英語教學課件系列必修5Unit1

GreatscientistsReadingReadtheexplanationandspeakouttheworditexplains.vt.

打敗;戰(zhàn)勝;使受挫n.失敗defeattowinavictoryoversomeoneinafight,warorcompetition;tocausesomeoneorsth.tofailwhensomeonelosesagainstsomeoneelseinafightorcompetition,orwhensomeoneorsth.ismadetofail

totakecareofsb./sth.;tobepresentataneventn.專家;行家vt.

照顧;護理;出席;參加attendapersonwithahighlevelofknowledgeorskill;aspecialistexpertn.醫(yī)生;內(nèi)科醫(yī)生amedicaldoctor,esp.onewhohasgeneralskillandisnotasurgeonphysicianhavingorshowingalotofknowledgeorskilladj.熟練的;經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的tomakesomeonewithanillnesshealthyagainvt.

暴露;揭露;使曝光n.治愈;痊愈exposecuretoremovewhatiscoveringsth.sothatitcanbeseen;tomakepublicsth.badordishonestvt.

治愈;治療sth.thatmakessomeonewithanillnesshealthyagain(thesituationofbeingfacedwith)sth.needinggreatmentalorphysicaleffortinordertobedonesuccessfullyandwhichthereforetestsaperson'sabilityn.挑戰(zhàn)n.受害者victimchallengevt.向……挑戰(zhàn)toinvitesomeonetocompeteortakepart,esp.inagameorargumentsomeoneorsth.whichhasbeenhurt,damagedorkilledorhassuffered,eitherbecauseoftheactionsofsomeoneorsth.else,orbecauseofillnessorchancevt.

認為;懷疑suspectn.被懷疑者;嫌疑犯absorbvt.

吸收;吸引;使專心totakesth.in,esp.gradually;Ifsomeone'swork,orabook,film,etc.absorbsthem,ortheyareabsorbedinit,theirattentionisgivencompletelytoittothinkorbelievesth.tobetrueorprobable;tonottrust;todoubtapersonbelievedtohavecommittedacrimeordonesth.wrong,orsth.believedtohavecausedsth.badtheareaofatownthatsurroundssomeone'shome,orthepeoplewholiveinthisareaadj.嚴重的;劇烈的;嚴厲的severeneighbourhoodn.附近;鄰近n.詢問enquiry(theprocessofasking)aquestionextremelyserious;punishingsb.inanextremewaywhentheybreakaparticularsetofrules;notkindorsympatheticandshowingdisapprovalofsb./sth.apieceofequipmentwhichisusedtocauseliquid,airorgastomovefromoneplacetoanothern.泵;抽水機pumpforeseevt.

預見;預知vt.(用泵)抽(水)toforceliquidorgastomovesomewheretoknowaboutsth.beforeithappenstosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsth.didsth.wrongorisresponsibleforsth.badhappeningvt.

責備;譴責blamewhenpeoplesayorthinkthatsomeoneorsth.didsth.wrongorisresponsibleforsth.badhappeningtomakeanareaorsubstance,usuallyair,waterorearth,dirtyorharmfultopeople,animalsandplants,esp.byaddingharmfulchemicalsvt.

污染;弄臟

polluteblamen.柄;把手n.

過失;責備apartofanobjectdesignedforholding,movingorcarryingtheobjecteasilyhandleaconnectionbetweentwopeople,thingsorideastomakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorepeople,thingsorideasvt.

連接;聯(lián)系vt.

宣布;通告announceinstructlinkvt.

命令;指示;教導n.連接;聯(lián)系todealwith,haveresponsibilityfor,orbeinchargeof;tooperateorcontrolsth.whichcouldbedifficultordangeroushandlevt.

處理;操縱tostateormakeknown,esp.publiclytoorderortellsomeonetodosth.,esp.inaformalway;toteachsomeonehowtodosth.expose…to

link…to…將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來由……組成使顯露;暴露MatchdrawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencefindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsdrawaconclusionHowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?findsupportingevidencePre-reading

1.Whatimpressesyoumostin2003?

Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdiseases,somayanimals.Birdflu,AIDSandSARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?WhichpersonimpressesyoumostduringtheSARS?Whatotherinfectiousdiseasesdoyouknow?Forexample:Whenyoueatsomefoodthatisnotfresh……Youmayfeel…Maybeyouhavegot________.CholeraWhatisCholera?

CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibrio

cholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(腸),causingdiarrhea(腹瀉),vomitingandlegcramps.Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeeninfectedwiththebacteria.

Afteradisaster,thisisaveryrealdanger,sinceregular,cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable.Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtiedwatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste.GreatBritainGermanyDeathoffirstcholeracaseinLondonduringthe1848-49epidemicLondonPreviouscholeraepidemicinGreatBritainin1831-32ThespreadofcholeraJohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”Reading1.Tosummarizeandrememberthemainideaofthepassage.2.Tospeakoutthedetailedinformationofthepassage.3.ToknowmoreaboutJohnSnowandhisachievements.4.Tolearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthepassage.ObjectivesWords:defeat,attend,cure,challenge,suspect,blame,pollute,handle,link,announceExpressions:expose…to,link…to…neither…nor…be/becomeinterestedinbedeterminedtoFocusonJohnSnow

defeats

“kingcholera”Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle?人物：事件：defeatscholeraWhoisJohnSnow?Whathappenedtothem?

attended

herasherpersonalphysicianQueenVictoriaJohnSnow約翰.斯諾(1813~1858),英國麻醉學家、流行病專家。他首次提出了預防霍亂的措施。1854年,倫敦霍亂流行,斯諾通過研究霍亂病死者的日常生活情況,尋找到他們的共同行為模式,發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍亂與飲用不潔水的關(guān)系,由于及時切斷了二者的聯(lián)系,有效制止了霍亂的流行。Fouroutbreaksofcholerainthe1830sand1840skilledmanypeopleinEngland.In1854,“themostterribleoutbreakofcholerawhicheveroccurredinthekingdom”began.Itwassoviolentandsuddenthat127peoplediedinthefirstthreedays.TheterriblecholeraBacteria/germsofcholeraNameofillnesscholera(霍亂)Symptom(癥狀)severevomiting(嘔吐)anddiarrhoea(腹瀉)Aftereffect(后果)diequicklyfromalossofliquidWhatwasthecauseofthisillness?HowdidJohnSnowfinditout?Skimthetextandfindthemainideaofthetext.Thepassageismainlyabout:_______________________________________________________

HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofthecholeraanddefeatedit.

Fast—reading:Readthepassagequicklyandfindthenumberbelowandtherelevanthappeningsinthepassage.TwotheoriesIn1854500；10Thefirstsuggestedthat…multipliedintheair;Thesecondsuggested…absorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.AnotheroutbreakhitLondon.Morethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.16,37,38and4020,21;8,97ThesenumbersinBroadStreetnearthewaterpumphadmanyofthedeaths20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreethadnodeaths….Theydidn’tdrinkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.Thesefamiliesworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.16372089pump3840BROADSTREETCAMBRIDGESTREET21JohnSnow'sCholeraMap7PubWhatistheproblem?Thecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.Whatcausedcholera?Makeaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?Idea1Idea2Choleramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Peopleabsorbeditwiththeirmeals.Whichonedoyoubelievemore?WhataboutJohnSnow?AmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?BroadStreetManydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Itseemedthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Whatdidhedonext?Publichouse(Para6)Whatwasanothersupportingevidence?(Para5)Helookedintothesourceofthewater…JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

2147Careful—reading:KingCholerawasdefeated.Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.3856Para-graphStagesinanexperimentExampleinthisinvestigation1Findaproblem2Makeaquestion3ThinkofamethodWhat

caused

cholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?Collectdataonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwater.Fillintheblanks.

4Collectresults5Analyseresults6findsupportingevidence7DrawaconclusionPlot

informationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.Findotherevidencetosupporttheanalysis.Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.drawaconclusionfindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsrepeatifnecessaryMatchthemPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Para7PreventionofCholera1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.Readandanswerthequestions.2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhave

solvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?

Giveareason.No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.3.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?Fourdiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDS,TB(肺結(jié)核)andbird-flu,becausetheyarebothveryserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat____.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwaterB.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondonC.thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedD.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”Choosethebestanswer.D2.WhatwasthekeyhelpforJohnSnow’sdiscovery?A.Thegovernment.B.ThewomanmovingawayfromBroadStreet.C.Thewatercompany.D.Themapmadebyhimself.D

SummaryJohnSnowwasawell-known______inLondoninthe_____century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe_________onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_______ofallwatersupplybe__________andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifeinordernottogetinfectedwithcholera?

HeatthefoodleftovernightCookrawfoodthoroughlyWashhandsoftenKeepawayfromflieschoosefreshseafoodKeepthekitchencleanDisposerubbishproperly.DrinkboiledwaterDiscussion1.knowabout

了解有關(guān)……的情況knowof

聽說過1)有些事我想了解一下。ThereissomethingIwantto

know

about.2)我聽說過那件事,但不很清楚。Iknowofit,butIdidn’tknowitwell.Languagepoints2.conclude:

v.作結(jié)論,斷定

Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.

陪審團認定他有罪。

toconclude:

總而言之,總之

Toconclude,Iwanttothankyouforyourhelp.conclusion:

n.結(jié)論得出結(jié)論arriveatdraw/reachcometo｝aconclusion1)那些都是事實,你能從中得出什么結(jié)論?Thosearethefacts;whatdoyouconcludefromthem?2)我得出結(jié)論你在說謊。Icameto/drew/reached

the

conclusionthatyouwerelying.3)根據(jù)這些事實,我們能對金字塔是如何建成的得出一些結(jié)論。Fromthesefacts,wecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.3.defeatv./n.Hedefeatedthechampioninthreesets.Hiswordscompletelydefeatedme.ThePartyfacesdefeatintheelection.擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝使困惑win/beat/defeat

win“贏得,獲勝”,后接獎品,獎金,名譽,財產(chǎn)beat“擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝”,后接競爭隊伍或者對手,敵人defeat“擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”,后接競爭隊伍或者對手,敵人,(此用法同beat),疾病等。1)Mary_____thefirstplaceinthecompetition.2)Ourschool_______________theirschoolatfootball.3)I________________Johnatchessyesterday.wonbeat/defeatedbeat/defeated4.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰.斯諾曾經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生--他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛,因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。1)expert

n.專家;高手;權(quán)威anagriculturalexpert農(nóng)業(yè)專家anexpertwiththecomputer電腦高手expert

也可以作形容詞,“熟練的;老練的;經(jīng)驗(或知識)豐富的”anexpertrider熟練的騎手anexpertopinion內(nèi)行的意見照看,照料如:醫(yī)生照看病人。The

doctorattended(on/upon)thepatients.出席，到場如:attendschool上學attendalecture聽講座attendchurch去教堂attend(at)awedding出席婚禮2)attendv.

注意,留意如:We’llattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater.

attendto

處理,辦理我有許多事情要處理。照顧,照料先生,有人接待你嗎？Areyoubeingattendedto?Ifyougoout,I’llattendtothebaby.

專心,注意Ifyoudon’tattendtotheteacher,you’llneverlearnanything.attendancen.照顧,出席Ihavesomeimportantthingstoattendto.5.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.exposedtocholera在句子中是過去分詞用作后置定語,表示被動,意為“患霍亂的”。如:ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.發(fā)散思維：exposedadj.

暴露的,暴露于風雨中的,無掩蔽的exposedness

n.

暴露,顯露開放思維:exposeto

使暴露，揭穿exposesthtothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud

揭穿騙局1)Milesofsandareexposedatlowtide.2)ThepeopleofsomeAsiancountrieswereexposedtothetsunamiin2004.3)Heexposedthecrimetothepolice.4)Heexposedtheplantothenewspaper.touncovertomakesuffer

tomakeknowntomakeknown

5)Thewolfopeneditsmouthto______arowofsharpteeth.6)Don’t______yourskin

to

thesunoryourskinwillbehurt.exposeexpose6.Thiswasthedeadly

diseaseofitsday.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadlyadj.(1)dangerous;likelytocausedeath危險的;致命的

adeadlydisease/weapon(2)highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsomeone強有力的;致命的

adeadlyremark擊中要害的評論(3)aimingtokillordestroy意在殺死的;不共戴天的:

adeadlyenemy不共戴天的敵人deadlyadv.

(1)very極度;非常;十分

deadlyserious十分認真(2)likedeath死一般地

deadlypale死一般蒼白7.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime在這里是連詞,引導時間狀語從句,意為“每次,每當”。e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.每次見到他,我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。注意:immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等與everytime一樣,都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句,意為“一……就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一見到他就把這封信給他。IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.我一接到你的信就來了。8.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.absorb…into

吸收如：e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.

這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。absorb

v.(1)吸收(液體)Waterabsorbsoxygen.(2)Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.(3)Thebookabsorbedhisattention.(4)Thesurroundingsmalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.理解,接受吸引(注意力,興趣等)使并入,吞并beabsorbedin…被……吸引;專心于;全神貫注于某事如:Heisabsorbedinhisbook.Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.suggest

經(jīng)常有“建議”的意思,但在這個句子里的意思是“暗示間接表明”。如：Thedisorganizedmeetingsuggestedbadpreparation.混亂的會場表明準備工作很差。suggest還有“建議”的意思,在后文中有體現(xiàn):“Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.”為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生,……Isuggestedthatheshouldgiveupsmoking.我建議他戒煙。Thechairmansuggestedthemeetingbeputoffuntilnextweek.主席建議會議延遲到下周舉行。suggest后面還可以接-ing形式或名詞。如：Shesuggestedapicnicattheweekend.她提議周末去野餐。Kanesuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.凱恩提議早些出發(fā)去機場。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行得特別厲害,在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。9.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.severeadj.(1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict嚴厲的;苛刻的;嚴格的.如:Theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad.Youcanbreathefreelyagain.(2)causingsharpdiscomfortordistress;extremelyviolentorintense;veryserious.劇痛的,劇烈的,嚴重的,難熬的如:asevereattackoftoothache.要求苛嚴的教官已經(jīng)出國,你可以完全放心。牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。10.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.valuable(1)adj.worthalotofmoney值錢的,貴重的如：Thewatchisvaluable.這表很值錢。avaluablediamond.貴重的鉆石。(2)adj.havinggreatusefulnessorvalue如:valuable

information(3)n.(常用復數(shù)形式)sththatworthalotofmoney如:Cathykepthervaluablesinasafe.重大的消息凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里。泵(油泵;氣泵),抽水機,打氣筒11.pump12.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。be+動詞不定式,可以表示該做或不該做的事情,相當于must,should,oughtto等。如：Nooneistoleavethisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。Youarenottodroplitterinthepark.公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。受到責備,主動表被動13.Next,JohnSnow

lookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.其次，約翰.斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街的水源。lookinto

往……里面看;toinvestigate檢查;了解。如：We’lllookintothismattertogether.我們將一起調(diào)查這個問題。開放思維：lookon

觀看,面向,旁觀,看待look

out

面朝,留神,照料look

over

從上面看,察看,檢查look

around

環(huán)顧,觀光,察看look

through

看穿,審核,瀏覽,溫習look

up

and

down

仔細打量,到處尋找look

after

尋求,照顧,關(guān)心14.handlen.柄,把手A.操作;運用B.經(jīng)銷;買賣C.管理D.對待E.應付F.控制;管理Handle

v.Choosethecorrectexplanations.1)

MsHawkins,thechiefaccountantofthecompanyhandlesthecompany'saccounts.2)ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan'thandlethem.3)Shehandled

adifficultargumentskillfully.CFE4)Handlechildrenkindly,ifyouwantthemtotrustyou.5)Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.6)Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.DBAlink…to...

把……與……連接;聯(lián)系如：Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。belinkedto

連接如：Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.15.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwodeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一個地區(qū),他從兩個與BroadStreet爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。linkn.聯(lián)系,關(guān)系研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的關(guān)系。Researchershavedetectedalink

betweensmokingandheartdisease.16.Withthis

extraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.announcev.tomakeknownpublicly如：Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.有了這個證據(jù),約翰.斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布,這種被污染的水攜帶病毒。機長宣布飛機就要著陸了。announcesth.(tosb.)announcethat+從句Itis/wasannouncedthat+從句據(jù)宣傳1)--Whoinstructs

yourclassinhistory?--MrBlack.Heisourinstructor.2)Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthistelephone.3)I'vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.v.(toteach;toorder)17.instructn.

detaileddirectionsonprocedure;anorder;

teachinginstruction1)Thebossgavemesomanyinstructions

atonet