新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第53課新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第53課新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第53課xxx公司新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第53課文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Lesson53Hotsnake觸電的蛇【Text】Whatcausedthefire?AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.【課文翻譯】

消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場(chǎng)森林大火。從那時(shí)起，他們一直試圖找出起火的原因。森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起。昨天，消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面，但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃。他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的。然而今天上午，一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因。他發(fā)現(xiàn)了纏繞在16,000伏高壓線上的一條死蛇。就這樣，他解開(kāi)了起火之謎。解釋很簡(jiǎn)單，卻異乎尋常。一只鳥把蛇從地上抓起來(lái)，然后把它扔到了電線上。于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線。當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí)，把火花送到了地面，這些火花立刻引起了一場(chǎng)大火?！綨ewwordsandexpressions】（13）hotadj.帶電的，充電的firemann.消防隊(duì)員causev.引起；n.原因examinev.檢查accidentallyadv.意外地，偶然地remainsn.尸體，殘骸wiren.電線voltn.伏特（電壓?jiǎn)挝唬﹑owerline電力線solvev.解決mysteryn.謎（無(wú)法接受地,解釋不了的）snatchv.抓住sparkn.電火花一．單詞講解：★hot adj.帶電的，充電的同義詞fiery,flushed,burning,steaming反義詞cold,cool,frigid,icy變化形形變hotter

hottest

hot－h(huán)otted－

hotted

－h(huán)otting

（1）熱的、炎熱的（反義詞cold）hotwater；hotweather；ahotdayeg：Strikewhiletheironishot.趁熱打鐵.(諺)勿錯(cuò)失良機(jī)。hot炎熱的→warm溫暖的→cool涼爽的→chilly寒冷的→cold寒冷的、嚴(yán)寒的（2）（調(diào)味品等）辣的eg：Pepperandmustardarehot.胡椒和芥末都是辣的.（3）強(qiáng)烈的、激烈的、熱烈的haveahottemper怒;ahotdebate激烈的討論gethotonrockmusic熱衷搖滾樂(lè)（4）（新聞等）最新的，剛發(fā)生的、剛到達(dá)的hotnewsontheelectionresults選舉的結(jié)果的最新消息amagazinehotfromthepress剛出版的雜志ayoungmanhotfromschool剛從學(xué)校踏出社會(huì)的年輕人behotonsb迷戀某人、愛(ài)慕某人beinhotwater惹上麻煩、陷入困境(受辱)get/runintotrouble遇到麻煩ahotpotato棘手的問(wèn)題、燙手山芋gethotunderthecollar怒氣沖沖的；局促不安★fireman n.消防隊(duì)員同義詞firefighter,fireextinguisher,firetender變化形名復(fù)firemen

fireplace

[fai?pleis]n.壁爐firework

[fai?w?:k]n.爆竹,(常pl.)煙火fire-water消防用水；fire-fighter救火員firehouse消防隊(duì)＝firestation消防站fireproof

['fai?pru:f]

adj.耐火的,防火的vt.使耐火,使防火fire-raisingn.放火、縱火★cause v.引起；n.原因;起因[C][U][(+of)]同義詞motive,reason,occasion,basis反義詞result,consequence,effect,outcome變化形名復(fù)causes

變化形動(dòng)變caused

caused

causing

（1）v.引起、導(dǎo)致eg：Acigarettecausedtheforestfire.香煙引起的森林大火。eg：Whatcausedhissickness是什么使他生病anaccidentcausedbycarelessness由于粗心大意而導(dǎo)致事故。BresultfromAB是由A導(dǎo)致的AcauseB＝AleadtoB＝AcontributetoB＝AresultinB＝AstartB＝AbringaboutBA導(dǎo)致B；A是原因B是結(jié)果（2）n.理由eg：Youhavenocauseforcomplaint.你沒(méi)有理由發(fā)牢騷。eg：Don’tbelatewithoutcause.不要無(wú)故遲到。＝Don’tbelatewithoutgoodcause.（3）n.原因、起因eg：Whatwasthecauseofhissickness是什么導(dǎo)致他的病findoutthecause查出原因★examinev.檢查、細(xì)查;診察同義詞inspect,observe,study,consider變化形動(dòng)變examined

examined

examining

（1）仔細(xì)觀察、檢查、調(diào)查lookatcarefullyinordertolearnaboutorfrom,inspectclosely仔細(xì)觀察、檢查、調(diào)查之意eg：Thefirefightersexaminedeveryinchoftheforest.消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)檢查森林。examinefacts檢查事實(shí)；examineatheory剖析(理論、事件等)examineanevidence調(diào)查證物（2）v.診察inspectcloselytocheckfordiseaseeg：Thedoctorexaminedhispatientcarefully.醫(yī)生耐心仔細(xì)檢查他的病。（3）v.考試、測(cè)試examinestudentsinEnglish考學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)examiner主考人←→examinee應(yīng)考者examn.考試；examinationn.考試examinev.考試、檢查examplen.例子；forexample比如說(shuō)★accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地accidentaladj.意外的、偶然的happeningunexpectedlyorbychance意外或偶然發(fā)生反義詞intentional

a.故意的，有意(識(shí))的anaccidentalmeetingwithafriend偶然遇到一位朋友.anaccidentaldeath意外死亡accident（1）n.（u）事故、意外acar/road/trafficaccident汽車/道路/交通意外（2）機(jī)遇、命運(yùn)、造化（chance、fortune）bychance偶然，碰巧＝byaccident＝accidentallyeg：Ifoundagoldminebyaccident/accidentally/bychance.我意外/意外/偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)金礦。★remainsn.尸體，殘骸Remain（1）v.留下、剩下、遺留（不再用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）eg：Afterthefire,nothingremainedinmyhouse.火災(zāi)發(fā)生后，我的房子什么都沒(méi)有留下。eg：Ifyoutake3from8,5remains.8減去3剩5。eg：Muchremainstobedone.要做的事還很多。eg：What’sdoneisdone＝Letbygonesbebygones.木已成舟;既往不咎（2）v.仍是、保持不變eg：Heremainedsilent.他仍是保持沉默eg：Afterthequarrel,theyremainedthebestoffriends.爭(zhēng)吵之后，他們?nèi)匀皇亲詈玫呐笥?。remains（1）n.剩余物、殘余物theremainsofameal殘羹剩飯（2）（古建筑物）遺址、廢墟theremainsofYuanmingyuan圓明園遺址（3）n.遺體、遺骸eg：TheremainsofChairmanMaowerekeptwellinacrystalcoffin.毛主席的遺體被良好保存在水晶棺?！飛iren.電線、金屬線,金屬絲[C][U]同義詞telegraph,cable,fasten,tie變化形名復(fù)wires

變化形動(dòng)變wired

wired

wiring

（1）n.電線、金屬線,eg：Hetiedabaskettothebicyclewithapieceofwire.他用一條鐵絲綁一個(gè)籃子在自行車上。telephonewires電話線；barbedwire有刺的鐵絲（2）（美口）電報(bào)sendawire發(fā)電報(bào)←→receiveawire接電報(bào)beonwires＝beallonwires興奮、坐立不安underthewire勉強(qiáng)來(lái)得及wirelessadj.無(wú)線的；wirelesstelegraphy無(wú)線電報(bào)★volt n.伏特（電壓?jiǎn)挝唬?；變化形名?fù)volts

voltage[?v?ultid?]n.電壓、伏特?cái)?shù)★powerline 電力線power（1）電力、動(dòng)力electricpower電力；atomicpower原子動(dòng)力；waterpower水力（2）力、能力brainpower智力；thepowerofhearing聽(tīng)力（3）權(quán)力、支配力、勢(shì)力politicalpower政治權(quán)力eg：Thedictatorheldabsolutepoweroverhispeople.這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者對(duì)他的百姓有絕對(duì)的權(quán)力。notwithinone’spower＝beyondone’spower超出某人的能力、能力不足eg：Itisbeyondmypowertounderstandhowthecomputerworks.想要了解計(jì)算器如何工作，這是超出我的能力所能及的。cometopower＝comeintopower得勢(shì)、掌權(quán)★solvev.解決workout同義詞answer,explain,unriddle,decipher變化形動(dòng)變solved

solved

solving

solveaquestion/problem/puzzle/crime/mystery解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題/難題/益智/破案/揭開(kāi)一個(gè)迷題eg：Wemustsolvetheeconomiccrisis.我們必須解決經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。solution

[s??lu:??n]n.解決；解答，解決辦法；溶液asolutionfor/toatrouble紛爭(zhēng)的解決eg：Ittookalongtimetofindthesolution.花了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)尋找解決辦法?！飉ysteryn.謎（無(wú)法接受地,解釋不了的）同義詞problem,puzzle,riddle,secret變化形名復(fù)mysteries

themysteryoflife生命的奧秘eg：Hisdisappearanceisamystery.他的失蹤是個(gè)謎。anairofmystery神秘氣氛eg：Themurderiswrappedinmystery.謀殺籠罩于神秘之中可做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞：amysteryguest/visitor神秘的來(lái)客；amysterytour神秘之旅mystery

[?mist?ri]n.神秘(性)，神秘的人(或事物)riddle[?ridl]n.謎(語(yǔ))；難題vt.篩；把…弄得處處穿孔puzzle

[?p?zl]v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.謎；難題★snatch v.抓住同義詞seize,grasp,grab,clutch變化形動(dòng)變snatched

snatched

snatching

變化形名復(fù)snatches（1）v.搶、奪、攫取snatchup抓起、奪取eg：Thethiefsnatchedherbagandranaway.小偷搶走她的提包逃跑了。eg：Hesnatchedatthepaperashismotherwasabouttoseeit.母親正要看報(bào)紙，他搶了過(guò)來(lái)。（2）v.（趁機(jī)）迅速取得，急急忙忙吃完飯snatchasleeponabusyday在忙碌的日子偷閑小睡snatchakiss出其不意地吻※snatch

[sn?t?]迅速而有力（粗魯?shù)兀┳プ?、搶snatchachance抓住機(jī)會(huì)※grab[gr?b]vt.抓??；抓住n./vi.(at)抓(住)，奪(得)（熱切而拼命地抓?。ゞrabsthfromsb※grasp（1）抓住或咬住、抓緊graspachance抓住機(jī)會(huì)（2）掌握graspalanguage掌握一門語(yǔ)言※hold抓住、握住、托住take/catch/getholdof抓住，捉住★spark n.電火花（切斷電流而產(chǎn)生）同義詞flash,gleam,glimmer變化形名復(fù)sparks

變化形動(dòng)變sparked

sparked

sparking

strikeasparkfromaflint用燧石打出火花ashowerofsparks如陣雨般（大量的）火星、火花abrightspark活潑而聰明的年人abrightapple＝awiseapple驕傲的年輕人二．Keystructures：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生完的動(dòng)作或者處于的狀態(tài)，搭配一個(gè)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：have/has+v.-ed強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在的影響或者是這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能再延續(xù)下去。3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)一直在進(jìn)行著，一直發(fā)生著構(gòu)成：have/hasbeen+doingeg：Istayedatthishotelfiveyearsago.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）eg：Haveyoueverstayedatthishotel（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）eg：Ihavebeenstayingatthishotelfor3weeks.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：live,learn,lie,stay,sit,wait,stand,wrest[rest]v.&n.擰；敲詐；強(qiáng)取,study等；并且長(zhǎng)和一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：allthistime,thisweek,thismoth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或從句連用。eg：Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime.你一直在做什么eg：Heisill.He’sbeenlyinginthebedfor3weeks.他病了,已經(jīng)臥床3個(gè)星期了。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和一切進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一樣也可以代有感情色彩。eg：Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天發(fā)生太多事了eg：Fiddlesticks！whohasbeentellingyousuchstuff.胡說(shuō)！誰(shuí)已經(jīng)告訴你這樣的東西。fiddlesticks

['fidlstiks]int.胡說(shuō)suchstuff這樣的東西Exercise：用正確實(shí)態(tài)填空：Atlastfiremenhaveput（put）outabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentrying（try）tofindouthowthefirebegan（begin）.Yesterdaythefiremenexamined（examine）thegroundcarefully,butwerenot（notbe）abletofindanybrokenglass.Theywere（be）alsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstart（notstart）thefire.三．課文講解：★AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場(chǎng)森林大火.※California又名GoldenState★Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.從那時(shí)起,他們一直試圖找出起火的原因.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起.brokenglass破碎的玻璃abrokenheart一顆破碎的心；abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯abrokenpromise違約，食言；abrokenmarriage破裂的婚姻abrokenhome破裂的家庭※cigaretteends煙頭cometoanend結(jié)束eg：Themeetingcametoanendatmidnight.會(huì)議開(kāi)到半夜才結(jié)束makebothendsmeet勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì),使收支相抵※throwaway扔掉，拋棄；錯(cuò)過(guò)(機(jī)會(huì))，浪費(fèi)(金錢等)throwtovt.向...投eg：HethrowtheballtomeandIcaughtit.他把球給我，我接住了。throwat向...扔去eg：Theboythrowastoneatthewindowandbrokeit.這個(gè)男孩扔一塊石頭向窗戶，窗戶破了★Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.昨天,消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面,但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃.※werenotableto＝couldnot未能Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的.besurethat＝bequitesurethatquite

[kwait]ad.相當(dāng)eg：Areyouquitecertainaboutthat這事你能肯定嗎quiet[?kwai?t]a.輕聲的；安靜的n.安靜v.(使)安靜eg：Theclasskeptveryquietduringthelesson.quite[kwait]ad.實(shí)際上，確實(shí)；完全，十分eg：Shewasquitealone.她的確獨(dú)自一人bargain

[?bɑ:gin]n.特價(jià)商品；協(xié)議，交易vi.討價(jià)還價(jià)quite相當(dāng),頗eg：She’saquitegoodactress.她是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的演員eg：Thejacketisquitegood.這件夾克是相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)startthefire引起火災(zāi)eg：Westartedonourjourney.我們開(kāi)始我們的旅程。eg：Ourschoolstartedat8：50.我們學(xué)校8:50開(kāi)始上課Eg：Hehasn’tstartedin/onwritinghisnextplayyet.starttodosth開(kāi)始做某事⑴主語(yǔ)為物⑵start為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)⑶后面的動(dòng)詞do表示內(nèi)心活動(dòng)eg：Astrongwindstartedtoblow.一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹起eg：Sheisstartingtopreparelunch.startdoingsth開(kāi)始(某工作);著手做某事eg：Heusuallystartsstudyingat8athome.在家里他通常在8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始時(shí)讀書eg：Hestartedtounderstand.他開(kāi)始明白Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.然而今天上午,一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因.cause區(qū)別cause與reason：causen.直接導(dǎo)致行為或事件發(fā)生的原因，即”起因”reasonn.解釋某事為甚么發(fā)生的理由或借口causevt.使發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致，引起reasonvt./vi.評(píng)理、勸說(shuō)（常與with,into,outof連用）eg：Doyouknowthecauseofthefire你知道火災(zāi)的原因嗎eg：Thisisthereasonwhyheleft.這是他離開(kāi)的原因eg：Whatcausedthefire是什么導(dǎo)致了火災(zāi)eg：Ireasonedwithhimforhours,butIcouldn’tpersuadehimtochangehismind.我勸他幾個(gè)小時(shí)，但我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他改變了主意reasonedwithhim勸說(shuō)他reasonsbintodoingsth＝talksbintodoingsth勸某人做某事←→reasonsboutof（doing）sth勸某人別做某事＝talksboutof（doing）sthHenoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.他發(fā)現(xiàn)了纏繞在16,000伏高壓線上的一條死蛇.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.就這樣,他解開(kāi)了起火之謎.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.解釋很簡(jiǎn)單,卻異乎尋常.Abirdhadsnatchedup