微生物題庫(kù)英文微生物題庫(kù)英文微生物題庫(kù)英文xxx公司微生物題庫(kù)英文文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Test1:DevelopmentofMicrobiology■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)1.Thefundamentalunit（基本單位）ofalllivingorganismsisthe:C■.membrane■.cell■.nucleus■.cellwall2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:C■.fungi真菌■.eukaryotic真核生物■.prokaryotic原核生物■.nankaryotic3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystem（三界分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)）oforganismswasproposedby:D■.Pasteur■.Bacon■.Winogradsky■.Woese4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.A■.chitin殼多糖■.phospholipid磷脂■.protein蛋白質(zhì)■.glucosamine葡糖胺5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:C■.Ehrlich■.Metchnikoff■.Leewenhoek■.Lister6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibiotic（抗生素）iscreditedto:C■.Lister■.Fleming■.Ehrlich■.Koch7.Theterm"antibiotic"means:C■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds（霉菌）■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells8.Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccine（疫苗）forsmallpox天花wasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:D■.Lister■.Florey■.Fleming■.Jenner9.Activeimmunity（主動(dòng)免疫）canbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:B■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens（抗原）■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies10.Theprocessofnitrification（硝化作用）bybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:A■.ammoniatonitrateions將氨轉(zhuǎn)化成硝酸鹽■.nitrateionstoammonia將硝酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)化成氨 ■.N2toammonia將氮?dú)廪D(zhuǎn)化成氨■.ammoniatourea將氨轉(zhuǎn)化成尿素11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvector（病毒載體）isreferredtoas:B■.electroporation電穿孔■.conjugation接合生殖■.transformation轉(zhuǎn)化■.transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:B■.RNA■.DNA■.protein■.lipid■FillintheBlank1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled__eukaryotic_____2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_____prokaryotic__3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the___archeabacteria____andthe____eubacteria（真細(xì)菌）___.4.___anaerobes（厭氧菌）___areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:arecalled___autotrophs_（自養(yǎng)菌）__.6._photoautotrophs（光能自養(yǎng)生物）_____aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.7._heterotroph_（異養(yǎng)菌）___requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas__thermophile_（適溫性）___.9._methanogen_（產(chǎn)甲烷菌）____areorganismsthatproducemethane（甲烷）fromCO2.10.___halophile_（好鹽的）__organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:a._sphericalorcocci_____b._cylindricalorrod_____c.__spirals____d.___irregular__12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:___eukaryotic____.13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof__chitin（殼多糖）_____.14.Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat.15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoning（演繹推理）andobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_hypothesis_（假說(shuō)）___.16.Thetheory_spontaneousgeneration______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.（非生命物質(zhì)）17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganisms（活菌）bymoderateheatingiscalled:_pasteurization__（巴士消毒法）___.18.Theprocessoftyndallization（間歇滅菌法）usesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor___sterilize（殺菌）____microorganismsfromsolutions.19.An_antibiotic（抗生素）______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____.21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulf（吞食）foreignparticles（異物顆粒）arereferredtoas_phagocytes___（吞噬細(xì)胞）__.22.Asubstanceinserum（免疫血清）thatcanneutralize（中和）foreignmaterialisreferredtoas__antitoxin_（抗毒素）___or__antibody__（抗體）__.23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled__interfewn____thatinhibitsviralreplication.24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenic（非病原的）topathogenicstrains（致病菌株）ofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof___DNA___.25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas__conjugation____.26._transformation_（轉(zhuǎn)化）____istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.■Matchingl.FrancisBacona.phagocytosis吞噬作用2.AntonLeeuwenhoekb.antibody抗體3.PaulEhrlichc.nitrification硝化作用4.HansGramd.immunization免疫法5.LouisPasteure.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA6.RobertKochf.structureofDNA7.JosephListerg.firstmicroscope第一臺(tái)顯微鏡8.AlexanderFlemingh.conjugationortransduction接合和轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)作用9.EdwardJenneri.differentialstainforbacteria10.EliMerferon干擾素11.EmilvonBehringk.rabiesvaccine狂犬病疫苗12.AlickIsaac1.penicillin青霉素13.SergeiWinogradskym.antiseptic（防腐劑）technique14.JoshuaLederbergn.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease15.WatsonandCricko.magicbullet16.CarlWoesep.scientificmethod1.p2.g3.o4.i5.k6.n7.m8.l9.d10.a11.b12.j13.c14.h15.f16.eTest2:MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)1.Lightmicroscopy（光學(xué)顯微鏡術(shù)）isdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:B■.transportedlight■.transmittedlight透射光■.reflectedlight反射光■.refractedlight折射光2.Theresolvingpower(R)（分辨率）ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelength（波長(zhǎng)）oflight(;~)andthenumericalaperture(NA)ofthelens.Theformula（公式）forRis:B■.R=0.5~.xNA■.R=0.5;~/NA■.R=NA/0.5Jr■.R=Squarerootof0.5)./NA3.Thegramstain（革蘭氏染色）uses~asamordant（媒染劑）tofixtheprimarystain:A■.iodine碘■.alcohol乙醇■.acetone丙酮■.safranin番紅4.Theacid-faststain（抗酸性染色）isusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:C■.Staphylococcusaureus金黃色葡萄球菌■.Mycoplasmamycoides霉菌樣支原體■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis結(jié)核分枝桿菌■.Moraxellaosloensis奧斯陸摩拉克菌,5.Botulism（肉毒中毒）isaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores（孢子）.Whichofthefollowinggenera（屬）arecapableofproducingspores?D■.Salmonella沙門(mén)氏菌屬■.Listeria利斯塔氏菌屬■.Escherichia埃希氏菌屬■.Clostridia梭菌屬6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeams（電子束）tovisualize（使可見(jiàn)）objects?B■.Nomarski■.TEM投射型電子顯微鏡■.PCM脈沖■.Confocal共焦的7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat."（膿毒性咽喉炎）Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen（病原體）D■.defined■.enriched■.selective■.differential8.Sterilization（滅菌）ofmaterialwithanautoclave（高壓滅菌鍋）utilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:A■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in29.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic

B■.directcount直接計(jì)數(shù)■.viablecount活菌數(shù)■.turbidimetriccount濁度計(jì)數(shù)■.absorbance吸光度10.Identificationofmicroorganisms（微生物）canbeaccomplished（完成）byanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?C■.enzymelinkedassay（含量測(cè)定）■.geneprobe基因探針■.metabolic代謝■.fluorescent熒光■FillintheBlank1.Amedia（培養(yǎng)基）wherealltheingredients（成分）areknowniscalleda_defined_____media.2.__aseptic（無(wú)菌的）____techniqueisusedtomaintainapureculture（純培養(yǎng)物）andavoidcontamination.（污染）3.Sterilizationinstrument（滅菌器械）thatutilizessteamunderpressure:_autoclave_（高壓滅菌鍋）_____.4.A___streak___plateutilizesaloop（接種環(huán)）orneedle（接種針）todistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.（培養(yǎng)皿）5.__serological（血清學(xué)的）____identificationutilizesantibodies（抗體）fornamingofbacterialspecies.6.Bacteriacanbepreserved（保藏）forlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-drying（冷凍干燥）or__lyophilization____（凍干保藏法）.7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa_spectrophotometer（分光光度計(jì)）_____tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.8.Theviableplate（平板細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)）countcountslivebacterialcolonies（菌落）intherangeor____30__to__300____.9.Acountingchamber（計(jì)數(shù)板）andamicroscope（顯微鏡）areusedinthe_direct_____countofbacteria.10.The_geneprobe_（基因探針）____techniqueutilizesalabeled（示蹤的）complementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.（樣本）■MatchingMatchingI:l.Primarystainforgramstaina.Negativestain負(fù)染色2.Stainsbacterialcellb.Carbohlfuchsin品紅3.Usedtofixstainc.Crystalviolet結(jié)晶紫4.Decolorize脫色d.Malachitegreen孔雀綠5.Sporestaine.Safranin番紅6.Acid-faststainf.Positivestain正染7.Gram-bacteriatakeupthiscounterstaing.Alcohol乙醇8.Stainsbackgroundh.Mordant媒染劑MatchingII:1.Mediausedtoinhibitgrowthofunwantedorganismsa.Enrichment富集2.Mediawhereallcomponentsarenotknownb.Selective選擇性的3.Mediausedtocontrastorganismsonsameplatec.Differential4.Mediausedtoenhancegrowthd.ComplexMatchingI:1.c2.f.3.h4.g5.d.6.b7.e8.aMatchingII:1.b2.d3.c4.aTest3:OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipid（脂質(zhì)）componentofthemembrane.D■.phosphates磷酸鹽類(lèi)■.fattyacids脂肪酸類(lèi)■.proteins蛋白類(lèi)■.sterols甾醇類(lèi)2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:B■.bilayermodel雙層膜模型■.fluidmosaicmodel流動(dòng)鑲嵌模型■.trilayermodel■.permeable（有滲透性的）model3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:B■.diffusion擴(kuò)散■.osmosis滲透■.translocation易位■.transport運(yùn)輸4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____barrier（屏障）.C■.semipermanent半永久性■.semitransparent半透明的■.semipermeable半滲透性的■.semidiffuse5.Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled:A■.facilitateddiffusion易化擴(kuò)散■.passivediffusion被動(dòng)擴(kuò)散■.osmosis滲透作用■.permeation6.WhichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithoutchemicalalterationA■.activetransport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸■.grouptranslocation基團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)位■.facilitateddiffusion易化擴(kuò)散■.bindingproteintransport蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)7.WhichofthefollowingtransportmechanismoccursonlyinGram-negativebacteria?D■.activetransport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸■.grouptranslocation基團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)位■.facilitateddiffusion易化擴(kuò)散■.bindingproteintransport蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)8.Whichofthefollowingtransportmechanismsoccursonlyinprokaryotes

B■.activetransport■.grouptranslocation■.facilitateddiffusion■.bindingproteintransport9.Lysozyme（溶菌酶）andpenicillin（青霉素）haveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation.C■.lipopolysaccharide脂多糖■.phospholipid磷脂■.peptidoglycan肽聚糖■.teichoicacid磷壁酸10.Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:B■.protoplast原生質(zhì)體■.spheroplast原生質(zhì)球■.periplast周質(zhì)體■.capsule莢膜11.Acapsule（莢膜）canbedifferentiatedfromaslimelayers（粘液層）sincethecapsule:D■.ismadeupofcomplexcarbohydrates（復(fù)合糖）andtheslimelayercontainsprotein■.isboundtothecellmembrane■.isboundtothecellwall■.isboundtotheoutermembrane12.ThechromatinofeukaryoticcellsiscomposedofDNAand____A■.histoneproteins組蛋白■.nonhistoneproteins■.RNA■.ribosomes13.DNAtransfersinformationtomakeproteinsinmoleculesreferredtoas:B■.iRNA■.mRNA■.rRNA■.tRNA14.Mitochondrialribosomes（線粒體核糖體）are____insize.C■.40S■.60S■.70S■.80S15.TheprocesswherebyATPisgeneratedbytheflowofprotons（質(zhì)子）acrossamembraneis:B■.substratelevelphosphorylation底物水平磷酸化■.chemiosmosis化學(xué)滲透作用■.protokinesis■.glycolysis糖酵解16.Theendoplasmicreticulum(ER)（內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)）isamembranousstructurewithineukaryoticcells.Itisthesiteforproteinsynthesisandforstorageandtransportationofmoleculesoutofthecell.WhichpartoftheERisusedforproteinsynthesis

B■.golgiapparatus高爾基體■.roughER粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)■.smoothER光面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)■.microbody微體17.Flagellaofbacteriaarecomposedofproteinsubunitscalledflagellin（鞭毛蛋白）;eukaryoticflagellaarecomposedofsubunitscalled:D■.flagellin鞭毛蛋白■.cilin■.spectrin血影蛋白■.tubulin微管蛋白18.Flagella（鞭毛）areusedtopropelthecellinresponsetoanenvironmentalsignal.Bacterialflagellaandeukaryoticflagellacanbedifferentiatedsincetheformermovesby:A■.rotatingarounditsbase■.pullingitselfonceitisattachedtoasurfaceormate■.wavingorwhippingtomovethecell■.twistingandreleasingsimilartoarubberband19.Endospores（內(nèi)生孢子）aremultilayeredstructuresthatprovideprotectionfromenvironmentalstressandarecomposedof:B■.peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）andlipopolysaccharide（脂多糖）■.peptidoglycanandcalciumdipicolonate■.peptidoglycanandcalciumbicarbonate碳酸脂■.lipopolysaccharideandsuccinicacid（琥珀酸）20.Gram-positivebacteriacanbedifferentiatedfromGram-negativebacteriasincethepeptidoglycan（肽聚糖）layeroflatercomprises____%ofthecellwall.D■.90■.50■.30■.10■FillintheBlank1.Mostcellsuseenergyintheformof__ATP____torunthecell.2.Phospholipids（磷脂類(lèi)）ofeubacterialcellsarecomposedofa__phosphate（磷酸鹽）____groupanda_fattyacid____onaglycerol（甘油）backbone.3.Membraneproteinsfoundonthesurfacearecalled__peripheral（次要的）____proteins.4.TheenergysourceforactivetransportineukaryotesisderivedfromATP.Theenergyforactivetransportinprokaryotesisderivedfrom__protomotiveforce____.5.TheregionbetweentheoutermembraneinGram-negative（革蘭陰性）bacteriaandthecellwalliscalledthe___periplasmicspace_（壁膜間隙）___.6.Extrachromosomal（染色體外的）DNAelementsfoundinbacteriaarecalled____plasmids____.7.Ribosomesarestructurescomposedof____proteins___and____rRNA__.8.Thefluidinsideacellisreferredtoasthe___cytoplasm_____.9.Thehereditaryorganelle（具遺傳效應(yīng)的細(xì)胞器）ofeukaryoticcellsiscalledthe__nucleus____.10.Theprocessbywhichacellengulfs（吞食）andinternalizes（陷入）particlessuchasbacteriaorothercellsiscalled____phagocytosis_（吞噬作用）_.■Matchingl.Prokaryotes原核生物a.hookandbasalbody2.Eukaryotes真核生物b.endofcell3.hydrophobic疏水的c.microtubles4.Hydrophilic親水的d.pill5.Permease通透酶e.eukaryotes6.eubacteria真細(xì)菌f.surroundingcell7.Archeobacteria古細(xì)菌g.9+2arrangement8.cellulose纖維素karyotes9.chitin幾丁質(zhì)i.fattyacid10.circularchromosome環(huán)狀染色體j.algae11.linearchromosome線狀染色體k.transportprotein12.70Sribosomes1.lackorganelles無(wú)細(xì)胞器13.80Sribosomesm.possesnucleus14.Polar（兩極的）flagellan.waterloving親水性15.Peritrichous（周?chē)模ゝlagellao.fungi真菌16.bacterialflagellap.L-aminoacids17.eukaryoticflagellaq.D-aminoacids18.fimbria菌毛19.cilia纖毛20.cytoskeleton細(xì)胞骨架1.l2.m,j,o3.n4.i5.k6.p7.q8.j9.o10.h11.e,j,o12.h,j,o13.e14.b15.f16.a17.g18.d19.e20.cTest4:Prokaryotes■GenusMatch:(MatchtheGenuswiththeAppropriateGroup)MatchtheGenuswiththeAppropriateGroup:l.Spirochete螺旋體a.Halococcus噬鹽球菌屬Gm-aerobic（好氧的）,motile,vibroidb.Clostridium梭菌屬3.Gm-aerobiccocci（球菌）c.VeiUonellaGm-facultative（兼性的）rod（桿狀）d.Caulobacter柄桿菌屬5.Gm-anerobic（厭氧的）rode.Treponema密螺旋體6.Gm-anaerobiccoccif.Myxococcus粘球菌7.Budding（芽殖）/appendagedg.Streptococcus鏈球菌8.Fruitingbody子實(shí)體h.Pyrobaculum熱棒菌屬9.Gm+coccii.Campylobacter彎曲桿菌10.Gm+rods(nospores)j.Methanococcus產(chǎn)甲烷球菌11.Gm+rods(endospores內(nèi)孢子)k.Listeria李斯特菌屬12.Gm+irregularrod1.Bacteroides擬桿菌屬13.Halophile喜鹽生物m.Neisseria奈瑟氏菌14.Thermophile噬熱生物n.Salmonella沙門(mén)氏菌15.Methanogen產(chǎn)烷生物o.Corynebacteria棒狀桿菌l.e2.I3.m4.n5.16.c7.d8.d9.g10.k11.b12.o13.a14.h15.j■CharacteristicMatch:(MatchtheCharacteristicwiththeAppropriateGenusorGroup)MatchtheCharacteristicwiththeAppropriateGenusorGroup:l.Borrelia包柔氏螺旋體a.sulfurreducing硫降低2.Helicobacter螺桿菌b.acidfast耐酸的3.Shigella志賀氏桿菌c.Gm+rod（桿狀）,aerobic（需氧）,endospores（內(nèi)孢子）Desulfovibrio硫磷弧菌屬d.gliding滑動(dòng)5.Chlamydia衣原體e.psedomurein6.Anabaena魚(yú)腥藻f.cyanobacteria藍(lán)藻細(xì)菌7.Chemolithotrophic無(wú)機(jī)化能營(yíng)g.Helical（螺旋形）rod,nocentralfibrils（中央纖維）8.Caulobacter柄桿菌屬h.helicalrod,centralfibrils9.Cytophaga纖維菌屬i.filamentous絲狀的10.Staphylococcus葡萄球菌j.obligateintracellularparasite必須寄生在細(xì)胞的寄生蟲(chóng)11.Bacillus芽孢桿菌k.Gm+cocciinclusters12.Actimomycetes1.Enterobacteriacea13.Mycoplasma支原體m.Nitrobacter硝化桿菌屬14.Mycobacteria分枝桿菌sthecae菌柄15.Methanogen產(chǎn)甲烷菌o.friedegg1.h2.g3.14.a5.j6.f7.m8.n9.d10.k11.c12.f13.o14.b15.eTest5:Eukaryotes■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)l.Fungiareconsideredheterotrophic（非自養(yǎng)的）becausetheyobtainnutritionthrough:C■.phagocytosis吞噬作用■.endocytosis內(nèi)吞作用■.adsorption吸附作用■.photosynthesis光合作用2.Theseparationbetweenfilamentous（絲狀的）fungalcellsarereferredtoas:B■.cellwalls■.septa隔膜■.chitin幾丁質(zhì)■.sidewalls側(cè)壁3.Fungithatcanappearasayeastorfilamentousarereferredtoas:D■.Fungiimperfecti半知菌綱■.Fungiperfecti■.cheterotrophicfungi■.dimorphicfungi4.Thickwalledspores（厚壁孢子）formedwithinfungalcellsarecalled:D■.Arthrospores分節(jié)孢子■.sporangiospores包囊孢子■.blastospores芽生孢子■.chlamydospores后垣孢子5.Asexualfungalsporesthatareformedfromfragmentedhyphae（支離破碎的菌絲）arecalled:A■.arthrospores■.sporangiospores■.ascospores■.chlamydospores6.Asexualfungalsporesformedwithinasac-likestructurearecalled:B■.arthrospores■.sporangiospores■.blastospores■.ascospores7.Sexualfungalspores（孢子）formedwithinasac-likestructurearecalled:D■.Chlamydospores厚垣孢子■.sporangiospores包囊孢子■.blastospores芽孢子■.ascospores子囊孢子8.Whichofthefollowingclassesoffungicausehypertrophy（肥大）ofcellssimilartothebacteriumA.tumifaciens?C■.Oomycetes■.Ascomycetes■.Chytridiomycetes■.Deuteromycetes9.Whichofthefollowingfungiaremotilebytwoflagella（鞭毛）A■.Oomycetes卵菌■.Ascomycetes子囊菌■.Chytridiomycetes壺菌綱■.Deuteromycetes半知菌綱10.Commonbreadmold（發(fā)霉）iscausedbyRhizopusstolonifer匍枝根霉whichisa:D■.Deuteromycete■.Ascomycete■.Basidiomycete■.Zygomycete11.Ascomycetes子囊菌canbedifferentiatedfromzygomycetes接合菌sincetheascomyceteshavehyphae菌絲.B■.septated有隔膜■.aseptated無(wú)隔膜12.Whichofthefollowingfungihaveasexualreproductivephase

B■.Coccidiodes球孢子菌■.Histoplasma組織漿胞菌■.Aspergillus曲霉■.Alternaria鏈格孢屬13.Whichclassoffungidonothaveasexualreproductivephase（有性生殖階段）A■.Deuteromycete半知菌■.Ascomycete子囊菌■.Basidiomycete擔(dān)子菌■.Zygomycete結(jié)合菌14.Thecellstructuresofbracket（多孔菌）fungiarereferredtoas:A■.Septa隔膜■.basidiocarp擔(dān)子果■.anteridium■.Zygomycet15.Thetoxin（毒素）fromwhichofthefollowingmushroomsinhibitspolymeraseactivity（聚合酶活性）A■.Agaricusbisporous■.Ischnordermaresinosum■.anteridium■.Zygomycet16.Thecommonmushroom（蘑菇）belongstowhichgroupoffungi

B■.Ascomycetes子囊菌綱■.Basidiomycetes擔(dān)子菌綱■.Chytridiomycetes壺菌綱■.Deuteromycetes半知菌綱17.WhichofthefollowingDeuteromycetes（半知菌）areoftencoloredgreenandtheconidiospores（分生孢子）arearrangedinabrushshape?A■.Penicillium青霉菌■.Alternaria鏈格孢屬■.Coccidiodes球孢子菌■.Geotrichum地霉菌屬18.AllofthefollowingalgaearegreenwiththeexceptionofD■.Euglena裸藻■.Volvox團(tuán)藻■.Spirogyra綠藻■.Nemalion19.Whichalgaecontainaredpigmentedareaknownastheeyespot（眼點(diǎn)）B■.Euglenoids■.Chlorophycophyta■.Rhodophycophyta■.Phaeophycophyta20.TheouterlayerofEuglena（裸藻）iscalled:C■.cellwall■.fmstule■.pellicle菌膜■.blade21.Xanthophyllpigmentsgivealgaeacolor.C■.red■.blue■.yellow■.green22.Whichofthefollowingalgaearecloserphylogenetically（系統(tǒng)發(fā)育）tohigherplants（高等植物）

C■.brownalgae■.yellow-greenalgae■.redalgae■.greenalgae23.Thestoragematerial,paramylon,ismadeinwhichofthefollowinggroupsofalgae（藻類(lèi)）A■.euglenoid眼蟲(chóng)藻■.redalgae紅藻■.greenalgae綠藻■.brownalgae褐藻24.Themouthofaciliatedprotozoa（有纖毛的原生動(dòng)物）iscalleda:B■.Phagosome吞噬體■.cytosome胞質(zhì)體■.lysosome溶酶體■.porosome25.Sarcodina（肉足綱）areprotozoathatarepropelled（推進(jìn)）by:B■.flagella■.cilia■.pseudopodia■.theyaretechnicallynonmotile26.Trypanosomes（椎體蟲(chóng)）belongtowhichgroupofprotozoa:A■.flagellates■.pseudopodiaformers■.ciliates■.sporeformers27.Plasmodium瘧原蟲(chóng)isgroupedasa:D■.flagellates■.pseudopodiaformers■.ciliates■.sporeformers28.Thematureformofspore（孢子）formingprotozoa（原生動(dòng)物）arecalled:C■.protozoites■.sporozoites■.trophozoites■.cytozoite29.Paramecium（草履蟲(chóng)）areclassifiedas:C■.Flagellates鞭毛蟲(chóng)類(lèi)■.pseudopodia（偽足）formers■.ciliates纖毛蟲(chóng)類(lèi)■.sporeformers芽孢菌30.Therestingstageofaprotozoa（原生動(dòng)物）arecalled:D■.Trophozoites營(yíng)養(yǎng)體■.sporozoites孢子體■.saprozoites腐生動(dòng)物■.cysts囊腫■FillintheBlank1.Unicellularfungiarecalled__yeasts____.2.Filamentousfungiformbranchingstructurescalled_hyphae_____.3.Themostcommonformofreproductioninyeastsoccursby__budding____.4.Silicaisfoundinthecellwallof__diatoms____.5.Theexternalstructuresofmushroomsarereferredtoas___fruiting_bodies_.6.Thegrowthoffungicanbeexpressedby(_measuringtheincreaseinthemassofthefungus____).7.Redtideiscausedbyatoxinreleasedbytheorganism,Gonyaulax,whichbelongstothe__firealgae____groupoffungi.8.Agarismadefromthisgroupofalgae:__brownalgae____.9.Trypanosomagambiensecausesthedisease__Africansleepingsickness____.10.Aflagellateprotozoathatcanbefoundinmountainstreamsandcausesdiarrheais__Giardia____.Test6:BacterialGrowthandReproduction■MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)1.Inbacterialcultures,growthcanbedemonstratedbyanincreasein:C■.mass■.cellsize■.cellnumber■.celllength2.DNAreplicationinbacteriaiscontrolledby:B■.cellsize■.celldivision細(xì)胞分裂■.cellseparation■.cellinitiation3.Duringwhichphaseofbacterialgrowthisthereanincreaseincellsizebutnotincellnumber

A■.lag滯后■.log對(duì)數(shù)■.stationary穩(wěn)定期■.exponential指數(shù)期4.Thegenerationtime（壽命）forbacteriaisdeterminedby:D■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromthetimetheculture（培養(yǎng)）wasinitiateduntilthebeginningofstationaryphase穩(wěn)定期■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlagphase（遲滯期）todeathphase衰亡期■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetotheendofstationaryphase■.measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetothebeginningofstationaryphase5.Mostpathogenicbacteria（致病菌）areconsidered:B■.p