2013年6月四級(jí)考試真題（第一套）PartIWritingPartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofreadingliterature.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SurvivingtheRecessionAmerica’srecessionbeganquietlyattheendof2007.Sincethenithasevolvedintoaglobalcrisis.Reasonablepeoplemaydisagreeaboutwhomtoblame.Financierswhowerenotascleverastheythoughttheywere?Regulatorsfallingasleepatwork?Consumerswhoborrowedtoomuch?Politicianswhothoughtlesslypromotedhome-ownershipforthosewhocouldnotaffordit?Allareguilty;andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployed—roughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassincebouncedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby12.8%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,aneconomistatMoody’sE,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmerica’seconomyby3.5%intotal.Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmentthey’veeverseen.Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median(中位數(shù)的)payforchiefexecutivesofS&P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrowngiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone:medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&P500fellby2.7%.Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis“puttingthesamenumbersontheboard”,saysMrSorenson.Thehotelbust(不景氣)，likemostbusts,wasprecededbyabreathtakingboom.Althoughmanyotherbigfirmsresistedthetemptationtoover-borrow,developersborrowedheavilyandbuiltbiggerandfancierhotelsasifthewholeworldwereplanningaholidayinLasVegas.Whenthebubbleburst,demandcollapsed.Hotelownersfoundthemselveswithahugenumberofemptyroomsevenasalotofunnecessarynewhotelswerereadytoopen.Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers—GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler—accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.Hardtimesbreedhardfeelings.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats(替罪羊).Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.

Extravagance(奢侈)isoutBusinessfolkarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector’sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganisedlabourdoesnotoverplayitshand.Thecrisiswillprovehugelydisruptive(破壞性的)，however.Badmanagementtechniqueswillbeexposed.Necessitywillforcetheswiftadoptionofmoreefficientones.Atthesametime,technologicalinnovation(創(chuàng)新)willbarelypauseforbreath,andtwobigpoliticalchangesseemlikely.MrObama’splantocurbcarbondioxide(CO,emissions(排放),thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganisationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMrObama’sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts—abigif—itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesseswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,nottheiremployers.Inthenextcoupleofyearsthebusinessesthatthrivewillbethosethataretightwithcosts,carefulofdebt,cautiouswithcashflowandextremelyattentivetowhatcustomerswant.Theywillincludeplentyofnamesnoonehasyetheardof.Timeschange,andcorporationschangewiththem.In1955Time'sManoftheYearwasHarlowCurtice,thebossofGM.HisfirmwasleadingAmericatowards“aneweconomicorder”，themagazinewrote.ThankstomenlikeCurtice,“thebondsofscarcity”hadbeenbrokenandAmericawasrolling“toanall-timehighofprosperity”.Soon,Americanswouldneedtospend“comparativelylittletimeearningaliving”.HalfacenturylaterGMisatypicalexampleofpoormanagement.InMarchitschiefexecutivewasfiredbyTime,scurrentManoftheYear,MrObama.Thegovernmentnowbacksupthedomesticcarindustry,lendingitmoneyandoverseeingitsturnaroundplans.Withluck,thiswillbeshort-lived.ButthereisadangerthatWashingtonwillendupmicromanagingnotonlyDetroitbutalsootherpartsoftheeconomy.AndcleverasMrObama’sadvisersare,historysuggeststheywillbebadatthis.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatAmericasrecessionistheresultof.amessyrealestatemarketC)unregulatedcompetitionacombinationofcausesD)financiers’mismanagementAttheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankby.57%15%12.8%57%15%3.5%AccordingtoArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,thecurrentrecession.wastheworsthehadeverseensinceWorldWarIIreducedhisrevenuestoaquarterofnormalyearshithisbusinessashardasthe9/11terroristattackspoiledhisplanstobuildmorehotelsinLasVegasTheBigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurvivebecause.theirproductioncapacityhasshrunktolessthanhalfofthepreviousyeartheirtechnologyhasfallenbehindtheircompetitors7elsewhereintheworldtheyhaveborrowedtooheavilyandaccumulatedtoolargeamountsofdebttheycannotcopewiththeruinouscostsaccumulatedoverthepost-waryearsGoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasinorderto.raiseitsefficiencyC)avoidseemingwastefulcutunnecessarycostsD)havefuninSanFranciscoTheauthorofthisreportseemstobe.againsttoomuchgovernmentinterferenceintheeconomyoptimisticaboutObama'sefforttoreduceCO?emissionsinterestedinpoliticalandeconomicreformsconcernedabouttheinterestsoftheworkforceAccordingtotheauthor,Obama'splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswill.notbenefitAmerica'sindustryC)dogoodtotheenvironmentbenefitthewholenationD)bynomeansbeinexpensiveBecauseHarlowCurtice'sfirmwasleadingAmericaincreating“aneweconomicorder”，hewasnamedbyTimemagazineasin1955.InMarch,GeneralMotors'chiefexecutivewasfiredbyMrObamafor.TheauthorisafraidthattheObamaadministrationwillendupAmerica'seconomy.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Thewomanisthemanager7ssecretary.Themanfoundhimselfinawrongplace.Themanisthemanager7sbusinessassociate.Thewomanwasputtingupasignonthewall.A)Heneedsmoretimeforthereport.Heneedshelptointerpretthedata.Heissorrynottohavehelpedthewoman.Hedoesnothavesufficientdatatogoon.A)AfriendformNewYork.C)Apostaldelivery.AmessagefromTony.D)Achangeintheweather.A)Sheisnotavailableuntiltheendofnextweek.Sheisnotareliablesourceofinformation.Shedoesnotliketakingexams.Shedoesnotlikepsychology.A)Hewillhelpthewomancarrythesuitcase.Thewoman’swatchistwentyminutesfast.Thewomanshouldn’tmakesuchabigfuss.Thereisnoneedforthewomantobeinahurry.A)Maryisnotsoeasygoingasher.Maryandshehavealotincommon.ShefindsithardtogetalongwithMary.Shedoesnotbelievewhatherneighborssaid.A)Ataninformationservice.C)Atarepairshop.Atacarwashpoint.D)Atadrycleaner’s.A)Thewomancametotheconcertattheman’srequest.Themanisalreadyfedupwithplayingthepiano.Thepieceofmusicthemanplayedisverypopular.Theman’suniquetalentsaretheenvyofmanypeople.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)HehastaughtSpanishforacoupleofyearsatalocalschool.HeworkedattheBrownstoneCompanyforseveralyears.HeownedasmallretailbusinessinMichiganyearsago.Hehasbeenworkingpart-timeinaschoolnearDetroit.A)Heprefersafull-timejobwithmoreresponsibility.Heiseagertofindajobwithanincreasedsalary.Helikestoworkinacompanyclosetohome.Hewouldrathergetalessdemandingjob.A)Sports.C)Foreignlanguages.Travel.D)Computergames.A)Whenheissupposedtostartwork.Whatresponsibilitieshewouldhave.Whenhewillbeinformedabouthisapplication.Whatcareeropportunitieshercompanycanoffer.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheispregnant.C)Shehasjustfinishedherproject.Sheisover50.D)Sheisagoodsaleswoman.A)HetakesgoodcareofLisa.C)Heisgoodatbusinessmanagement.HeistheCEOofagiantcompany.D)Heworksasasalesmanager.A)Itisinurgentneedoffurtherdevelopment.Itproducesgoodspopularamonglocalpeople.Ithasbeenlosingmarketshareinrecentyears.Itiswellpositionedtocompetewiththegiants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itislinedwithtalltress.C)Ithashighbuildingsonbothsides.B)Itwaswidenedrecently.D)ItusedtoB)Itwaswidenedrecently.A)TheyA)Theyrepaveditwithrocks.Theybuiltpublicrestroomsonit.A)Whatmakeslifeenjoyable.Howtoworkwithtools.Theybeautifieditwithplants.Theysetupcookingfacilitiesnearit.Whatacommunitymeans.Howtoimprovehealth.A)Theywereobligedtofulfillthesignedcontract.Theywereencouragedbythecityofficials’praise.Theywantedtoprovetheywereascapableasboys.Thederivedhappinessfromtheconstructivework.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Themajorityofthemthinkitlessimportantthancomputers.Manyofthemconsideritboringandold-fashioned.Themajorityofthemfinditinteresting.Fewofthemreadmorethantenbooksayear.A)Novelsandstories.C)Historyandsciencebooks.Mysteriesanddetectivestories.D)Booksoncultureandtradition.A)WatchingTV.C)Readingmagazines.Listeningtomusic.D)Playingcomputergames.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Adviceonthepurchaseofcars.Informationaboutthenewgreen-fuelvehicles.Trendsforthedevelopmentofthemotorcar.Solutionstoglobalfuelshortage.A)Limiteddrivingrange.C)Theshortlifeofbatteries.B)Hugerechargingexpenses.D)Theunaffordablehighprice.A)Theyneedtobefurtherimproved.Theycaneasilyswitchtonaturalgas.Theyaremorecost-effectivethanvehiclespoweredbysolarenergy.Theycanmatchconventionalmotorcarsinperformanceandsafety.SectionCDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.MyfavoriteT.V.show?“TheTwilightZone.”I(36)liketheepisodecalled“ThePrinter’sDevil.”It’saboutanewspapereditorwho’sbeing(37)outofbusinessbyabignewspapersyndicate—youknow,agroupofpapers(38)bythesamepeople.He’saboutto(39)suicidewhenhe’sinterruptedbyanoldmanwhosayshisnameisSmith.Theeditorisnotonlyoffered$5,000topayoffhisnewspaper’s(40),butthisSmithcharacteralsooffershis(41)forfree.Itturnsoutthattheguy(42)theprintingmachinewithamazingspeed,andsoonhe’sturningoutnewspaperswith(43)headlines.Thesmallpaperissuccessfulagain.TheeditorisamazedathowquicklySmithgetshisstories—onlyminutesaftertheyhappen—butsoonhe’spresentedwithacontracttosign.Mr.Smith,itseems,isreallythedevil!(44),soheagreestosign.ButsoonSmithisreportingthenewsevenbeforeithappens——andit’sallterrible——onedisasterafteranother.(45).Ireallyliketheseoldepisodesof“TheTwilightZone”becausethestoriesarefascinating.(46)PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAns"werSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Yo^ma^notuseanyofihewordsinfhebahkmorethanonce.maQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justwhenyouhadfiguredouthowtomanagefatinyourdiet,researchersarenowwarningagainstanothercommonmealtimepitfall(陷阱)一salt.AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF),StanfordUniversityandColumbiaUniversityshowsthatevena47decreaseindailysaltintake(攝入)canleadtodramatichealthbenefits.Theauthors48anannualdropofasmanyas120,000casesofheartdisease,66,00049ofstrokeand99,000heartattacks50byhighbloodpressureaftera3-g-per-dayreductioninsalt.Theadvantages,notsurprisingly,weregreaterforAfricanAmericans,whoaremorelikelyto51highbloodpressurethanotherethnicgroups,andfortheelderly,sincebloodvesselsstiffenwithage,whichcanleadtohigherbloodpressure.“EveryoneintheU.S.isconsumingsaltfarin52ofwhatisgoodforthem,”saysleadauthorDr.KirstenBibbins-DomingoofUCSF.“Whatwearesuggestingisthatapopulation-wideefforttoreducesaltintake,even53,willhavehealthbenefits.”Theteamconductedacomputer-basedanalysistodeterminethe54ofa3-g-per-dayreductioninsaltintakeonratesofheartdiseaseanddeath.Theyalsocalculatedthecostsavingsemergingfromtheamountofdiseasethatwouldbe55becauseoflowerbloodpressure.Theconclusion:bycuttingsaltintakenationwide,theU.S.couldsave$10billionto$24billion56inhealthcarecosts.A)accidentsI)excessB)annuallyJ)impactC)avoidedK)instancesD)causedL)modestE)considerableM)revisedF)developN)slightlyG)documentedO)undertakeH)dramaticallySectionBDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheGataisusedtofrownwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1,500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,asubdivisionof95“zero-energyhomes”(ZEH)justoutsidetown.Nowthey’reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey’velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:$75.Forthepasttwomonthstheyhaven’tpaidacent.ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisionsinCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglow-powerappliancesandsolarpanels.Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandretainingindoorwarmthinwinter.Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon’tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility’spowergrid(電網(wǎng)).Theresidentsarebilledby“netmetering”：theypayfortheamountofpowertheytapoffthegrid,lessthekilowatts(千瓦)theyfeedintoit.Ifahomegeneratesmorepowerthanituses,thebilliszero.Thatsoundslikeabaddealforthepowercompany,butit’snot.Solarhomesproducethemostpoweronthehotsunnyafternoonswheneveryonerusheshometoturnuptheairconditioner.“Ithelpsuslowerusageatpeakpowertimes,”sayssolarexpertMikeKeesee.“Thatletsusavoidbuildingcostlyplantsorbuyingexpensivepoweratpeakusagetime.”Whafsnottolike?Mostlythecosts.Thespecialfeaturescanadd$25,000ormoretothepurchasepriceofahouse.Taxbreaksbringthecostdown,especiallyinCalifornia,butinmanystatesZEHscanbeprohibitivelyexpensive.Fortheconsumer,it’samatterofpayingnowforthehardwaretosavelaterontheutilities.WhyaretheGataiseagertoseetheirelectricitybillsnow?Theywanttoseehowmuchtheyhavesaved.Theywanttocutdowntheirutilityexpenses.Theywanttoknowiftheyareabletopay.Theywanttoavoidbeingovercharged.WhatisspecialabouttheZEHcommunities?Theyhavecreatedcutting-edgetechnologies.Theyaimtobeself-sufficientinpowersupply.Theyaresubdividedintohalfadozensections.Theyarebuiltinharmonywiththeenvironment.HowaretheresidentsintheZEHcommunitiesbilledforelectricityuse?Theyareonlychargedfortheamountofpowertheyconsumeonrainydays.Theyneedn’tpayasinglecentfortheirpowerconsumptiononsunnydays.Theyonlypayfortheexcesspowerthatflowsintotheutility’spowergrid.Theypayfortheelectricityfromthegridlesstheirhome-generatedpower.Whatdoesthe“netmetering”practicemeantothepowercompany?Morepressureatpeaktime.C)Increasedelectricityoutput.Lessprofitsintheshortterm.D)Reducedoperationalcosts.TheauthorbelievesthatbuyingahouseinaZEHcommunity.isbutadreamforaverageconsumersgivestheownersubstantialtaxbenefitsisaworthyinvestmentinthelongruncontributestoenvironmentalprotectionPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Romanticlovehasclearevolutionaryrootsbutourviewsaboutwhatmakesanidealromanticrelationshipcanbeswayedbythesocietywelivein.SosayspsychologistMaureenO’SullivanfromtheUniversityofSanFrancisco.Shesuggeststhathumanshavealwaystriedtostrengthenthepair-bondtomaximise(使最大化)reproductivesuccess.Manysocietiesthroughouthistoryandaroundtheworldtodayhavecultivatedstrongpressurestostaymarried.Inthosewheretiestofamilyandcommunityarestrong,lifelongmarriagescanbepromotedbypracticessuchastheculturalprohibitionofdivorceandarrangedmarriagesthatareseenasacontractbetweentwofamilies,notjusttwoindividuals.Inmodernwesternsocieties,however,thefocusonindividualityandindependencemeansthatpeoplearelessconcernedaboutconformingto(遵守)thedictatesoffamilyandculture.Intheabsenceofsocietalpressurestomaintainpair-bonds,O’Sullivansuggeststhatromanticlovehasincreasinglycometobeseenasthefactorthatshoulddeterminewhowestaywithandforhowlong.“Thafswhyhistoricallyweseeanincreaseinromanticloveasabasisforforminglong-termrelationships,”shesays.AccordingtoO’Sullivanculturealsoshapesthesortsoffeelingsweexpecttohave,andactuallydoexperience,wheninlove.Althoughthenegativeemotionsassociatedwithromanticlove—fearofloss,disappointmentandjealousy—arefairlyconsistentacrosscultures,thepositivefeelingscanvary.“IfyouaskJapanesestudentstolistthepositiveattributestheyexpectinaromanticpartner,theyratehighlythingslikeloyalty,commitmentanddevotion,”saysO’Sullivan."IfyouaskAmericancollegewomen,theyexpecteverythingunderthesun:inadditiontobeingcommitted,partnershavetobeamusing,funnyandafriend.”Wejudgeapotentialpartneraccordingtoourspecificculturalexpectationsaboutwhatromanticloveshouldfeellike.Ifyoubelievethatyouhavefoundtrueromance,andyourculturetellsyouthatthisiswhatalong-termrelationshipshouldbebasedon,thereislessneedtorelyonsocialorfamilypressurestokeepcouplestogether,O’Sullivanargues.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople’sviewsofanidealromanticrelationship?Theyvaryfromculturetoculture.Theyensurethereproductivesuccess.Theyreflecttheevolutionaryprocess.Theyareinfluencedbypsychologists.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatstrongfamilyandcommunityties.largelyrelyonmarriagecontractscancontributetostablemarriagesoftenruncountertoromanticlovemakedivorcesvirtuallyunacceptableWithoutsocialpressurestokeeppair-bonds,romanticlove.willbeasubstituteformarriageinhumanrelationshipsplaysakeyroleinmaintaininglong-termrelationshipsislikelytoreplacethedictatesoffamilyandsociety

isawaytodevelopindividualityandindependenceO’Sullivanbelievesthatwhenpeoplefromdifferentculturesfallinlove,.theyexpectdifferentthingsfromtheirpartnertheytendtoexaggerateeachother’spositivequalitiestheyoftenfailtoseeeachother’snegativequalitiestheylaymoreemphasisoncommitmentanddevotionWecanconcludefromthepassagethat.culturaldifferencesoftentearapartafamilybuiltonromanticlovemarriagesarehardtosustainwithoutsocialorfamilypressuresromanticloveisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinfamilyrelationshipsromanticlovetendstoyieldwherefamilyorsocialpressuresarestrongPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions：Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whetheryouthinkyouneeddaytimerestornot,pickingupanap(午睡)habitisasmart,healthymove.TheMayoClinicsaysnaps67relaxation,bettermoodandalertness,andasharperworking68.A2008Britishstudyfoundthatcomparedtogettingmorenighttimesleep,amid-daynapwasthebestwaytocope69themid-afternoonsleepiness.AccordingtotheHarvardHealthLetter,severalstudieshaveshownthatpeople70newinformationbetterwhentheytakeanapshortlyafterlearningit.And,most71,a2007studyofnearly24,000GreekadultsintheArchivesofInternalMedicinefoundthatpeoplewhonapped72hada37percentreducedriskofdying73heartdiseasecomparedtopeoplewhodidn’tnap.67.A)enforceC)operateB)promoteD)support68.A)feelingC)senseB)frameD)mind69.A)withC)aboutB)asideD)upon70.A)remarkC)rememberB)67.A)enforceC)operateB)promoteD)support68.A)feelingC)senseB)frameD)mind69.A)withC)aboutB)asideD)upon70.A)remarkC)rememberB)considerD)concern71.A)reportedlyC)constantlyB)incrediblyD)frankly72.A)regularlyC)heavilyB)enormouslyD