——現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Unit3DiscoveringUsefulStructuresThepresentperfect

passivevoice主語

+

have/has

+V-過去分詞(done)助動詞,無意義

一、現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)Winter

has

already

come

(came,come)，willitstillbefarinspring?構(gòu)成：陳述句:

主語

+has/have（not）+done...一般疑問句:

Has/Have+主語+done...?特殊疑問句:

特殊疑問詞

+have/has+done

+

...?HehasgonetoBeijing.(go-went-gone)have/has

+

not,可縮寫為haven’t/hasn’t肯定回答：Yes,主語＋have/has.否定回答：No,主語＋haven’t/hasn’t.Wherehashegone?現(xiàn)在完成時的的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式：主語+

have/has

+

V-過去分詞(done)否定式：主語+

have/has

+

not

+

V-過去分詞

一般疑問句：Have/Has

+主語+

V-過去分詞…？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+

have/has

+主語+V-過去分詞...？二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動作。Eg：①Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.②

Hehasjustcomeback.③

Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.

(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.

(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.

(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.

(手是干凈的)二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(2)表示過去發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。常與already,yet

(到現(xiàn)在還沒有),just

(剛剛),

ever等詞連用.already:常用于肯定句中

yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.她學(xué)英語有五年了。HehaslivedinBeijingsince

（自從）5yearsago.他五年前就住在北京了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(3)表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間的狀語連用。for＋時間段（一段時間）三、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+

V-過去分詞（done）2.被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):be

+V-過去分詞（done）3.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定式就是：主語

+

have/has

+

been

+

V-過去分詞been肯定式：主語+

have/has+

been

+

done(V-過去分詞)否定式：主語+

have/has+

not

+

been

+

done...

一般疑問句：Have/Has

+主語+

been

+

done...？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+

have/has

+主語+

been

+

done...？現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)Thechildrenhavealreadybeentold(tell)thegoodnews.Havethechildrenbeen

toldthegoodnewsyet?Whohasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?①否定句：Thechildrenhave

not/haven'tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.②一般疑問句：③特殊疑問句（對劃線部分提問）：常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：already

已經(jīng)

yet

已經(jīng)recently/lately

最近

sincethen

從那時起eversince

自那以來

ever

曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime

很長一段時間inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在過去的幾年里Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’ve

builtakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.EXAMPLEChangethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Has

theWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?Has

thebuttonbeenpressed

yettocopythefile?Has

a/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?1.Papermoney____________(use)foroverathousandyears.

2.—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.

Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.3.Greatchanges___________(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories____________(set)up.hasbeenusedHasbeengivenhavetakenhavebeensetCompletethesentences.Completethesentences.4.—Howlong_____________________(employ)atthisjob?—Since1999.5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday__________________(not,decide)yet.6.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey______________(teach)manytim