被動(dòng)語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)以及時(shí)態(tài)變換導(dǎo)入：舉例把字句和被字句他把門打開了。門被打開了。哪個(gè)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，哪個(gè)是動(dòng)作的承受者學(xué)前自測(發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn))()1.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.haskeptB.willkeepC.hasbeenkeptD.willbekept()2.John___tocometotheteacher'sofficejustnow.Hemaybeintrouble.A.wastoldB.toldC.hastoldD.tells()3.—Ihaven'tseenJohnformanyyears.How'shegoing?—Hebrokethelawandtoprison2yearsago.A.hassentB.weresentC.wassentD.wassending()4.—Whereareyourdogs,Mickey?—Thedogstothepetcentrelastweek.A.issentB.wassentC.aresentD.weresent()5.Somebeautifulflowerstoherdaughteronherlastbirthday.A.aregivenB.aregivingC.weregivenD.weregiving()6.—It'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstherivertoschool.—Iagreewithyou.Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.shouldbebuiltD.wasbuilt()7.MrGreen2minutestothinkaboutthefinaldecision.A.givesB.gaveC.wasgivenD.willgive()8.—Sandy__tobehard-workingbyherparents.—SoamI.A.asksB.isaskingC.askedD.isasked()9.Iwonderifthetalentshow___nextmonth.Iftheyit,Imustgetreadyforit.A.willhold;holdB.willhold;willholdC.willbeheld;holdD.isheld;willhold()10.ThegardenwhiletheGreenswereawayfromhome.A.tookgoodcareofB.wastakengoodcareofC.takengoodcareofD.wastakinggoodcare學(xué)前自測1-5DACDC6-10CCDCB一、語態(tài)概述英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)岀來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。他把門打開了。門被打開了。主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語動(dòng)詞的句子。二．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句法功能當(dāng)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.說話或發(fā)表意見時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常用句型：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itishopedthat…希望Itisbelievedthat…人們相信ItissaidthatJapan'sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable據(jù)說戰(zhàn)后日本的工業(yè)進(jìn)步非常顯著。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的小技巧:Iacoinpuioi-termAtompiifet、恤boiighl(bvme)lustterm.Hecancarrythebasket.fThebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.fSomebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.總結(jié)：上面例句的小規(guī)律：△主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法：把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+過去分詞）,注意雖然其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化，但動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，若主語是人稱代詞，則把主格變?yōu)橘e語（by短語可以省略）。記憶歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語（執(zhí)行者）（承受者）被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+be+過去分詞(+by+執(zhí)行者)(執(zhí)行者)一般省略【例題精講】例1.Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.例2.TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.例3.Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.例4.Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?Keys:1.aren'tallowed2.isknown3.havebeenturned4.bekept【課堂練習(xí)】提高題：Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.

Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould(memorize)..Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.Thenextmorningthey(find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.Keys:1?willbeplated2?wasoperated3.bememorized4.turn,aremade5.willfind,willbeblown三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成觀察下列句子，總結(jié)變化規(guī)律Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天被打掃。Thedumplingsweremadeyesterday.餃子是昨天包的。Theroomisbeingcleanednow.現(xiàn)在房間正在被打掃。Thetworoadshadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastmonth.到上個(gè)月末為止,兩條公路被建成了。Anewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.明年一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院將被建成。Mikesaidanewfilmwouldbeshown.邁克說一部新電影將上映。Theworkmustbefinishedontime.必須按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過去時(shí)did現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+done一般將來時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+do過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing過去完成時(shí)had+done過去將來時(shí)would/should/begoingto+do含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must/haveto+do:★小試身手★請用下面括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:Aspeech(give)thisafternoon.Theclassroom(clean)everyday.Someeffectivemeasures(take)sincelastyear.Mymother'sfavoritevase(break)yesterday.Thebook(read)fourtimesbytheendoflastsemester.Anamusementpark(build)inourcitynow.Thetechniciantoldmethatmywatch(repair)in1hour.Theproblem(discuss)thistimeyesterday.Hesaidthathe(invite)totheparty.ThousandsoftreesTheclothesThousandsoftreesTheclothes_(deliver)tothepoorareanextmonth.主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句改為被動(dòng)句Stepl:主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語Step2:動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作相應(yīng)變化（be+過去分詞）Step3:by+主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step4:其他照抄Hewasmakingamodelplane.一般疑問句改為被動(dòng)句Step1:be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞放句首Step2:主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語Step3:被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的其他成分Step4:by+主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step5:其他照抄DidMike'steachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday?特殊疑問句改為被動(dòng)句Step1:特殊疑問詞不變Step2:be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞提前Step3:主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語（主動(dòng)語態(tài)特殊疑問詞作賓語則這步省略）Step4:被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的其他成分Step5:by+主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step6:其他照抄WhenwillJackfinishhishomework?WhatdidLinda'sfathermendlastnight?★小試身手^請把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句：1）Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.Cantheboypickupheavyweights?Willyourmotherkissyouonyourweddingdaynextweek?四、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者2?帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語;把指“人”的間接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，指“物”的直接賓語不動(dòng)；把指“物”的直接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，間接賓語前加介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)）Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語me改為了主語）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語abook改為了主語）以下動(dòng)詞與介詞to搭配：award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommend（推薦），sell,send,serve（招待），show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write以下動(dòng)詞與介詞for搭配：boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserve（預(yù)留），sing,save::★小試身手★請改寫下列句子，保持句意不變：1）MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.物做主語：人做主語：2）Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.物做主語：人做主語：把含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),要把其中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主謹(jǐn)原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。WecallhimZhouJian.fHeiscalledZhouJian（byus）.動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.—Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.這條小狗必須被好好照顧。5?to的“前世今生”在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，某些動(dòng)詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語由動(dòng)詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，這個(gè)to還要還原。Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）▲有這種用法的常用動(dòng)詞有:一感二聽sees〒三使四看，主動(dòng)語態(tài)to省略，被動(dòng)語態(tài)to還原。bdosth（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）sbbeseentodo（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）一感feel二聽hear、listento三使（使役動(dòng)詞）make、let、have四看see、watch、notice>observe6.get型被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式是由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。但在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)。get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞數(shù)量有限，通常為單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞或比較簡單的動(dòng)詞短語。（1）get+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress,pay,wound等動(dòng)詞的-ed形式連用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般指動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而非動(dòng)作本身，常指“最后終于，突然發(fā)生”等意義。Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot，youmaygetrunoverbyacar.Hegotwoundedinthebattle.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.（2）get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般不宜用在含有雙賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，也不宜與see,hear,watch,listento等感官動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Theoldmanwasofferedalargesumofmoney.（正）Theoldmangotofferedalargesumofmoney.（誤）（3）get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)有言外之意或具有感情色彩Hegottaughtalesson.（有“活該”之意）Howdidthewindowgetclosed.（有“不該關(guān)上"之意）（4）get-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)表示開始進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，而be+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態(tài)。Shegottired.（有開始感到疲勞的含義）Shewastired.（只表示“她累了”）用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見的動(dòng)詞是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。Theplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell?（耐洗）Thepenwritessmoothly寫起來流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.（“sell"此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來??…”作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣、出售”）2.作表語用的形容詞,如easy,difficult,hard,nice,possible,impossible等后面作狀語的不定式,且與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個(gè)問題是很難回答的。3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作兵補(bǔ)形容詞（如形容詞easy,difficult,hard等）的狀語，又與句子的賓語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義Wefindthemanhardtogetalongwith.IthinkEnglisheasytolearn.4?當(dāng)不定式作定語，又與所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ihavealotofworktodotoday.今天我有許多工作要做。5.在“疑問代詞what（which,whom）+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。She'lltellyouwhichtochoose.她將告訴你該選哪一個(gè)。6.“have/get+賓語+過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。I'llhavethebikerepairedsoon.我將盡快請人修理這輛自行車。7.want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedoneYourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要澆水了。8.beworthdoingsth.某事值得做-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It'sworthreadingasecondtime.Thefilmisworthseeing.你值得擁有這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。8.Too...to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.7.無被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1.系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。smell,sound,taste,feel,look,seem,appear,prove等Theapplestastenice.蘋果嘗起來很好吃。2.不及物動(dòng)詞appear,disappear,fail,fall,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等無被動(dòng)3?—些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:have,belongto

X-./:判斷下列句子的對錯(cuò)二）Thepricehasbeenrisen.：（）Thepricehasrisen.［（）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.z；（）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.｛（）Thepricehasraised./；（）Thepricehasbeenraised.8?系表結(jié)構(gòu)PK被動(dòng)語態(tài)有些“be+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動(dòng)詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）?！保?）Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.這個(gè)門是馮平來關(guān)的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（2）Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是壞的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）TheglassisbrokenbyMary.這個(gè)玻璃杯是瑪麗弄壞的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）【例題精講】例1.Manyaccidentsbycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause例2?DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed例3?Manytreesandflowersinourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plantsKeys:BDB【課堂練習(xí)】課堂練習(xí)：根據(jù)要求改寫句子TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）AnewshirtJackbyMother.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）CanbysomeagedChinese?Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)）TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.保持原句意思）Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.Keys:1.waspraised,by2.willbebought6.toworkKeys:1.waspraised,by2.willbebought6.towork7?welcomehasbeenraised9.arebeingused10.whomarelooked單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Nothingcanthegirlfromthere.A.bestopped;goingB.prevent;goingC.stop;togoD.prevent;togo()2.Althoughyouhavelotsofdifficulties,youmustyourwork.A.carryoutwithB.carryawayonC.carryonwithD.carryover()3.--It'skindhimtohelpmesolvetheproblem.--Yes,heisalwayskindeverybody.A.of;ofB.of;toC.to:ofD.to;to()4.Studentsnottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked()5.WorldEarthDayin1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup()6.Theterrorists(恐怖分子)inXinjianglastmonth.A.arecaughtB.wascaughtC.werecaughtD.iscaught()7.--Youlookreallytired.?--Ididn'tsleepwelllastnight.Ihadaheadache.A.HowaboutyouB.WhatshouldIdoC.What'sthematterD.Howareyoufeelingnow()8.Thedoctorhasoperatedtheweaksoldiercarefullyforabout10hours.A.toB.forC.withD.on()9.LastMarch,manytreesalongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.planted()10.Thebasketballmatchwasreallyfantastic,whenJeremyLinscoredinthelastsecond.A.probablyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.mostly()11.Smartphonescanbeusedtoforinformation.ButIamnotusedtoinformationonsuchasmallscreen.A.search;readingB.searching;readingC.search;readD.searching;read()12.Tombyhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed()13.--She'stoldtowritethereportinsteadofyou?--Yes.Shehastohanditintomorrow.A.isn'tsheB.doe