非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概述及分類：在英語(yǔ)中只有動(dòng)詞才能作謂語(yǔ)，作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞稱為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不作謂語(yǔ)，有三種形式，即：動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞盡管不作謂語(yǔ)，但它們?nèi)匀痪哂袆?dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，即它們?nèi)匀豢梢詭зe語(yǔ)，可以被副詞修飾。三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成及用法如下：(二)動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成及用法：1.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成、特征及作用：動(dòng)詞不定式由to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，但動(dòng)詞make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,listento,feel,observe的賓語(yǔ)后面跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。help后面的不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式的意義特征包括：主觀性、一次性、將來(lái)性和具體性。它具有名詞特征，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式還具有形容詞特征，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。同時(shí)它還具有副詞特征，作狀語(yǔ)。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：1）作主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式表示一次性、具體性行為。a.Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.（一次性形為）2）作賓語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞含有明顯的主觀性和將來(lái)性，通常能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：a.Theyplantobuildaschoolinthatpoorarea.b.Weexpecttoseeyouoffattheairport.可帶動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的含有明顯的主觀性和將來(lái)意義的動(dòng)詞有：plan,dare,manage,agree,prepare,demand,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,hope,help,refuse,ask,arrange,learn,fail,long,desire,choose,offer,determine,happen,seem,tend等。3）作表語(yǔ)：不定式作表語(yǔ)解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，且可和主語(yǔ)顛倒，意思仍然通順，回答what的問(wèn)題，它們有存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別?；卮饂hat的問(wèn)題，表示行為的經(jīng)常性。a.Myjobtodayistocleantheclassroom.(=Tocleantheclassroomtodayismyjob.).4）作定語(yǔ)：不定式作定語(yǔ)與先行詞有動(dòng)賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容的關(guān)系,在時(shí)態(tài)上常常是將來(lái)意義。a.Ihavesomethingimportanttodotoday.b.Shehasababytolookafter.c.Tomhasfoundawaytodealwiththewaterpollution.d.Ihavetherighttovote.e.Hegraspedtheopportunitytofollowhisdreams.f.Ihavetheabilitytousemylegs.g.Parentsareangryaboutthedecisiontoclosetheschool.h.Couldyoulendmeapentowritewith?i.TheUnitedNationshasanimportantroletoplayinthereconstructionofIraq.j.IfapersongetsanAIDS,heorshewilllosethepowertoresistdiseases.k.Thereisnoneedtoworryifyouhaveneverskiedbefore.5）作狀語(yǔ)：不定式具有副詞特征，在句中可作目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示主觀性及將來(lái)性。不定式作狀語(yǔ)多放在句末。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前還可以加上inorder,soas來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣。soastodosth.不放在句首。a.TheBrownshavecometoKunmingtospendtheirholidays.注意：英語(yǔ)中除了用動(dòng)詞不定式todosth/inordertodosth./soastodosth.(不能放在句首)表示目的之外，還可以用inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，用for引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)。6）作插入語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)可以放在句首、句中或句末。a.Totellyouthetruth,Jackisathief.b.Heisinhisfifties,tobeexact,fifty-six.7）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作。如果是被動(dòng)句，不定式作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。a.Iheardhimsingasong.b.Theteacheraskedhimtostandinthefrontoftheclassroom.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))c.Hewasaskedtostandinthefrontoftheclassroom.（作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）3.動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：1）動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)一般時(shí)：to+do(sth.):a.ThegeneralmanagerissaidtoliveintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.b.Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolisestimatedtobemorethan5,000.(2)進(jìn)行時(shí)：to+be+doing(sth.):a.ThegeneralmanagerissaidtobehavingameetingintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(3)完成時(shí)：to+have+done:a.Between1850and1910thebisonpopulationisthoughttohavefallenfrom60milliontojustafewhundred.b.TheearthquakethathappenedonMay12,2022wasreportedtohavekilledmanypeople.2）動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)一般時(shí)被動(dòng)式：to+be+done:a.Tomwasconsideredtobelookedafterbyhiswife.(2)完成時(shí)被動(dòng)式：to+have+been+done:a.Tomwasconsideredtohavebeensenttohospitalbyhiswife.b.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintofivelanguages.3)使用不定式時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：（1）不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。a.Haveyougotthekeytounlockthedoor?你有開(kāi)這把門的鑰匙嗎？（2）不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞（代詞）構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，和該句主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。如果句子的主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）是不定式的承受者，則不定式用被動(dòng)形式。a.I’vealettertowrite.(Iwanttowritealetter.)我有封信要寫(xiě)。b.Hehasnoonetotalkwith.(Hetalkswithnoone.)沒(méi)有人和他說(shuō)話的。c.Thisformistobefilledinink.這張表格需要用鋼筆填寫(xiě)。（你填寫(xiě)）d.Doyouhavetime?Thesesheetsaretobewashed.你有空嗎？這些床單需要洗一洗。（你來(lái)洗）（3）不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式。a.Heishardtodealwith.他很難應(yīng)付。（4）在“therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)形式，也可用主動(dòng)形式。a.Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.4.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：動(dòng)詞make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,listento,feel,observe的賓語(yǔ)后面跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。help后面的不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。主動(dòng)句中不帶to的不定式在被動(dòng)句中就要帶to。例如：a.ImakeMarywashthedisheseveryday.b.Maryismadetowashthedisheseveryday.注:havesb.do(sth)不能變被動(dòng)。5.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在to前加not或never，不帶to的直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not或never.a.Hedecidednottorefusehishelp.b.Isawhimnotacceptheroffers.c.Wemustmakethebabynotcry.6.動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式的賓語(yǔ)及其修飾語(yǔ)一起稱為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。a.IwanthimtobetakentoXi’an.其中tobetakentoXi’an是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。（三）動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成及用法1.動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成、特征及作用：動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞具有客觀性、抽象性、一般性和經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的意義特征。動(dòng)名詞還具有名詞和形容詞特征，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。單獨(dú)的動(dòng)名詞不能作狀語(yǔ)，在介詞后面形成介詞短語(yǔ)，從而作狀語(yǔ)。2.動(dòng)名詞的用法：1）作主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示客觀性、一般性行為。a.TakingcareofhergrandmotherisSusan’sjob.(一般性行為)b.It’snousetalkingwithhim.c.It’snogoodgivingupEnglishstudy.d.It’suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.Youmayaswellarguewiththesea.2）作賓語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞后面通常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，含有明顯的“依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)做出理解和判斷”的意思。例如：excuse,forbid,allow,stand（忍受）,admit,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,miss,consider,appreciate,suggest,enjoy,mind,finish,deny,delay,forgive,advise,resist,insist(on),understand,practise,fancy,pardon,etc.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：can’thelpdoingsth,be/getusedtodoingsth,giveupdoingsth,putoffdoingsth,lookforwardtodoingsth,feellikedoingsth,prevent/stop…(from)doingsth,keep…fromdoingsth.,setaboutdoingsth,bebusydoingsth,spendtime/moneydoingsth,havedifficulty/troubledoingsth.,leadtodoingsth.,devote…todoingsth.,sticktodoingsth.,getdowntodoingsth.,objecttodoingsth.,thanksb.fordoingsth.,apologizefordoingsth.etc.短語(yǔ)：bebusydoingsth.,beworthdoingsth,etc.a.Allmyformerfriendsinsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.b.ShepractisesspeakingEnglisheverymorning.3）作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)解釋主要內(nèi)容，且可以和主語(yǔ)顛倒，意思仍然通順?；卮饂hat的問(wèn)題，表示一次性行為。a.Thegranny’sjobislookingafterthechildren.(=Lookingafterthechildrenisthegranny’sjob.)4）作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，須前置，且要重讀，它表明先行詞的用途。例如：3.動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：1)動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):(1)一般式：doing(sth.):a.Wemustpreventhimfromgoingintotheroom.動(dòng)名詞前有時(shí)可以加when,while,before,after,once,until,unless等詞。例如：a.Whenseeinghisformerclassmate,hesaid“Hi”tohim.b.WhilestayinginShanghai,EmerytaughtattheShanghaiEducationalInstitute.c.Whenheatingwater,we’llgetmoresteam.d.BeforegoingtothePrimarySchool,hedranksomealcohol.e.Afterfinishingdoinghishomework,hewentsailingwithhisfather.f.Oncegoingtocollege,I’lllearnbotany,mathematicsandappliedscience.h.Untilgettingmoremoney,I’llkeeponworkinghard.i.Unlessgivingup,youwillnotfindanotherwaytogo.(2)完成式：having+done(sth.):a.Havingswallowedthepoisoncausedtheprisonertowallowinthenarrowcell.2)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)一般式被動(dòng)式：being+done:a.Wemustpreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.b.Peoplehatebeinglaughedatinpublic.c.Wehatebeingpraisedfornothing.(2)完成式被動(dòng)式：having+been+done:a.Hewasfrightenedforhavingbeentakenintoadarkroom.b.Afterhavingbeentrainedinthespecialway,hecoulddealwitheverythingaroundhimsmoothly.接受了特殊化的訓(xùn)練后，他能順利地對(duì)付周圍的一切。注：want（需要），need（需要），deserve（值得），require（需要），demand（要求）等詞后，要用動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意思。a.Theflowerswantwatering.(=Theflowerswanttobewatered.)b.Myhouseneedsrepairing.(=Myhouseneedstoberepaired.)c.Thisroomdemandsdecorating.(=Thisroomdemandstobedecorated.)d.Yourtruckrequirescleaning.4.動(dòng)名詞的否定及復(fù)合形式：1）動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是在動(dòng)名詞前加not:a.Hehatednotbeingabletogotoschoolalone.b.NotknowingenoughEnglishbroughthimalotoftroublewhentravellingabroad.c.Hisnotapologizingtothedoctorcausedmanycomplaints.2）動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合形式：動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合形式是在其前面加所有格、賓格或形容詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成。a.DoyoumindTom’sopeningthewindow?b.Ican’timaginehimgivingupstudyingbiology.c.Hernotcomingtoschoolagainisduetoherlaziness.d.Imustinsistonyourgivingmeanimmediateanswer.其中Tom’sopening…,himgiving…,hernotcoming…,yourgiving…,是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。（四）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成及用法1.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成、特征及作用：現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在分詞具有主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的意義特征?，F(xiàn)在分詞同時(shí)具有形容詞和副詞特征，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的用法：1）作表語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語(yǔ)顛倒，可以回答how的問(wèn)題。a.Thefilmisverymoving.b.Thenewsisverydisappointing.2）作定語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)意義，表主動(dòng)。單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，放在它所修飾詞的前面，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在它所修飾詞的后面。a.YesterdayIsawaswimmingboy(=aboywhowasswimming)inthelake.b.Look!Thereareplentyoffallingleaves(=leaveswhicharefalling).c.Therisingsun(=thesunwhichisrising)isshiningbrightly.d.Iwantsomeboilingwater(=waterwhichisboiling).e.Therearemanydevelopingcountries(=countrieswhicharedeveloping)intheworld.f.Theangrymanbeatinghisson（Theangrymanwhoisbeatinghisson）comesfromAfrica.3）作狀語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式。做伴隨狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多放在后面。作狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是一致的。a.Arriving(=Whenhearrived)attheRailwayStation,hefoundhismotherthere.b.Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforamedicalexamination.c.Beingverynervous,themanliedtothecompany,sayingthathehadlostallhispassports.d.Havingbeenaskedtostay,theycouldn’tpossiblyleaverightaway.e.FollowingTom,thepresidententeredthemeetingroom.f.Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,you’llseethepostoffice.g.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimnothing.h.Nothavingreceivedhisletter,shedecidedtowriteagain.i.Beinglateforschoolagain,hedarednotentertheclassroom.j.Havingconvincedherthathewaslikelytoarriveherepunctually,Iwenttobedhappily.4）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行或伴隨謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如果是被動(dòng)句現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。a.IwatchedtheblindmanplayingtheviolinwhenIwaswaitingformypupils.b.Iheardagroupofpeoplesingingnextdoor.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))c.Agroupofpeoplewereheardsingingnextdoor.(作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))3.現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):(1)一般式：doing(sth.):a.Theboywaslastseenplayingbytheriver.(2)完成式：having+done(sth.):a.Nothavingreceivedhisreply,shedecidedtowriteagain.2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)一般式被動(dòng)式：being+donea.Shenoticedthewallbeingscratchedbyherlittleson.她發(fā)現(xiàn)那面新墻正被她兒子畫(huà)得亂七八糟。b.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyareconcernedabouttheOlympicGames最近到處議論的話題都是與奧運(yùn)會(huì)有關(guān)的。(2)完成式被動(dòng)式：having+been+donea.Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasfinallymade.4.現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是在現(xiàn)在分詞前加not。a.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.b.Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtothemanager.（五）過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成及用法1.過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成、特征及作用：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞加ed,d或改y為i再ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的變化，但大多數(shù)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞也有其一定的變化規(guī)律。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有被動(dòng)、完成的意義特征，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有主動(dòng)、完成的意義特征。過(guò)去分詞同時(shí)具有形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2.過(guò)去分詞的用法：1）作表語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語(yǔ)顛倒，可以回答how的問(wèn)題。a.I’mverytiredafteralongwalk.b.I’mnotinterestedinthestructureoflanguageandlaw,butIwanttostudypolitics.2）作定語(yǔ)：及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)、完成的意義特征，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表主動(dòng)、完成的意義。單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，放在它所修飾詞的前面，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在它所修飾詞的后面。a.ThebridgebuiltacrosstheYellowRiverlastyearis200meterslong.b.ThebridgebeingbuiltacrosstheYellowRivernowis200meterslong.c.ThebridgetobebuiltacrosstheYellowRivernextyearis200meterslong.d.YesterdayIsawamurderedboy(=aboywhohadbeenmurdered)lyingontheroad.e.Look!Thereareplentyoffallenleaves(=leaveswhichhavefallen).f.Therisensun(=thesunwhichhasrisen)isshiningbrightly.g.Iwantsomeboiledwater(=waterwhichhasboiled).h.Therearemanydevelopedcountries(=countrieswhichhavedeveloped)intheworld.i.Themanbeatenbyhisson（Themanwhohasbeenbeatenbyhisson）comesfromAfrica.j.Thewriternamed/calledDavid(=Thewriterwhoisnamed/calledDavid)hasmadeanimportantspeechtousalljustnow.3）作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式。做伴隨狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多放在后面。作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是一致的。a.Praisedbytheteacher,shedecidedtoworkharderatallhersubjects.b.Scoldedbytheleader,hedarednotmakeanymistakes.c.Supportedbyhisson,hestoodup.d.Givenmoretime,shewillfinishherhomeworkbeforetheweekend.e.Althoughdefeatedbytheirschoolteam,weareinhighspirits.f.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.g.Lostinthought,shedidn’tknowwhereshewasgoing.h.Devotedtohisresearch,hewaspraisedbythelocalgovernment.i.LocatedinthesouthofChina,Guangdongishotterthananyotherprovince.j.Convincedthatheislikelytoarriveherepunctually,sheiswaitingpatiently.k.Stuckinthetrafficjam,hecouldn’tgotoworkontime.l.Basedonpractice,thetheoryispractical.m.Facedwithdifficulties,Iamnotafraid.n.Caughtintheheavyrain,sheaskedthepoliceforhelp.過(guò)去分詞前有時(shí)可以加when,while,before,after,once,until,unless等詞。例如：a.Whensawbyhisformerclassmate,hewentuptohim.b.WhileemployedinShanghai,EmerytaughtattheShanghaiEducationalInstitute.c.Whenheated,waterwillchangeintovapour.d.BeforeallowedtogotothePrimarySchool,hedranksomealcohol.e.Afterforcedbyhisfather,heagreedtogosailingwithhim.f.OnceadmittedtoPekingg.UntilawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysics,thescientistwillkeeponworkinghard.h.Unlesspermitted,youcouldn’tgointothedancehall.4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。a.Isawthegirlarrestedbythepoliceman.b.Theworkerheardthebossbeatenbyhisemployeesthedaybeforeyesterday.c.Thenextmorningpeoplefoundthelionkilledinthezoo.d.Strangersoftengatherattheschoolgatetowatchthestudentstaughtontheplayground.e.Whileenteringthechurch,henoticedhimselffollowedbyabeggar.f.Pleasehave/getyourbicyclerepaired.Iwanttouseitthedayaftertomorrow.g.Ifeelmymoneystolenbyapasser-by.h.Hehadafingercutoffwhileworking.3.過(guò)去分詞的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：1）主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。2）被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。高考真題一、選擇填空：1.—Doyouhaveanythingmore___,sir?—No,thanks.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.A.beingtypedB.tobetypingC.beentypedD.tobetyped2.Thedoctorexaminedhimcarefully,only___hisillnesswasserious.A.findB.tofindC.findingD.found3.TheRescueCentresenteightlifeboatstothe___ship“Liaoludu7”A.tosinkB.sunkC.sinkD.sinking4.Thewatertower___nownearthebroadcastingstationis___soon.A.tobeputup;completedB.beingputup;tobecompletedC.tobeputup;beingcompletedD.beingputup;beingcompleted5.Withallthemagazinesheneeded___,heleftthelibrary.A.borrowingB.borrowedC.borrowD.toborrow6.Ifthebuildingproject____bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.tobecompletedB.iscompletedC.beingcompletedD.completed7.Howmanyofus___ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended8.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymybrother.A.havinghungB.beinghungC.hangingD.hangs9.—ItsnowedheavilylastnightandtheremustbealotofsnowonEmeiMountain.—No,wefoundalittlesnow,asmostofitseemed___offthemountain.A.tohaveblownB.tohavebeenblownC.tobeblowingD.tobeblown10.Peopleindevelopedcountriesaresupposed____morehealthyfoodbeforethanwhattheyhavetoday.A.tobehadB.tohaveC.hadD.tohavehad11._____hereatthetopofthemountainwithnooneelsenearyoumustbeverylonely.A.LiveB.LivingC.ToliveD.Tobeliving12.Awoman___toamonth’simprisonmentafterrepeatedly____foodfromasupermarket____onhungerstrikeinprison.A.sentenced;stealing;hasgoneB.tobesentenced;steal;hasgoneC.sentenced;stealing;hadgoneD.tobesentenced;steal;hadgone13.Therewillsill___someshops___open.A.be;leftB.be;leavingC.are;leavingD.be;leave14.Attheendof2022,therewerearound3,000foreignprintingcompaniesinChina,____uparound2percentofnationaltotal.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.havingmade15.Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot___you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvitedpossibletrafficdelays,wehadbettersetoffearlier.A.AllowingforB.BenefitingfromC.StartingwithD.Applyingfor17.Theircar____inthemud,theyhadtoturntothevillagersforhelp.A.gotstuckB.gottostuckC.gettingstuckD.gettingtostuck18.Witheverythingsheneeded____,shewenthome.A.tobuyB.buyingC.tobeboughtD.bought19.Theprisonerenteredtheroom,withhishands____back.A.tyingB.tiedC.tobetiedD.totie20.Whatdoyouthink____tohim?A.happeningB.tohappenC.tobehappenedD.hashappened21.Thedayyouarelookingforwardto____soonerorlater.A.comingB.willcomeC.comeD.havecome二、完形填Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks1thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendourmore2thanwerealize.Infact,non-verbal(非語(yǔ)言)communicationtakesupabout50%ofwhatwereally3.Andbodylanguageisparticularly4whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures.Indeed,whatiscalledbodylanguageisso5apartofusthatit’sactuallyoftenunnoticed.Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.6,differentsocietiestreatthe7betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving8contact(接觸)evenwithfriends,andcertainlynotwith9.PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries,10,toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore,it’spossiblethatin11,itmaylooklikeaLatinois12aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino,tryingtoexpressfriendship,willkeepmoving13.TheNorwegian,veryprobablyseeingthisaspushinesswillkeep14Clearly,agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople16.Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefrom17cultures,thereisastrongpossibilityof18.Butwhateverthesituation,thebest19istoobeytheGoldenRule:treatothersasyouwouldliketobe20.1.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.further2.A.soundsB.invitationsC.feelingsD.message3.A.hopeB.receiveC.discoverD.mean4.A.immediateB.misleadingC.importantD.difficult5.A.wellB.farC.muchD.long6.A.ForexampleB.ThusC.HoweverD.Inshort7.A.tradeB.distanceC.connectionsD.greetings8.A.eyeB.verbalC.bodilyD.telephone9.A.strangersB.relativesC.neighboursD.enemies10.A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhandC.inasimilarwayD.byallmeans11.A.troubleB.conversationC.silenceD.experiment12.A.disturbingB.helpingC.guidingD.following13.A.closerB.fasterC.inD.away14.A.steppingforwardB.goingonC.backingawayD.comingout15.A.weaknessB.carelessnessC.friendlinessD.coldness16.A.talkB.travelC.laugh