概要寫作篇+綜合練Developchildren'slifelonglearningability詞匯拓展專題精生實戰(zhàn)演練能力提升練2018年1月高考真題Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ToLaughIsHumanMostofusdon'tknowwhywelaughatsomejokesandnotatothers.Scientistsknowthatweareabletolaughatbirth.Babiesbegintolaughatthreetofourmonthsofage,wellbeforetheyproducetheirfirstwords.Whatscientistsareinterestediniswhywelaugh.Scientistsbelievehumanslaughwithothersprimarilybecauseitmakesusfeelconnectedwithoneanother,whichinturngivesusasenseoftrustandcomfort.Toscientists,laughterisanunconsciousreaction;consequently,whenwelaugh,otherscanbecertainthatitisanhonestreaction,andhonestyiskeywhenbuildingandmaintainingfriendships.Sincelaughterisseenasasocialsignalthatwesendtoothers,itcanalsohelpexplainwhyitissoinfectious.Studieshaveproventhatwhenpeopleseeorhearsomethingfunny,theyare20timesmorelikelytolaughwhentheyarewithothersthanwhentheyarealone.Wantingtobeacceptedbyothersispartofhumannature.Andmirroringotherpeople'slaughterisawaytosignaltoothersthatyoufeelthewaytheydo,whichmakesusfeelmoreconnectedwithoneanother.Humanshavenotalwayslaughedjustsotheycanfeelclosertoothers,however.Scientistspointoutthatthissocialfunctionoflaughterwasbornoutofanevenmorefundamentalhumanneed.Laughter,theybelieve,cameaboutbecauseitcontributedtoourverysurvivalasaspecies.Scientistsassumethatsharinglaughterensuredourancestorsahighersurvivalratebecauseitledtogreatercooperationbetweenindividuals.Humanslearnedquicklythatgreatercooperationledtosurvival,andthebraininturnrealizedthatlaughingwithothersincreasedoutchancesoffindingpeopletocooperate,hunt,eat,live,andeventually,survivewith.Scientiststhinkhumansarebornwiththeabilitytolaugh,butwhydowelaugh?Welaughtofeelclosertooneanother.Laughterhelpsustoberecognizedsowelaughmoreingroupsthanwhenalone.Laughteralsoevolvedfromamorebasicneedtosurviveasitpromotedcooperation,enablinghumanstosurvivebetter.(59w)(一)SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SalesStrategiesHowcanacompanyimproveitssales?Oneofthekeystomoreeffectivesellingisforacompanytofirstdecideonits“salesstrategy”.Inotherwords,whatistheroleofthesalesperson?Isthesalesperson'sjobnarrative,suggestive,orconsultive?The"narrative“salesstrategydependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardsalespresentation.Hisorherpitchhighlightsthebenefitforthecustomerofaparticularproductorservice.Thisapproachismosteffectiveforcustomerswhosebuyingmotivesarebasicallythesameandisalsowellsuitedtocompanieswhohavealargenumberofprospectsonwhichtocall.The"suggestive“approachistailoredmorefortheindividualcustomer.Thesalespersonmustbeinapositiontoofferalternativerecommendationsthatmeetaparticularcustomer'sneeds.Onekeyaspectofthesuggestiveapproachistheneedforthesalespersontoengagethebuyerinsomesortofdiscussion.Thesalespersoncanthenusetheinformationfromthecustomertosuggestanappropriateproductorservice.Thefinalstrategydemandsthatacompany'ssalesstaffactas“consultants“fbrthebuyer.Inthisrole,thesalespersonmustacquireagreatdealofinformationaboutthecustomer.Theydothisthroughmarketresearch,surveys,andface-to-facediscussions.Usingthisinformation,thesalespersonmakesadetailedpresentationtailoredspecificallytoaconsumersneeds.Moreandmoresalesteamsareswitchingfromanarrativeorasuggestiveapproachtoamoreconsultativestrategy.Asaresult,corporationsarelookingmoreatintangibles（無形資產(chǎn)）suchascreativityandanalyticalskillsandlessateducationalbackgroundandtechnicalskills.Salesstrategiesareclassifiedasnarrative,suggestiveandconsultive.Salespeopleusethenarrativestrategytopromoteproductswithstandardpresentations.Thesuggestiveapproachrequiresthesalespersontorecommendasuitableproductaftertalkingwithcustomers.Theconsultivestrategydemandsthatsalespeopleacquireinformationaboutcustomersandactastheir"consultants”.Nowadaysmoreandmoresalesteamsprefertheconsultiveapproach.（60words）Whyplaygames?Becausetheyarefun,andalotmorebesides.Followingtherules...planningyournextmove...actingasateammember...theseareall"game"ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating.Manychildren'sgameshaveapracticalside.Childrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones,whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination（協(xié)調(diào)）neededinhunting.Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincanmeansomuch.Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit-someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniansoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.Apartfromfun,playinggamesbringsmoretopeople.Indoingthegames,childrenlearntoobeyrulesandpreparethemtoworkasadults.Gamesencourageathletestocompeteformedals,encouragingnationalorlocalpride;atthesametime,sportsandgamescangetpeopleunitedandevenspreadhopetothem.(54words)能力提升練_GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Youknowthatthebusinessofbusinessismakingmoney.Whatyoumaynotrealizeis(21)simplethatbusinessis.Youneedtwofundamentalingredientsagoodproductthatcustomerswanttoown,andbright,charismaticpeoplewhowill(22)sellitand,ifnecessary,defendit.Andofthetwo一(23)(desire)productandcompetentpeople-goodpeopleare,inthelongrun,moreimportantthangoodproducts.Youcan'texpecttoproduceonepopularproductafteranother.Youcan,however,coveryourbetsbystaffingyourenterprisewithsuperbemployeeswhowillcontinuetoreflectthecompany'sstrengths(24)theproductsareweak.Itisyourresponsibilitytokeepthoseemployees(25)(perform)aswellastheycan.Theywon'tremainsuperb(26)reliableleadershipand,infact,thereisaperfecttimetoaddressthisissue.Mostsuccessfulcompanieshaveadefiningmoment(27)profitsareskyrocketing,andbusiness(28)notbebetter.Thatispreciselythetimetolookcloselyatyourcustomerservice.Thatyouareearningmoremoneythaneverbefore(29)(indicate)yourproductisterrific,butitdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthesameaboutyourcustomerservice.Itistheidealtimetoexamineyourreputationandexpandthesuccessyouareearningfromyourproducttoincludecustomerservice..Everybusinesswantstobeknownforitscustomerservice.AlthoughevenaslowbutsteadygiantsuchasRadioShackCorporationwilloftencomeupwithahotproduct,itisitscustomerservice(30)keepsitinbusinessyearafteryear.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.doubleB.intenseC.pressuresD.stockE.agricultureF.trappedG.withdrawalH.availabilityI.driveJ.expandingK.risingThroughouthistory,peoplehavefoughtbitterwarsoverpoliticalideology,nationalsovereignty(國家主權(quán))andreligiousexpression.Howmuchmore31willtheseconflictsbewhenpeoplefightovertheEarth'smostindispensableresource-water?Wemayfindoutinthenot-too-distantfutureifprojectionsaboutthe32ofwaterintheMiddleEastandotherregionsprovecorrect.Lessthanthreepercentoftheplanefs33isfreshwater,andalmosttwo-thirdsofthisamountis34inicecaps,glaciers,andundergroundaquifers(含水層)toodeeportooremotetoaccess.Inherbook,PillarsofSand-CantheIrrigationMiracleLast?,SandraPosteloutlinesthreeforcesthat35tensionandconflictoverfreshwater:Usingupthewater"resourcepie."InIndia,theworld'ssecond-mostpopulousnation,withover1billioninhabitants,therateofgroundwater36istwicethatofrecharge,adeficithigherthaninanyothercountry.Althoughwaterisarenewable,resource,itisnota(n)37one.Thefreshwateravailabletodayformorethan6billionpeopleisnogreaterthanitwas2,000yearsago,whenglobalpopulationwasapproximately200million.(ThecurrentU.S.populationis287million.)Global38accountsforabout70%ofallfreshwateruse.Infiveoftheworld'smostwater-stressed,controversialareas-theAralSearegion,theGanges,theJordan,theNilelandandTigris-Euphrates——populationincreasesofupto75%areprojectedby2025.Withthefastestrateofgrowthintheworld,thepopulationofPalestinianterritorywillmorethan39overthenextgeneration.Mostexpertsagreethat,becauseofgeography,population40andpolitics,waterwarsaremostlikelytobreakoutintheMiddleEast,aregionwheretheamountofavailablefreshwaterpercapitawilldecreasebyabout50%overthenextgeneration.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Somepersonalcharacteristicsplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofone'sintelligence.Butpeoplefailtorealizetheimportanceoftrainingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.Theso-called"non-intelligencefactors9includeone'sfeelings,will,motivation,interestsandhabits.Aftera30-yearstudy,Americanpsychologists4]thatthemaincauseofdifferencesinintelligenceisnotintelligence42,butnon-intelligencefactorsincludingthedesiretolearn,willpowerandself-confidence.43peopleallknowthatoneshouldhavedefiniteobjectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon'tpaymuchattentionto44thesefactors.Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.Theyblameeithergeneticfactors,orlaziness,buttheynevertakeinto45thesenon-intelligencefactors.Atthesametime,someteachersdon'tinquireintoreasonswhystudentsdo46.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercises,or47criticizeorlaughatthem.Afterall,thesestudentsloseself-confidence.Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedand48themselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastray（墮落）becausetheyaresickoflearning.Aninvestigationofmorethan1,000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwere49oflearning,becauseofexaminations,36.4percentlackedpersistence,initiativeandconsciousnessand10.3percentweresickoflearning.Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnon-intelligencefactorshasbeenamain50tointelligencedevelopmentinteenagers.Itevencausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicaland51developmentamongafewstudents.Ifwedon'tstartnowto52thecultivationofnon-intelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyaffectthedevelopmentofthe53ofteenagers,butalsoaffectthequalityofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveputforward54abouthowtocultivatestudents5non-intelligencefactors.Parentsandteachersshould55understandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasis,theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectivesoflearning,excitingtheirinterestsandtougheningtheirwillpower.41.A.cameoutB?foundoutC.madeoutD?workedout42.A.initselfB.byitselfC.itselfD.onitsown43.A.ThoughB.NeverthelessC.HoweverD.Moreover44.A.believingB?studyingC.cultivatingD.developing45.A.effectB?commentC.considerationD.preparations46.A.poorlyB?properlyC.successfullyD.dependently47.A.everB?evenC.stillD?more48.A.putB.getC.handleD.give

A.afraidA.afraidA.difficultyA.intelligentA.practiseA.intelligenceA.projectsA.fullyA.afraidA.difficultyA.intelligentA.practiseA.intelligenceA.projectsA.afraidA.difficultyA.intelligentA.practiseA.intelligenceA.projectsA.fullyB,aheadB-questionB?characteristicB?regulatediligenceB?warningsB?greatlyC?awareC-threatpsychologicalstrengthenC.cultivationC.suggestionsC?veryD?ashamedobstacleD.physicalD?urgeD?performanceD.decisionD.highlyIt'simpossibleforstudentstomakeupsmallgroupsinlargelecturehalls.Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.Collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Largeclasses,particularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.Theprimary,goalshouldbe.foreveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.67Weareinthetwenty-firstcenturynow,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.68Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandard-sizedclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapesorsemicircles.69Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmall,groupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents,thinkingprocessesoperatealltheseareessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.70Acolleagueofmine,John,allowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Johnthenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents5namesandfaces.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinNOMORETHAN60WORDS.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Writeyouranswerontheanswersheet.Stressforateenagerisasrealaproblemasstressfbranadult.Therefore,it^importanttounderstandthecausesofstressinteenagers.Whenparentschangetheirjobsorifthefamilydecidestomovetoadifferentplace,thechildhastochangeschools,findnewfriends,adapttothenewsocialcircleandfitintonewgroups.Itisalwaysdifficultforchildrentoadapttosuchchanges,whichcanbeaseriouscauseofstressintheirlife.Academicdifficulties,suchasinabilitytounderstandacertainsubjectcancausestress.Noteverychildhastheabilitytounderstandeverysubject.Somekidsneedextrahelpbesidesschoolworktograspafewconcepts.Pooracademicperformanceisoftenlaughedatandislookeddownuponbybothteachersandpeers.Insuchcases,itcanmakethechildfeelisolated,neglectedandhurt.Allofthis,puttogether,canaddtostress,whichmanytimesworsensgrades.Extracurricular(課外的)activitiessuchasplayingasport,orattendingartclassescanweighheavilyonyourchild'smind.Balancingschoolandextracurricularactivitiesdoesseemlikeaburdenwhenyouhavetobeoutstandingatboth.Whenthepressuresfrombothendsgetunmanageable,teenagerstendtogettiredandannoyed.Tirednesssetsin,leadingtostressrelatedissuessuchaslackofconcentrationinschool.Thesearethecommoncausesofstressinteenagers,whichcanbenoticedthroughsignssuchaspoormemory,anxiety,negativeandpessimisticattitude.Ifthesignsofteenagestressgounrecognizedforalongtime,itcanmakethechildemotionallyoutofbalance.Andnextstep,ifthishappens,itisnecessaryforparentstoknowhowtodealwithstress.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordorphrasegiveninthebrackets..這本書昏在分析貧窮的原因。(mean).據(jù)報道，昨天發(fā)生的事故奪走了100條生命。(claim).閱讀原版小說時，沒有必要在詞典里查每一個生詞。(look)、.藥片可能會被孩子們誤認(rèn)為是糖，所以應(yīng)該放在孩子們拿不到的地方。(inaccessible)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.請結(jié)合生活實際，談一下你對喬布斯過說的這句話“StayHungry,StayFoolish”的理解。[Keys]21.how22.both23.desired24.evenif25.performing26.w汕out27.when28.could29.indicates30.that31—40BHDFIGJEAC41—55:BCACCABDADCCACA67-70DCFBAsummaryforreference:Stressisharmfultoteenagers.Changingschoolplaces,pooracademicperformanceandthedifficultyinbalancingschoolworkandafter-classactivitiesallcontributetothisproblem.Tohelpthemhandlestress,parentsareadvisedtowatchsuchsignsaspoormemory,anxiety,negativeandpessimisticattitudeintheirchildrenandintervene.(51words)Translation:Thebookismeanttoanalyzethecause(s)ofpoverty.Itisreportedthattheaccidentthathappenedyesterdayclaimed100lives.Whenyoureadanovelintheoriginallanguage,thereisnoneedtolookupeverynewwordinthedictionary.Pillsmightbemistakenforcandiesbykids,sotheyshouldbeputwheretheyareinaccessibletothem.作文：SteveJobsonceconcludedhisspeechwiththesentence“StayHungry,Stayfoolish.Itmeansweshouldhaveaninquiringmindandholdamodestattitudetowardsknowledge.Thesayingcarriesmuchimportanceinthischangingworldbecauseitisthepreconditionofinnovationanditisinnovationthatpropelsthedevelopmentofoursociety.Numerousstoriesintherealbusinessworldillustratethispoint.KodaandNokiausedtoleadthephotographyandmobilephoneindustries.However,theylaggedbehindthedigitaltrendbecausetheystucktotheold-fashionedproductsandlosttheiralertnesstothekeencompetitioninthemarket.Bycomparison,undertheleadershipofSteveJobs,Applemarchedaheadwithitstirelesspursuitofbettertechnology.Ithasbroughtaboutnumeroustechnologicalbreakthroughsinhandygadgetsandkeepsitsleadinthemarket.FromwhereIamstanding,thissayingalsoremindscommonpeopleoftheimportanceofmodesty.Whenwestayhungryforknowledge,weregardtakinginnewinformationasajoyfulmatter.Theacquisitionofknowledgehelpstobroadenouthorizons.Whenwestayfoolish,wecandetecttheshortcomingsinourselvesandknowbetteraboutourselves.“StayHungry,Stayfoolish^^isthelegacySteveJobslefttothisworld.Weshouldmaintainanattitudeofmodestyandalwaysbereadytoembraceeverythinginnovativeandrevolutionary,thuskeepingupwiththetimes.詞匯拓展詞匯拓展詞匯拓展詞匯拓展詞匯拓展四級詞匯拓展

詞匯拓展詞義例句1.hazardfhaezad]n.危險，風(fēng)險，隱患Pollutedwatersourcesareahazardtowildlife.2.hostilefhnstai]adj.敵對的，敵方的；懷敵意的Manypeoplefelthewouldbehostiletotheideaofforeignintervention.3.identical[aidentk(a)l]adj.完全相同的Theingredientsareidenticalwiththoseofcompetingproducts.4.imprison[m'pr巳(a)n]vt.監(jiān)禁；關(guān)押Hewasimprisonedfor18monthsonchargesoftheft.5.incentive|n'sentv]n.動機(jī)，鼓勵；刺激Awardsprovideanincentiveforyoungpeopletoimprovetheirskills.6.incline[n'klan]vi.傾斜；傾向；易于vt.使傾斜；使傾向于n.傾斜；斜面；斜坡Theaccidentinclinedhimtoreconsiderhiscareer.Thosewhofailinclinetoblametheworldfortheirfailure.Hecametoahaltattheedgeofasteepincline.7.indifferent[n*df(a)r(a)nt]adj.漠不關(guān)心的；無關(guān)緊要的；中性的，中立的，平庸的Peoplehavebecomeindifferenttothesufferingofothers.Shehadstarredinseveralveryindifferentmovies.8.indignant[nygnant]adj.憤憤不平的；義憤的Lizwasindignantatthewayherchildhadbeentreated.9.indispensable!ndispensobal]Mobilephoneshavebecomeanindispensablepartofourlives.adj.不可缺少的；絕對必要的10.infinitefnfnat]adj.無限的，無窮的；無數(shù)的Therewasaninfinitevarietyofdrinkstochoosefrom.Tellectual[?ntalektjjal]adj.智力的；聰明的；理智的n.知識分子Highlevelsofleadcoulddamagetheintellectualdevelopmentofchildren.Teachers,imate「ntmat]adj.親密的；私人的；精通的n.知己；至交She'sonintimatetermswithpeopleingovernment.Shehadalreadyintimatedtomeherwishtoleave.13.irrigate『rget]V.灌溉；沖洗ThewaterinLakePowellisusedtoirrigatethearea.14.lag[laeg]v/n.落后BritainislaggingbehindtherestofEurope.15.meadow[’medao]n.草地；牧場Thefenceextendstothemeadow.。式題突破_各種文體的寫作技巧1、記敘文(Narration)：找出時間(when),地點(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),為什么做(why),結(jié)果怎么樣(how)六要素。其果最重要的要點是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夾敘夾議的文章，還要加上作者的看法、觀點、經(jīng)驗或感悟。1)敘事性的記敘文(Narration)。敘事性的記敘文的主要內(nèi)容的概括主要抓住記敘文的幾個要素：時間、地點、人物、事件和影響或后果。2)寫人的記敘文(Description)。寫人的記敘文總結(jié)要點主要抓住人物的主要特點或事跡，劃出關(guān)鍵詞(所謂關(guān)鍵詞是文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)主題或關(guān)聯(lián)的詞)。2、議論文(Argumentation)o找出議論文的三要素，即論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。而這種文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)、分總結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此，我們通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找論點。若文中有一分為二(即對立觀點)的觀點，兩種觀點都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點。3、說明文(Exposition)抓住關(guān)鍵句：文章第一段和各段第一句。說明文一般有三種：描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功能；針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施；介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因、結(jié)果。各文體例文展示說明文Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.（2017普陀——模）TeachingIs"OneoftheLeastPopularJobsintheUK”TheUKgovemmvethasjustpublishedareportonthefutureofsecondaryschoolteaching,andtheconclusionofthereportisthatmanysecondaryschoolsnowfacegreatdifficultiesinfindingpeoplewhowanttobeteacheis.Sincethe1980s,thenumberofgraduateswhowould"seriouslyconsidef,teachingasacareerhasfallensharply,from64%in1982tojust17%today.Thereportsuggeststhaturgentactionneedstobetakeninordertoencouragemoreintelligentyounggraduatesintoteaching.?Themaindrawback（缺點）ofsecondaryteaching,accordingtothereport,isthelowsalary.Earningsinteachingaremuchlowerthaninmanyotherjobs.JoanneManners,24,isagoodexample:"Igraduatedinmathslastyear,andIwasthinkingofdoingateacher-trainingcoursetobecomeamathsteacher-butIsawIcouldearntwiceasmuchifIworkedinmarketingoradvertising,soIdecidednottobecomeateacher.”②It'snotjustaboutthemoney,however.Thesurveyconcludedthatanotherreasonwhypeopledon'twanttobeteachersisthatsometeenagersbehaveverybadlyinschool.Alotofschoolshaveproblemswithdiscipline,anditseemsclearthatchildrendonothavethesamerespectforteachersasinthepast.③Here'stheviewofDaveHallam,anaccountantfromLondon:"Ithinkparentsaretoblame.Theyshouldhavestricterruleswiththeirchildrenathomeandalsoteachtheirchildrentohavemorerespectforteachers.”④Thereportisclearthattheproblemofteachershortageisaveryseriousone.Itsaysthatthegovernmentshouldraiseteachers'paysignificantly,tocatchupwithworkersinotherprofessions.Italsoindicatesthatthegovernmentcouldlaunchanationwidepublicitycampaign,withsomeadvertisementsonTVandinthenewspapers,toshowthepositivesidesofteachingtoyoungpeople.⑤做題步驟：Step1：細(xì)讀全文，明確主題。本文主要是描述教師是英國最不受歡迎的工作。Step2：劃分要點。本文分5個要點，已在文中標(biāo)出。提出主題一一兩點原因一一兩點建議。②和③要點可以合并。Step3：標(biāo)主題句或關(guān)鍵詞。已在文中用橫線標(biāo)出每段主題句。Step4：概括。Asisreported,secondaryschoolsinUKexperienceddifficultiesrecruitingyoungteachers.Thereasonsarelowsalaryandkid'sbadbehaviors.Therefore,poorlybehavedstudentsneedtoobeystricterrulesandparentsneedtodisciplinethemathome.Also,governmentshouldincreaseteachers9incomeandpromoteateachingcampaigntodisplayteaching'sbrightside.（55words）.議論文Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.（2017長寧嘉定一模）TheadvantagesofsocialnetworkingWhydomostpeoplesignuptosocialnetworkingsites??Themainreasonistostayintouchwithotherpeople.Thesesitesalsohelppeopletofindtheirchildhoodfriendsthattheyhavelosttouchwith.Renewingtheselong-lostfriendshipsisjustaclickaway.Itisveryexcitingtobeabletocatchupwithfriendsandkeepupwiththeirnewsonanalmostdailybasisthankstofrequentupdates.?Keepup-to-date,however9doesn91havetoberestrictedtofriendsandacquaintances（相識的人）.Whatmanypeopletendtoforgetisthattheycanalsousenetworkingsitesforprofessionalreasons.Itisactuallyagreatwayoffindingoutaboutupcomingjobopportunities.Friendsmightknowaboutjobvacanciesthatmaynotbeadvertisedelsewhereortheycanevenrecommendtheirfriendsforcertainjobs.Evenpeoplealreadyemployedcanpromotetheirbusinessonline.Thisisparticularlyimportantforartists,actorsandmusicianswhocancreatepagesdevotedtotheirbandortheatrecompany,andinformfansabouttheirgigs（現(xiàn)場演唱會）orlatestexhibitions,hiaddition,thesitescanbeused