蘇州大學(xué)《免疫學(xué)》H卷Multiplechoicequestions(2’×25)1.WhichcytokinecanpromoteTcellproliferationanddifferentiationA.IL-1B.IL-2C.IL-3D.G-CSFE.TGF-β2.WhichoneofthefollowingcandirectlyandspecificallykilltargetcellsA.THcellsB.TccellsC.NKcellsD.MacrophagesE.neutrophils3.Bloodtransfusionreactionscausedbymis-mathchedbloodtransfusionbelongstoA.typeIhypersensitivereactionB.typeIIhypersensitivereactionC.typeIIIhypersensitivereactionD.typeIVhypersensitivereaction4.WhichkindofcytokinecontributestoBcellantibodyclassswitchingtoIgEA.IL-1B.IL-2C.TGF-βD.IL-4E.IL-55.Auto-reactivelymphocyteclonesaremainlydeletedinA.ThymusB.BoneMarrowC.SpleenD.BonemarrowandThymus6.PhagocytosisA.iscarriedbycellsoftheadaptiveimmunesystemB.isrestrictedtomacrophagesC.isimportantinbacterialinfectionsD.isaprocessthatdoesnotinvolveenergyE.resultsindivisionofthecellDendriticcellsarecharacterizedbyA.thepresenceofmajorbasicproteinsB.expressionofCD3C.expressionofIgMmoleculesD.theirabilitytoreleasehistamineE.theirinterfacebetweentheinnateandadaptiveimmunesystems8ActivationofthealternativepathwayinvolvesA.C1B.C2C.C3D.C49.BcellsaredistinguishedfromTcellsbythepresenceofA.CD3B.CD4C.CD8D.surfaceIgE.classIMHCantigen10.AllotypesareA.antigenicdeterminantswhichsegregatewithinaspeciesB.criticaltothefunctionoftheantibodycombiningsiteC.involvedinspecificityD.involvedinmemory11.TheFabportionofIgA.bindstoaFcreceptorB.containstheJchainC.containstheidiotypeoftheIgD.mediatesbiologicaleffectorfunctionsofAbmolecules(plementactivation)12.Antibodydependentcellmediatedcytotoxicity(ADCC)A.iscarriedoutbyBcellsB.isthemainmechanismforkillingintracellularmicrobesC.involvesFcreceptorsontheeffectorcellsD.isprimarilymediatedbyIgEantibody13.ViralreplicationwithincellsisinhibitedbyA.IL-13B.IL-1C.IFN-D.TNF-E.IL-414.CytotoxicTcellsgenerallyrecognizeantigeninassociationwithA.ClassIMHCdeterminantsB.ClassIIMHCdeterminantsC.ClassIIIMHCdeterminantsD.HLA-DRdeterminants15.Allofthefollowingaretrueaboutreceptorsoftheinnateimmunesystem,EXCEPTthattheyA.includethoseoftheTollfamilyB.recognizemolecularpatternsassociatedwithgroupsofmicrobesC.includeCD14andscavengerreceptorsD.includeMHCmoleculesE.donotincludeIgandIg16.AllofthefollowingaretrueaboutclassswitchingofantibodiesEXCEPTthatA.particularThsubsetsarerequiredB.itoccursingerminalcentersolymphnodesC.cytokinesarerequiredD.itoccursinpatientswithDiGeorgesyndromeE.itdoesnotoccurinpatientswithageneticdefectinCD40L17.CTLA.donotmediatecytotoxicityofotherTcellsinfectedwithvirusB.mediatekillingbyinsertionofperforinintothemembraneofthetargetcellC.donotneedtorecognizedMHCantigensonthetargetcelltokillD.recognizeantigenswithMHCIImoleculesE.normallyhelpBcellstomakeantibodies18.Super-antigensA.activatelargenumbersofTcellsbydirectlybindingtotheTCRchainandclassIIMHCB.arehighmolecularweightantigensthatcantriggerTcellproliferationintheabsenceofantigen-presentingcellsC.canactivateallBcellsbybindingtoIgMD.canonlytriggerCD8+Tcells19.ThestageinB-celldevelopmentatwhichtolerancecanbemosteasilyinducedisA.memoryBB.pre-BC.immatureBD.plasmacellE.matureB20.TheprocessinvolvedinallowingTcellstosurviveinthethymusisA.positiveselectionB.negativeselectionC.apoptosisD.necrosisE.complementinactivation21.TumorimmunesurveillancemaybemediatedbyA.mastcellsB.neutrophilsC.LangerhanscellsD.NKcells22.ImmediatehypersensitivityusuallyinvolvesA.mastcellsB.antibodiestomastcellsC.plateletsD.IgG23.Thepredominantantigenpresentingcellincontacthypersensitivity(e.g.poisonivy)istheA.TlymphocyteB.BlymphocyteC.basophilD.LangerhanscellE.NKcell24.DelayedhypersensitivityastypifiedbytheMantouxreactiontotuberculinismediatedbyA.lymphocytesB.polymorphonuclearcellsC.anaphylacticantibodiesD.complementbindingantibodiesE.antigen-antibodycomplexes25.ELISAassayA.resultsincelllysisB.usesaradiolabeledsecondantibodyC.involvesadditionofsubstratewhichisconvertedtoacoloredend-productD.requiressensitizedredbloodcellsExplainterms(6’×5)1.Adaptiveimmunity2.Complement:3.TCR4.MHC5.oncofetalantigensBigquestions(10’×2)1.Pleasedescribethestructureandfunctionsofantibody.2.2-signaltheoryforTcellactivation.Immunology(H)multiplechoicequestions(2’×25)BBBDDCECDACCCADDBACADADACB.explainterms(6’×5)1.“Adaptiveimmunity”isprovidedbyT&Blymphocytes（1’）.Itisthe2ndlineofdefense.(1’)Ithastwoimportantcharacteristics:Immuneresponseishighlyspecificfortheantigenthattriggereditandhasmemorytotheantigen.Exposuretoantigencreatesanimmunologic“memory.”(3’)2.Complement:Thecomplementsystemisanimportantcomponentofinnateimmunity(2’).Complementwas1stdescribedin1890sasaheat-labilecomponentofnormalplasma,thataugmentsopsonizationofbacteriabyantibodiesandallowssomeantibodiestokillbacteria(1’).Complementisagroupofproteinsthatformtheprincipaleffectorarmofthehumoralimmunesystem(1’).Itcanbeactivatedbytheclassicalandalternativepathways,bothpathwayswilleventuallyleadtothelyticpathwaywhichfeaturedbytheformationofMAC(2’).3.TCRTcellreceptor(1’).TcellreceptorissimilarinstructuretoImmunoglobulins(similartoasingleFabfragment(2’).Composedoftwoglycoproteinchains(/or/)(1’).MostmatureTcellshaveTCRscomposedofanchainandachain(theyarecalled/Tcells).ThefunctionistorecognizeMHC/peptideandthenactivateTcells.Itisimportantforprovidingthe1stsignalforTcellactivation.(2’)4.MHCmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(2’)Itwasidentifiedthatthehistocompatibility(theabilitytoacceptgraftsfromanotherindividual)dependedonthedonorandrecipientsharingthesameMHCgenetype(2’).Itwasprovedthenthatthegeneisaverylarge,containingmorethan100separategeneloci,butthemoleculeswhichdeterminegraftrejectionarealimitedgrouptermedclassIandclassIIMHCgenesthatmapneartoeachotheronasinglechromosome.(2’)That'swheretheterm,majorhistocompatibilitycomplexcomesfrom.5,OncofetalantigensarethusnotTSAnoristheirpresent,(1’)evenathighconcentration,intheserumdiagnosticofcancer,becausehighlevelscanresultfromnon-neoplasticdiseasesincludingchronicinflammationofthebowelorcirrhosisoftheliver.(2’)However,thequantitationofthesemoleculesintheserumcanbeusedtoevaluatethetumorburdenandeffectivenessofdrugtreatment.(2’)C.bigquestions(10’×2)1.structureandfunctionsofantibody.Structure:(indication---H,Lchains,V,Cregions,CDRs,FRs)TheN-terminalendofIgischaracterizedbysequencevariability(V)inboththeheavyandlightchains,referredtoastheVHandVLregionsrespectively.Therestofthemoleculehasarelativelyconstant(C)structure.(1’)TheconstantportionofthelightchainistermedtheCLregion.Theconstantportionoftheheavychainisfurtherdividedintothreestructurallydiscreteregions:CH1,CH2andCH3.Theseglobularregions,whicharestabilizedbyintrachaindisulphidebonds,arereferredtoas‘domains’.Thesitesatwhichtheantibodybindsantigenarelocatedinthevariabledomains.ThehingeregionisasegmentofheavychainbetweentheCH1andCH2domains.Flexibilityinthisareapermitsthetwoantigen-bindingsitestooperateindependently(2’).Attheaminoacidlevel,thevariableregioniscomprisedofthreeregionsofextremevariability(hyervaribleregion).Theyarecalledcomplementarity-determiningregions,orCDRs.(1’)InterspersedamongtheCDRsareframeworkregions(FRs)whicharelessvariableandmoreevolutionarilyconserved.Atthethree-dimensionallevel,thethreeCDRsofeachchainconvergetoformacombiningsitewhichrecognizetheantigenicdeterminant(epitope)(1’).Functions:Theroleofantibodyalone------neutralization(1’)NEUTRALIZATIONOFTOXINSANDVENOMS,OFVIRUSESANDBACTERIAPREVENTATTACHMENTTOCELLRECEPTORSRoleofantibodyincomplementactivation(1’)ACTIVATIONOFCOMPLEMENT–IgM(mosteffective)andmostsubclassesofIgGcanactivatecomplement.Roleofantibodywitheffectorcells-----phagocytes,NKcells(1’)OPSONIZATION–thepromotionofphagocytosisofantigensbymacrophagesandneutrophils.ProteinmoleculescalledFcreceptors(FcR),whichbindtheconstantregionofmostclassesofantibodyarepresentonthesurfacesofphagocytes.ANTIBODY-DEPENDENTCELL-MEDIATEDCYTOTOXICI