01項(xiàng)目管理知識(shí)領(lǐng)域ProjectManagementKnowledgeAreas01項(xiàng)目管理ProjectManagementKnowlTenprojectmanagementknowledgeareasProjectintegrationmanagement

項(xiàng)目綜合（集成）管理Projectscopemanagement

項(xiàng)目范圍管理Projectschedulemanagement

項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理Projectcostmanagement

項(xiàng)目成本管理Projectresourcemanagement

項(xiàng)目資源管理Projectcommunicationsmanagement

項(xiàng)目溝通管理Projectriskmanagement項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理Projectprocurementmanagement

項(xiàng)目采購(gòu)管理Projectqualitymanagement

項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量管理Projectstakeholdermanagement

項(xiàng)目利益相關(guān)方管理Tenprojectmanagementknowled2WordsandPhrasesunify[?ju?n?fa?]vt.使聯(lián)合;使一致;統(tǒng)一coordinate[k?u???d?ne?t]vi.協(xié)調(diào)consolidation[k?n?s?l??de??n]n.鞏固;聯(lián)合;合并interrelationship[??nt?r??le??n??p]n.相互關(guān)聯(lián)planning[?pl?n??]n.規(guī)劃過程;計(jì)劃制訂timelycompletion按時(shí)完成estimating[?est?me?t??]vt.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)估;估算(estimate的動(dòng)名詞)budgeting[?b?d??t??]vt.編制預(yù)算(budget的動(dòng)名詞)financing[fa??n?ns??]vt.融資;籌措資金(finance的動(dòng)名詞)WordsandPhrasesunify[?ju?n?WordsandPhrasesfunding[?f?nd??]vt.籌資;提供資金(fund的動(dòng)名詞)managing[?m?n?d???]vt.管理(manage的動(dòng)名詞)controlling[k?n?tr??l??]vt.控制;管理(control的動(dòng)名詞)theapprovedbudget批準(zhǔn)的預(yù)算stakeholders'expectations利益相關(guān)方的期望retrieval[r??tri?vl]n.檢索;恢復(fù);取回ultimatedisposition最終處置conducting[k?n?d?kt??]vt.實(shí)施;指揮(conduct的動(dòng)名詞)WordsandPhrasesfunding[?f?n上面的句型均可以表達(dá)某主語包括什么過程和活動(dòng),在英文書寫中為了避免重復(fù),可以采用上述不同的表達(dá)方式。但是要區(qū)分介詞to、in、for、of后面動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式。在上述語法環(huán)境下,to后面需要加動(dòng)詞原形,in、for、of后面則加動(dòng)名詞。PMBOK將項(xiàng)目管理知識(shí)分為十個(gè)領(lǐng)域,是一種認(rèn)為項(xiàng)目工作是由(多個(gè))過程完成的方法。SentencesIllustrationThePMBOKdividestheknowledgeintotenprojectmanagementknowledgeareas,anapproachthatconsidersworkasifitwerebeingaccomplishedbyprocesses.Projectintegrationmanagementincludestheprocessesandactivitiesto...Projectscopemanagementincludestheprocessesrequiredto...Projectcostmanagementincludestheprocessesinvolvedin...Projectqualitymanagementincludestheprocessesfor...Projectriskmanagementincludestheprocessesof...上面的句型均可以表達(dá)某主語包括什么過程和活動(dòng),在英文書寫中為5ReviewQuestionsandProblemsReadthroughthePMBOKGuide(sixthedition)tounderstandthemanagementprocessesforthetenprojectmanagementknowledgeareasmentionedabove.ReviewQuestionsandProblemsR602項(xiàng)目參與者ConstructionParticipants02項(xiàng)目參與者ConstructionParticipan項(xiàng)目參與者Owners業(yè)主GeneralContractors總承包商Designers—ArchitectsandEngineers建筑設(shè)計(jì)師和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)師InsuranceCompaniesandBanks保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行SubcontractorsorSpecialtyContractors分包商或者專業(yè)承包商ConstructionManagers施工經(jīng)理Suppliers供應(yīng)商項(xiàng)目參與者Owners業(yè)主GeneralContract8WordsandPhrasesaccomplished[??k?mpl??t]vt.完成(accomplish的過去分詞)theprimaryresponsibility主要責(zé)任onallmatters在所有方面steelerection鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝drywall[?dra?w??l]n.清水墻painting[?pe?nt??]n.刷油漆;粉刷,涂裝“canned”designs總包設(shè)計(jì)approveprogresspayments批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)度付款issue[???u?]vt.發(fā)出;簽署themagnitudeof……的意義;……的重要性preferto傾向于;更喜歡priorto在……之前l(fā)iability[?la???b?l?ti]n.債務(wù);責(zé)任individualcontractors單個(gè)承包商WordsandPhrasesaccomplishedSentencesIllustrationTheprimaryjoboftheGCistomanagethejob,keepitonschedule,controlcosts,andensuretheworkiswellcoordinatedandperformedinasafemanner,andtocoordinatewiththeowneronallmatterssincetheGCistheonlyoneoftheprojectcontractorsholdingacontractwiththeowner.總承包商的主要任務(wù)是管理建設(shè)工作,使其按時(shí)完成,并控制成本,保證整個(gè)工程能夠安全地組織和實(shí)施,并在所有事務(wù)上與業(yè)主保持協(xié)調(diào),因?yàn)榭偝邪淌俏ㄒ慌c業(yè)主簽訂合同的項(xiàng)目承包人。

SentencesIllustrationThepri10ReviewQuestionsandProblemsrethereanyotherconstructionparticipantsinvolvedintheprojectbesidestheparticipantsmentionedinthetext?AReviewQuestionsandProblemsr03項(xiàng)目建設(shè)生命周期TheConstructionProjectLifeCycle03項(xiàng)目建設(shè)TheConstructionProjectTheConstructionProjectLifeCycle

2.PlanningandDesignPhase規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)階段1.Pre-projectPhase建設(shè)前階段3.ContractorSelectionPhase承包商選擇階段4.ProjectMobilizationPhase項(xiàng)目動(dòng)員階段5.Pre-projectPhase項(xiàng)目建設(shè)實(shí)施階段6.ProjectCloseoutandTerminationPhase項(xiàng)目竣工和終止階段TheConstructionProjectLife13WordsandPhrasesassociatedwith與……相關(guān)sequentialadj.按次序的;順序的iterativeadj.重復(fù)的;迭代的overlappingadj.重疊的beresponsiblefor為……負(fù)責(zé)regardlessof不管;不論pre-agreed-upon預(yù)先約定的reimbursedvt.償還;補(bǔ)償(reimburse的過去分詞)ascertainvt.弄清;確定setforth闡述;詳盡地解釋schematicdiagrams示意圖;原理圖pre-agreed-upon預(yù)先約定的reimbursedvt.償還;補(bǔ)償(reimburse的過去分詞)ascertainvt.弄清;確定setforth闡述;詳盡地解釋schematicdiagrams示意圖;原理圖WordsandPhrasesassociatedwiSentencesIllustration后面的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)學(xué)生所熟悉的經(jīng)典的核心設(shè)計(jì)工作,在這一工作中,要運(yùn)用各種設(shè)計(jì)原理來估算荷載和其他設(shè)計(jì)要求,選擇材料,確定構(gòu)件尺寸和內(nèi)部配置,確保每個(gè)構(gòu)件之間合理連接。上述設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)工作的成果將用于最后一個(gè)階段,在這一階段中要準(zhǔn)備各種合同文件,用于后期承包商的選擇和施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安裝工作。Thislatteractivityistheclassicalhardcoreengineeringfamiliartostudentsinthedesignprofessions,inwhichvariousengineeringprinciplesareusedtoestimateloadsandotherrequirements,selectmaterials,determinecomponentsizesandconfigurations,andassurethateachelementisproperinrelationtootherelements.Theoutputfromthisdesigndevelopmenteffortisusedinthefinalstage,whereincontractdocumentsarepreparedforuseincontractorselectionandinstallationworkattheconstructionsite.SentencesIllustration后面的任務(wù)是設(shè)ReviewQuestions

andProblemsPleasemakeastatementofthesixphasesintheconstructionprojectlifecycleandtheircorrespondingcharacteristics.ReviewQuestionsandProblemsP1604施工采購(gòu)方法ConstructionProcurementMethods04施工采購(gòu)方法ConstructionProcuremeConstructionProcurementMethodsTraditionalMethod傳統(tǒng)方法PrivateFinancingInitiative(PFI)Design&BuildMethodJointVenture/PartneringManagementContracting設(shè)計(jì)建造模式管理承包模式聯(lián)合經(jīng)營(yíng)/合作模式私人主動(dòng)融資ConstructionProcurementMetho18WordsandPhrasesrenovation[?ren??ve??n]n.翻新;革新;修理essential[??sen?l]adj.必要的;基本的obligations[?bl??ɡe??nz]n.承付款項(xiàng)(obligation的復(fù)數(shù))義務(wù);債務(wù)complexandcomparativelyhugeprojects復(fù)雜和相對(duì)巨大的項(xiàng)目actsas作為;充當(dāng)(act的第三人稱單數(shù))specializedfield專業(yè)領(lǐng)域inpackages打包mutualobjectives共同的目標(biāo)memorandumofunderstanding諒解備忘錄;理解備忘錄solely[?s??lli]adv.單獨(dú)地;唯一地betransferredto被轉(zhuǎn)移至;被移交到WordsandPhrasesrenovation[?Commonlyspeaking,fiveprocurementsystemsarebeingexercisedintheconstructionindustry.Thebelowchartcomparesandcontraststhefivemainprocurementmethods.通常來說,建筑行業(yè)中采用五種采購(gòu)模式。下表比較分析了這五種主要的采購(gòu)方法。SentencesIllustrationCommonlyspeaking,fiveprocur20ReviewQuestionsandProblems

Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheaboveconstructionprocurementmethodsandconstructiondeliverymethods?ConstructionProcurementMethodsReviewQuestionsandProblems05閱讀材料Readingmaterial

05閱讀材料ReadingmaterialReadingmaterialTheterm“Public-PrivatePartnership(PPP)”①describesarangeofpossiblerelationshipsamongpublicandprivateentitiesinthecontextofinfrastructureandotherservices.Othertermsusedforthistypeofactivityincludeprivatesectorparticipation(PSP)andprivatization.Whilethethreetermshaveoftenbeenusedinterchangeably,therearedifferences:PPPspresentaframeworkthat—whileengagingtheprivatesector—acknowledgeandstructuretheroleforthegovernmentinensuringthatsocialobligationsaremetandsuccessfulsectorreformsandpublicinvestmentsachieved.AstrongPPPallocatesthetasks,obligations,andrisksamongthepublicandprivatepartnersinanoptimalway.ThepublicpartnersinaPPParegovernmententities,includingministries,departments,municipalities,orstate-ownedenterprises.TheprivatepartnerscanbelocalorinternationalandmayincludebusinessesorinvestorswithtechnicalorWhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?1ReadingmaterialTheterm“PublReadingmaterialfinancialexpertiserelevanttotheproject.Increasingly,PPPsmayalsoincludenon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)and/orcommunity-basedorganizations(CBOs)whorepresentstakeholdersdirectlyaffectedbytheproject.

EffectivePPPsrecognizethatthepublicandtheprivatesectorseachhavecertainadvantages,relativetotheother,inperformingspecifictasks.Thegovernment’scontributiontoaPPPmaytaketheformofcapitalforinvestment(availablethroughtaxrevenue),atransferofassets,orothercommitmentsorin-kindcontributionsthatsupportthepartnership.Thegovernmentalsoprovidessocialresponsibility,environmentalawareness,localknowledge,andanabilitytomobilizepoliticalsupport.Theprivatesector’sroleinthepartnershipistomakeuseofitsexpertiseincommerce,management,operations,andinnovationtorunthebusinessefficiently.Theprivatepartnermayalsocontributeinvestmentcapitaldependingontheformofcontract.WhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?2ReadingmaterialfinancialexpeReadingmaterialThestructureofthepartnershipshouldbedesignedtoallocateriskstothepartnerswhoarebestabletomanagethoserisksandthusminimizecostswhileimprovingperformance.PSPisatermoftenusedinterchangeablywithPPPs.However,PSPcontractstransferobligationstotheprivatesectorratherthanemphasizingtheopportunityforpartnership.Inthemidtothelate1990s,therewasaslowdowninpublic-privatecontractingininfrastructuresectors,whichwaslargelyprecipitatedbyasocialbacklashagainsttheperceivedpreferencefortheprivatesectoroverthepublicsectorindeliveringinfrastructureservicesindevelopingcountries.Tosomedegree,thesocialbacklashwasrootedinconfusionbetweenPSPandprivatization.SomePSPschemeswereoverlyambitiousandthesocialagendawasoverlooked,leadingtolegitimatepublicconcerns.

WhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?3ReadingmaterialThestructureReadingmaterialThecriticalanalysisofPSPexperiencehasledtothedesignofanewgenerationoftransactions,whicharenowmorecommonlyknownasPPPs.Privatizationinvolvesthesaleofsharesorownershipinacompanyorthesaleofoperatingassetsorservicesownedbythepublicsector.Privatizationismostcommonandmorewidelyacceptedinsectorsthatarenottraditionallyconsideredpublicservices,suchasmanufacturing,construction,etc.Whenprivatizationoccursintheinfrastructureorutilitiessectors,itisusuallyaccompaniedbysector-specificregulatoryarrangementstotakeaccountofsocialandpolicyconcernsrelatedtothesale,andcontinuingoperationofassetsusedforpublicservices.SectorsinwhichPPPshavebeencompletedworldwideincludepowergenerationanddistribution,waterandsanitation,refusedisposal,pipelines,hospitals,schoolbuildingsandteachingfacilities,stadiums,airtrafficcontrol,prisons,railways,roads,billingandotherinformationtechnologysystems,andhousing.

WhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?4ReadingmaterialThecriticalaReviewQuestionsandProblems

AmongthefiveconstructionprocurementmethodsmentionedinthepreviousSection1.4,theformerthreemethodscanbeclassifiedintotraditionalorclassicalprocurementmethods.Thelattertwomethodscanbeclassifiedintoinnovativeprocurementmethods.HowtoclassifyPublic-PrivatePartnerships?Pleasemakeafurtherdiscussion.ReviewQuestionsandProblems

2701項(xiàng)目管理知識(shí)領(lǐng)域ProjectManagementKnowledgeAreas01項(xiàng)目管理ProjectManagementKnowlTenprojectmanagementknowledgeareasProjectintegrationmanagement

項(xiàng)目綜合（集成）管理Projectscopemanagement

項(xiàng)目范圍管理Projectschedulemanagement

項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度管理Projectcostmanagement

項(xiàng)目成本管理Projectresourcemanagement

項(xiàng)目資源管理Projectcommunicationsmanagement

項(xiàng)目溝通管理Projectriskmanagement項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理Projectprocurementmanagement

項(xiàng)目采購(gòu)管理Projectqualitymanagement

項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量管理Projectstakeholdermanagement

項(xiàng)目利益相關(guān)方管理Tenprojectmanagementknowled29WordsandPhrasesunify[?ju?n?fa?]vt.使聯(lián)合;使一致;統(tǒng)一coordinate[k?u???d?ne?t]vi.協(xié)調(diào)consolidation[k?n?s?l??de??n]n.鞏固;聯(lián)合;合并interrelationship[??nt?r??le??n??p]n.相互關(guān)聯(lián)planning[?pl?n??]n.規(guī)劃過程;計(jì)劃制訂timelycompletion按時(shí)完成estimating[?est?me?t??]vt.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)估;估算(estimate的動(dòng)名詞)budgeting[?b?d??t??]vt.編制預(yù)算(budget的動(dòng)名詞)financing[fa??n?ns??]vt.融資;籌措資金(finance的動(dòng)名詞)WordsandPhrasesunify[?ju?n?WordsandPhrasesfunding[?f?nd??]vt.籌資;提供資金(fund的動(dòng)名詞)managing[?m?n?d???]vt.管理(manage的動(dòng)名詞)controlling[k?n?tr??l??]vt.控制;管理(control的動(dòng)名詞)theapprovedbudget批準(zhǔn)的預(yù)算stakeholders'expectations利益相關(guān)方的期望retrieval[r??tri?vl]n.檢索;恢復(fù);取回ultimatedisposition最終處置conducting[k?n?d?kt??]vt.實(shí)施;指揮(conduct的動(dòng)名詞)WordsandPhrasesfunding[?f?n上面的句型均可以表達(dá)某主語包括什么過程和活動(dòng),在英文書寫中為了避免重復(fù),可以采用上述不同的表達(dá)方式。但是要區(qū)分介詞to、in、for、of后面動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式。在上述語法環(huán)境下,to后面需要加動(dòng)詞原形,in、for、of后面則加動(dòng)名詞。PMBOK將項(xiàng)目管理知識(shí)分為十個(gè)領(lǐng)域,是一種認(rèn)為項(xiàng)目工作是由(多個(gè))過程完成的方法。SentencesIllustrationThePMBOKdividestheknowledgeintotenprojectmanagementknowledgeareas,anapproachthatconsidersworkasifitwerebeingaccomplishedbyprocesses.Projectintegrationmanagementincludestheprocessesandactivitiesto...Projectscopemanagementincludestheprocessesrequiredto...Projectcostmanagementincludestheprocessesinvolvedin...Projectqualitymanagementincludestheprocessesfor...Projectriskmanagementincludestheprocessesof...上面的句型均可以表達(dá)某主語包括什么過程和活動(dòng),在英文書寫中為32ReviewQuestionsandProblemsReadthroughthePMBOKGuide(sixthedition)tounderstandthemanagementprocessesforthetenprojectmanagementknowledgeareasmentionedabove.ReviewQuestionsandProblemsR3302項(xiàng)目參與者ConstructionParticipants02項(xiàng)目參與者ConstructionParticipan項(xiàng)目參與者Owners業(yè)主GeneralContractors總承包商Designers—ArchitectsandEngineers建筑設(shè)計(jì)師和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)師InsuranceCompaniesandBanks保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行SubcontractorsorSpecialtyContractors分包商或者專業(yè)承包商ConstructionManagers施工經(jīng)理Suppliers供應(yīng)商項(xiàng)目參與者Owners業(yè)主GeneralContract35WordsandPhrasesaccomplished[??k?mpl??t]vt.完成(accomplish的過去分詞)theprimaryresponsibility主要責(zé)任onallmatters在所有方面steelerection鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝drywall[?dra?w??l]n.清水墻painting[?pe?nt??]n.刷油漆;粉刷,涂裝“canned”designs總包設(shè)計(jì)approveprogresspayments批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)度付款issue[???u?]vt.發(fā)出;簽署themagnitudeof……的意義;……的重要性preferto傾向于;更喜歡priorto在……之前l(fā)iability[?la???b?l?ti]n.債務(wù);責(zé)任individualcontractors單個(gè)承包商WordsandPhrasesaccomplishedSentencesIllustrationTheprimaryjoboftheGCistomanagethejob,keepitonschedule,controlcosts,andensuretheworkiswellcoordinatedandperformedinasafemanner,andtocoordinatewiththeowneronallmatterssincetheGCistheonlyoneoftheprojectcontractorsholdingacontractwiththeowner.總承包商的主要任務(wù)是管理建設(shè)工作,使其按時(shí)完成,并控制成本,保證整個(gè)工程能夠安全地組織和實(shí)施,并在所有事務(wù)上與業(yè)主保持協(xié)調(diào),因?yàn)榭偝邪淌俏ㄒ慌c業(yè)主簽訂合同的項(xiàng)目承包人。

SentencesIllustrationThepri37ReviewQuestionsandProblemsrethereanyotherconstructionparticipantsinvolvedintheprojectbesidestheparticipantsmentionedinthetext?AReviewQuestionsandProblemsr03項(xiàng)目建設(shè)生命周期TheConstructionProjectLifeCycle03項(xiàng)目建設(shè)TheConstructionProjectTheConstructionProjectLifeCycle

2.PlanningandDesignPhase規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)階段1.Pre-projectPhase建設(shè)前階段3.ContractorSelectionPhase承包商選擇階段4.ProjectMobilizationPhase項(xiàng)目動(dòng)員階段5.Pre-projectPhase項(xiàng)目建設(shè)實(shí)施階段6.ProjectCloseoutandTerminationPhase項(xiàng)目竣工和終止階段TheConstructionProjectLife40WordsandPhrasesassociatedwith與……相關(guān)sequentialadj.按次序的;順序的iterativeadj.重復(fù)的;迭代的overlappingadj.重疊的beresponsiblefor為……負(fù)責(zé)regardlessof不管;不論pre-agreed-upon預(yù)先約定的reimbursedvt.償還;補(bǔ)償(reimburse的過去分詞)ascertainvt.弄清;確定setforth闡述;詳盡地解釋schematicdiagrams示意圖;原理圖pre-agreed-upon預(yù)先約定的reimbursedvt.償還;補(bǔ)償(reimburse的過去分詞)ascertainvt.弄清;確定setforth闡述;詳盡地解釋schematicdiagrams示意圖;原理圖WordsandPhrasesassociatedwiSentencesIllustration后面的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)學(xué)生所熟悉的經(jīng)典的核心設(shè)計(jì)工作,在這一工作中,要運(yùn)用各種設(shè)計(jì)原理來估算荷載和其他設(shè)計(jì)要求,選擇材料,確定構(gòu)件尺寸和內(nèi)部配置,確保每個(gè)構(gòu)件之間合理連接。上述設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)工作的成果將用于最后一個(gè)階段,在這一階段中要準(zhǔn)備各種合同文件,用于后期承包商的選擇和施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安裝工作。Thislatteractivityistheclassicalhardcoreengineeringfamiliartostudentsinthedesignprofessions,inwhichvariousengineeringprinciplesareusedtoestimateloadsandotherrequirements,selectmaterials,determinecomponentsizesandconfigurations,andassurethateachelementisproperinrelationtootherelements.Theoutputfromthisdesigndevelopmenteffortisusedinthefinalstage,whereincontractdocumentsarepreparedforuseincontractorselectionandinstallationworkattheconstructionsite.SentencesIllustration后面的任務(wù)是設(shè)ReviewQuestions

andProblemsPleasemakeastatementofthesixphasesintheconstructionprojectlifecycleandtheircorrespondingcharacteristics.ReviewQuestionsandProblemsP4304施工采購(gòu)方法ConstructionProcurementMethods04施工采購(gòu)方法ConstructionProcuremeConstructionProcurementMethodsTraditionalMethod傳統(tǒng)方法PrivateFinancingInitiative(PFI)Design&BuildMethodJointVenture/PartneringManagementContracting設(shè)計(jì)建造模式管理承包模式聯(lián)合經(jīng)營(yíng)/合作模式私人主動(dòng)融資ConstructionProcurementMetho45WordsandPhrasesrenovation[?ren??ve??n]n.翻新;革新;修理essential[??sen?l]adj.必要的;基本的obligations[?bl??ɡe??nz]n.承付款項(xiàng)(obligation的復(fù)數(shù))義務(wù);債務(wù)complexandcomparativelyhugeprojects復(fù)雜和相對(duì)巨大的項(xiàng)目actsas作為;充當(dāng)(act的第三人稱單數(shù))specializedfield專業(yè)領(lǐng)域inpackages打包mutualobjectives共同的目標(biāo)memorandumofunderstanding諒解備忘錄;理解備忘錄solely[?s??lli]adv.單獨(dú)地;唯一地betransferredto被轉(zhuǎn)移至;被移交到WordsandPhrasesrenovation[?Commonlyspeaking,fiveprocurementsystemsarebeingexercisedintheconstructionindustry.Thebelowchartcomparesandcontraststhefivemainprocurementmethods.通常來說,建筑行業(yè)中采用五種采購(gòu)模式。下表比較分析了這五種主要的采購(gòu)方法。SentencesIllustrationCommonlyspeaking,fiveprocur47ReviewQuestionsandProblems

Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheaboveconstructionprocurementmethodsandconstructiondeliverymethods?ConstructionProcurementMethodsReviewQuestionsandProblems05閱讀材料Readingmaterial

05閱讀材料ReadingmaterialReadingmaterialTheterm“Public-PrivatePartnership(PPP)”①describesarangeofpossiblerelationshipsamongpublicandprivateentitiesinthecontextofinfrastructureandotherservices.Othertermsusedforthistypeofactivityincludeprivatesectorparticipation(PSP)andprivatization.Whilethethreetermshaveoftenbeenusedinterchangeably,therearedifferences:PPPspresentaframeworkthat—whileengagingtheprivatesector—acknowledgeandstructuretheroleforthegovernmentinensuringthatsocialobligationsaremetandsuccessfulsectorreformsandpublicinvestmentsachieved.AstrongPPPallocatesthetasks,obligations,andrisksamongthepublicandprivatepartnersinanoptimalway.ThepublicpartnersinaPPParegovernmententities,includingministries,departments,municipalities,orstate-ownedenterprises.TheprivatepartnerscanbelocalorinternationalandmayincludebusinessesorinvestorswithtechnicalorWhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?1ReadingmaterialTheterm“PublReadingmaterialfinancialexpertiserelevanttotheproject.Increasingly,PPPsmayalsoincludenon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)and/orcommunity-basedorganizations(CBOs)whorepresentstakeholdersdirectlyaffectedbytheproject.

EffectivePPPsrecognizethatthepublicandtheprivatesectorseachhavecertainadvantages,relativetotheother,inperformingspecifictasks.Thegovernment’scontributiontoaPPPmaytaketheformofcapitalforinvestment(availablethroughtaxrevenue),atransferofassets,orothercommitmentsorin-kindcontributionsthatsupportthepartnership.Thegovernmentalsoprovidessocialresponsibility,environmentalawareness,localknowledge,andanabilitytomobilizepoliticalsupport.Theprivatesector’sroleinthepartnershipistomakeuseofitsexpertiseincommerce,management,operations,andinnovationtorunthebusinessefficiently.Theprivatepartnermayalsocontributeinvestmentcapitaldependingontheformofcontract.WhatarePublic-PrivatePartnerships?2ReadingmaterialfinancialexpeReadingmaterialThestructureofthepartnershipshouldbedesignedtoallocateriskstothepartnerswhoarebestabletomanagethoserisksandthusminimizecostswhileimprovingperformance.PSPisatermoftenusedinterchangeablywithP