernart.)III.TechniquesinsummarywritingWaysofcondensationIII.TechnTurncomplexsentencesintosimplesentencesHereceivedawelcomethatwasascoldasice.(Hereceivedanicywelcome.)CombinethesentencesHurryup.Ifyoudon’t,you’llmissthetrain.(Hurryuporyou’llmissthetrain.)TurncomplexsentencesintosiFindingthetopicsentenceandmakinganoutline

topicsentence

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outlineFindingthetopicsentenceandTechniquesinsummaryOmitdetails.Reducetheexamples.Simplifythedescriptions.Eliminateallrepetitions.TechniquesinsummaryCompresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowords"Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.“"Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.“"Theaccountthewitnessgaveoftheincidentmadeeveryonethathearditlaugh."

CompresswordysentencesandcReplaceclausesorsentenceswithphrasesBeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andYellowMountain,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthosemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.ReplaceclausesorsentenceswBeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettercommunication.BeautifulmountainslikeMountUsegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwordsShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacati