選修8UNIT3詞匯講解選修8UNIT3詞匯講解選修8UNIT3詞匯講解選修8UNIT3詞匯講解編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit3InventorsandinventionsKEYWORDSANDPHRASES1．callup給……打電話；使想起；回憶WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.(教材P20)當(dāng)我打電話給鄉(xiāng)下的母親時(shí)，她顯得焦躁不安。callback召喚某人回來(lái)；再訪；回電話callfor需要；要求；接(人或物)callin邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)來(lái)callon拜訪(人)；號(hào)召callinon簡(jiǎn)短拜訪callat拜訪(某地)calloff取消Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthtodonatetheirbloodvoluntarily.政府號(hào)召青年義務(wù)獻(xiàn)血。Heisill；youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了，你應(yīng)該立即請(qǐng)大夫來(lái)。2．nowandthen偶爾；有時(shí)(＝sometimes，butnotoften)Snakescomenearthehousenowandthen，andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere，notfarfromthewalnuttree.(教材P20)蛇時(shí)不時(shí)地爬到屋邊來(lái)，可見(jiàn)這幾條蛇似乎是在胡桃樹(shù)附近安家了。Wehaven'tseeneachotherforyears，butwechatonlinenowandthen.我們已有多年未見(jiàn)過(guò)面了；但是我們有時(shí)會(huì)上網(wǎng)聊一聊。表示“有時(shí)、偶爾”的詞語(yǔ)有：(every)nowandagainfromtimetotimeattimesonceinawhileoccasionallyalittlenowandalittlethen【提示】fromtimetotime強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性；nowandthen等強(qiáng)調(diào)間歇性。3．Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.(教材P20)這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓住又不會(huì)傷害到它們。(1)distinguishvt.&vi.顯出……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencoloursaresaidtobecolour-blind.不能辨別顏色的人稱為色盲①distinguishoneself(as)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出；使自己與眾不同；使自己成名distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish...from...使……有別于……；使……具有區(qū)別于……的特征distinguish...by...以……為特征②distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的③distinguishableadj.可區(qū)別的④distinctionn．區(qū)別(2)mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的Theyaskedhimtobemercifultotheprisoners.他們要求他對(duì)犯人要以慈悲為懷。①mercyn．仁慈，寬容show/havemercytosb.對(duì)某人仁慈shownomercytosb.對(duì)某人無(wú)情atthemercyof任由……擺布，在……掌握中It'samercy...[口語(yǔ)]……真是幸運(yùn)?、趍ercifully幸運(yùn)地；寬大地Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.他們?cè)诤Ｉ厦允?，任由大風(fēng)和天氣擺布。It'samercythattheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.幸虧事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院很近的地方。4．ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，but_there_only_seemed_to_bepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.(教材P20)我所做的第一件事就是看有沒(méi)有什么產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，似乎只有用來(lái)毒死蛇的藥粉能用。(1)thereseemedtobe是therebe句型的變體，表示“似乎有……”。therebe句型中的be有時(shí)還可以換成其他表示“有，存在”的詞，如：live，stand，lie，remain，appear，seemtobe，come等。therebe結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)看似簡(jiǎn)單但命題空間很大的知識(shí)點(diǎn)?！咎崾尽吭凇皌herebe...”句型中，be動(dòng)詞前可以加can，may，must，oughtto，usedto，happento，seemto，appearto等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Therehappenedtobenooneintheroom.碰巧房間里沒(méi)有人。5．setabout開(kāi)始；著手(about是介詞，其后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.(教材P20)我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡(jiǎn)易的方法。Shesetaboutthebusinessofcleaningthehouse.她動(dòng)手打掃起房子來(lái)。Aftertheearthquake，thepeoplesetaboutrebuildingtheirhomes.地震過(guò)后，人們開(kāi)始重建家園。setout出發(fā)，啟程；開(kāi)始setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身besetin以……為背景setback阻礙某事物發(fā)展；把(鐘表指針)往回?fù)躶etaside留出；對(duì)……不予考慮setdown記下；寫(xiě)下setup樹(shù)立(榜樣)；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立setfree釋放；使……獲得自由【對(duì)接高考】(2012·浙江)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered，youcan________preparingyourbusinessplan.A．setoutB．setaboutC．setoffD．setup6．Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.(教材P20)它們一下子就消失在墻壁附近的洞里了。(1)abruptlyadv.突然地，意外地；唐突地Thetrainstoppedabruptly，nearlytippingmeoutofmybunk.火車突然停住，我差點(diǎn)兒從床位上摔下來(lái)。abruptadj.突然的，意外的；粗魯?shù)?，唐突的，生硬的anabruptturn急轉(zhuǎn)彎inanabruptmanner無(wú)禮的態(tài)度anabruptchange突然改變(2)convenientadj.方便的；適宜的；合適的；在近處的；近便的Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow你明天開(kāi)始工作方便嗎Ourhouseisconvenientfortheshops.我們家到商店很方便。①Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.(某人)干某事是方便的convenient(forsb.)某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))是方便的if/whenitisconvenienttosb.如果某人方便的話②conveniencen．方便，便利atone'sconvenience在某人方便時(shí)Itisveryconvenienttopaybycreditcard.用信用卡付款非常方便。Canyoutelephonemeatyourconveniencetoarrangeameeting你能不能在你方便時(shí)給我來(lái)個(gè)電話，安排見(jiàn)一次面【提示】convenient主語(yǔ)不能是人。例如：“如果你方便的話”英語(yǔ)應(yīng)表達(dá)為：ifitisconvenientto/foryou，而不應(yīng)表達(dá)為：ifyouareconvenient?！緦?duì)接高考】(2012·天津高考)Thesecretaryarrangeda(n)________timeandplacefortheapplicantstohaveaninterview.A．importantB．SpareC．publicD．convenient7．cautionn．小心；謹(jǐn)慎；警告ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.(教材P20)這一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去檢查的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇都是睡意濃濃的。Dadalwaysdriveswithcaution.爸爸開(kāi)車一直十分小心。①withcaution小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地②cautiousadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的becautiousof/about...對(duì)……很小心/謹(jǐn)慎8．expectationn．預(yù)料；期待；期望Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.(教材P21)這是因?yàn)槲翌A(yù)料蛇還會(huì)再咬人。It'sourexpectationthatyouwilldoitwell.我們期待你干得出色。Shelookedatmewithexpectation.她滿懷期待地看著我。①comeuptoone'sexpectations達(dá)到某人的期望liveuptoone'sexpectations不辜負(fù)某人的期望inexpectationof/that...預(yù)料beyondexpectations出乎意料againstexpectations與預(yù)期相反②expectvt.預(yù)料；預(yù)計(jì)；期待；期望expectthat...預(yù)料……expect(sb.)todosth.期望(某人)做某事；預(yù)料(某人)做某事【提示】expectation意思為“期望的事物，前景”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)。9．seizevt.抓?。蛔阶?；奪Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations，Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.(P21)由于親戚和朋友的敦促，我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)把我的發(fā)明送到專利局去，請(qǐng)他們對(duì)我這次成功的思路給予認(rèn)可。Heseizedherbythearm/wrist.他抓住她的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)/時(shí)機(jī)seizethearm抓住某人的手臂seizeon/upon突然大為關(guān)注，抓住(可利用的事物)seizeup停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)生故障；(身體)發(fā)僵【提示】表示“抓住/打在某人的某個(gè)部位”時(shí)常用：seize/hitin/bythe＋身體部位10．Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition_can_you_saythatyouaretrulyaninventor.(教材P21)只有你已經(jīng)獲得了那種認(rèn)證，你才能說(shuō)自己是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明者。only＋狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)位于句首時(shí)，句子需部分倒裝。OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.直到那時(shí)我才知道了學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有用這種辦法我們才能解決問(wèn)題。Onlywhenhefinishestheworkcanhegohome.只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家?！咎崾尽竣佼?dāng)有從句時(shí)，倒裝的是主句，從句不倒裝。②當(dāng)only修飾其狀語(yǔ)不位于句首，或位于句首的only用來(lái)修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)，而是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，均不用倒裝。Onlymyparentsknowthesecret.Hefoundhiswatchmissingonlyyesterday.【對(duì)接高考】(2012·天津高考)OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtime________thespellingmistake.A．didshenoticeB．shenoticedC．doesshenoticeD．shehasnoticed11．Nor_will_you_receiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.(教材P21)你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查，證明它確實(shí)是與眾不同的，你才能獲得專利。本句是部分倒裝句，nor位于句首時(shí)要用部分倒裝。①以否定副詞not，never，seldom，hardly，little，nowhere，scarcely，rarely，neither，nor開(kāi)頭的句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。②由notonly...butalso...連接的并列句，若將notonly置于句首時(shí)，該分句應(yīng)部分倒裝，butalso連接的分句不倒裝。而由neither...nor...連接的并列句，兩個(gè)分句都倒裝。③由連接詞nosooner...than，scarcely...when，hardly...when連接的主從復(fù)合句，主句應(yīng)倒裝，從句不倒裝。Notonlydidhegivemesomeadvice，butalsohelentmesomemoney.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.表示否定意義的短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。這類短語(yǔ)有：undernocircumstances，onnoaccount，innoway，atnopoint，atnotime，innosense，bynomeans等，都表示“決不”?！緦?duì)接高考】(2012·重慶高考)Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse，nor________itathought.doesheevengiveB．heevengivesC．willheevengiveD．hewillevengive1．freezing(教材P23)adj.冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的n．冰點(diǎn)freezingcold相當(dāng)冷above/belowfreezing在冰點(diǎn)以上/以下freezetodeath冷得要死；凍死freezingpoint冰點(diǎn)freezev．(使)結(jié)冰；(使)凝固frozenadj.凍結(jié)的；冷凍2．innocentadj.無(wú)辜的；清白的；無(wú)罪的；天真的Inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttorecognizewhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty.(教材P23)有時(shí)在法庭上很難分辯誰(shuí)無(wú)罪誰(shuí)有罪。Heisaninnocentvictim.他是個(gè)無(wú)辜的受害者。beinnocentof沒(méi)有……innocencen．無(wú)罪；純真；單純beguiltyof有……罪3．bearvt.忍受，忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)，承受；生育n．熊Icannotbearthesmellofsausageburntonthebarbecue.(教材P24)我無(wú)法忍受香腸在烤架上被燒焦的味道。beardoing/n./todo忍受……bearsb./sb.'sdoing忍受某人做……bearsb./證實(shí)；為……作證bearwithsb./sth.耐心對(duì)待……；容忍……bearmind牢記……bearresponsibility/theblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備【提示】①bear意為“忍耐，忍受”時(shí)，通常與can，could連用，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，常見(jiàn)近義詞還有stand等。②borne和born是bear的兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，表示“出生，出自”時(shí)用born，并且僅用于被動(dòng)式。表示“生育”時(shí)用borne。bear/stand/tolerate/putupwithbear是表示“忍受”的最普通用詞。stand表示“忍受”時(shí)用于口語(yǔ)。與bear相同，多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。tolerate常指以自我克制的態(tài)度對(duì)付令人生厭的人或事物。這種容忍往往不會(huì)給忍受者帶來(lái)太大的痛苦。putupwith口頭用語(yǔ)。一般指容忍較小的事情，具有寬容、默認(rèn)、將就某人某事的意思。Weshouldlearntotolerateoneanother.我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)互相容忍。Iwon'tputupwithhim.我不會(huì)容忍他的。KEYPHRASES1．diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.(教材P25)偶爾離開(kāi)平路去尋求困境。godiving去潛水makeadiveforsth.沖過(guò)去拿(某物)takeadiveinto(thesubject)埋頭(該問(wèn)題)中【提示】diveinto作“潛心于……”講時(shí)和devoteoneselftosth.的意思一樣，但devoteoneselftosth.還有“投身于……，把自己奉獻(xiàn)給……”的意思。2．setout(todo)開(kāi)始(做)Bellneversetouttoinventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph.(P25)貝爾并非一開(kāi)始就想要發(fā)明電話的，他本來(lái)想設(shè)計(jì)的東西是多路電報(bào)。Ontheirarrival，theysetouttoreadtheEnglishbookstheybroughtwiththemselves.他們一到達(dá)那里，就開(kāi)始讀他們隨身攜帶的英語(yǔ)書(shū)。setoff/setout/setabout/setoutforsetoff“出發(fā)”，側(cè)重于去某個(gè)地方。setout“出發(fā)，開(kāi)始”，側(cè)重于開(kāi)始做某事，還有“規(guī)劃，展現(xiàn)”的意思，后加不定式。setabout“開(kāi)始，著手”，與setout意思相近，后加v.ing形式。setoutfor出發(fā)到某地去。(＝setofffor；leavefor)Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain，we'dbettersetoff/outforthestationimmediately.如果你想趕上那班火車，我們最好現(xiàn)在馬上出發(fā)去火車站。4．a(chǎn)ssociatevi.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系A(chǔ)lthoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.(教材P26)雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。Don'tassociatewithdishonestboys.不要和不誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子結(jié)交。①associatesb./sb./sth.把……和……聯(lián)系在一起；由……聯(lián)想到……beassociatedwith...和……有關(guān)associatewithsb.與某人交往或常打交道associateoneselfwithsth.聲稱或表示自己贊同某事物②associationn．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；團(tuán)體inassociationwith...與……合伙/合作Haveyoujoinedtheteacher'sassociation你加入教師協(xié)會(huì)了嗎Theyaregoingtoconstructtheairportinassociationwithanotherfirm.他們打算與另一家公司聯(lián)合修建機(jī)場(chǎng)。5．hangon不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握??；堅(jiān)持Hangon，please.請(qǐng)稍等。(P26)HangonaminutewhileIgetapencilandapieceofpaper.電話別掛斷，等我拿紙筆來(lái)。Iknowyou'retired，buttrytohangonabitlonger.我知道你累了，但再堅(jiān)持一會(huì)吧。Holdtheline，please./Justaminute，please./Holdon.不掛電話。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hangup掛斷電話,hanguponsb.突然掛斷某人的電話,hangabout逗留，閑蕩，慢悠悠,hangaround等待；逗留，閑蕩,hangtogether相符；一致；連貫,))6．outoforder發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒；有毛??；狀況不佳I'msorry，butthisphoneisoutoforder.(教材P26)ingoodorder秩序井然put/keep...inorder使……井然有序7．getthrough設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過(guò)Ican'tgetthrough.(教材P26)我打不通電話。getacross被理解；使人了解getdownto認(rèn)真地靜下心(工作)(to為介詞)getover克服geton/along(with)進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步；與……相處getin收獲getaround/round到處走動(dòng)；傳播出去8．ringback回電話CanIringbacklater(教材P26)我能一會(huì)兒再回電話嗎ringoff掛斷ringout發(fā)出響亮而清晰的聲音ring給某人打電話ringround給各處打電話=1\*ROMANI.單項(xiàng)選擇題1.If________formostofus,themeetingwillbearrangednextMondayevening.A.reasonable B.comfortableC.convenient D.available2.Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.A.spotB.dismissC.shelterD.distinguish3.Ifwewanttoarriveatthevillageontime,we’dbetter_______A.sweepup B.speedup C.callup D.turnup4.Shehastriedherbest,sopleasedon’tbetoo____aboutherjob.A. practicalB.specialC.responsibleD.particular5.Let’s_____ourpersonalfeelingsfornow,andgettoourbusiness.A.setup B.setoff C.setabout D.setaside6.Jesswassadandherfriendhelpedher________thefirstawfulweeksafterherhusbandBilldied.A.breakthroughB.breakdownC.getthroughD.getridof7.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather________thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.A.addedtoB.resultedfromC.turnedoutD.madeup8.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_______inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered9.Themanager,______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmadeB．havingmadeC．madeD．making10.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse______afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell______careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking11.Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistimeA.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowashcan’t_________tobelaughedatthoughsheiseasy-going.A.understandB.bearC.enjoyD.betraymilitarygovernmenthopestocontrolthe_______ofpublicopinionbycontrollingbroadcasting.A.currentB.fashionC.measureD.flowweplanourvacation,Motheroftenoffers_________suggestion.A.carefulB.practicalC.effectiveD.acceptable15.Hisaunt’sletters________thosebeautifuldayswhentheyusedtolivetogetherinhishometown.A.callhimonB.callhimforC.callhimupD.callhimin=3\*ROMANII.閱讀理解Someyearsago,writinginmydiaryusedtobeausualactivity.Iwouldreturnfromschoolandspendtheexpectedhalfhourrecordingtheday’sevents,feelings,andimpressionsinmylittlebluediary.Ididnotreallyneedtoexpressmyemotionsbywayofwords,butIgainedacertainsatisfactionfromseeingmyexperiencesforeverrecordedonpaper.Afterall,isn’taccumulatingmemoriesawayofpreservingthepastWhenIwasthirteenyearsold,Iwentonalongjourneyonfootinagreatvalley,well-equippedwithpens,adiary,andacamera.Duringthetrip,Iwasbusyrecordingeveryincident,nameandplaceIcameacross.Ifeltproudtobespendingmytimeproductively,dutifullypreservingforfuturegenerationsadetaileddescriptionofmytravels.Onmylastnightthere,Iwanderedoutofmytent,diaryinhand.Theskywasclearandlitbytheglareofthemoon,andthewallsofthevalleylookedthreateningbehindtheirscreenofshadows.Iautomaticallytookoutmypen…Atthatpoint,IunderstoodthatnothingIwrotecouldevermatchorreplacethefewsecondsIallowedmyselftoexperiencethedramaticbeautyofthevalley.AllIrememberedofthepreviousfewdayswerethedullcharacterizationsIhadsetdowninmydiary.Now,IonlywriteinmydiarywhenIneedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling.Istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks,orobservationsthatareparticularlyme