TEXTONEPier17indowntownManhattanisnotthemostlikelydestinationfortheatre-goers.ButhereontheEastRiver,amongthewailingseagulls,fryingfishandtourists,isanenchantingofferofentertainment.Spiegelworldisbackintownforitssecondsummer,withtwospicycabaretshowsofdance,music,acrobaticsandburlesque.Called“Absinthe”and“LaVie”,theshowsarestagedintheanachronisticopulenceofaspiegeltent(Flemishfor“tentofmirrors”).NobodyseemstoknowhowmanyoftheseEuropeanpavilionsareleftbutmostpeopleagreethattherearefewerthan20.Builtbyhandwithoutnails,spiegeltentsarebeautifulassembliesofteak,velvet,stainedglassandbevelledmirrors,createdoriginallyinBelgiumintheearly20thcenturyasmobiledancehalls.OnlytwofamiliesinBelgiumandtheNetherlandsstillknowhowtomakethem,producingoneeveryfiveortenyearsorso,saysVallejoGantner,oneoftheshow'sproducersandalong-timespiegeltentaficionado.“Butyouknowitwhenyouwalkintoanoldone.Theyhaveaspecialboutiquequality.”Thisone,whichdatesfromthe1920sandhasapaintedart-nouveaufa?ade,lendscontinentalglamourtothepier.Itholdsabout350peopleonwoodenchairsandbanquettesaroundamodest,circularstage.Anditisthisintimacy,thisproximitytotheperformers,thatgivestheseshowstheirspecialfeel.Eroticcontortionists,balletichand-balancersandbawdyjugglersemanateasweaty,tangiblehumanity.Manyofthem,MrGantnerexplains,haveleftlargercircustroupes,suchasCirqueduSoleil,inordertomakeeye-contactwiththeiraudience.Thesimplicityofthestaginggivestheirperformancesagrittyauthenticity.Onceinawhile,afamilyonachildren'soutingisfooledbySpiegelworld'sfestivered-and-bluetentspires.Makenomistake:theshowsareforadults.“LaVie”,createdbyLes7DoigtsdelaMain,aMontreal-basedtroupe,lacesanarrayofartfullysexycircusactswiththepremisethateveryoneisdeadandinpurgatory,travellingon“aflighttohellthatneverquitegetsthere”.Wearingwhatlookslikeastraitjacket,acontortionistmovesinahighlyunsettlingwaytoarecordingof“Crazy”,croonedbyPatsyCline.Theshowcloseswithasteamypasdedeuxbetweenthedevilishmasterofceremoniesandtheevening'slip-curlingseductress.“Absinthe”isamoreexplicitgrab-bagofstripping,cross-dressingandintrigue,withoutaunifyingtheme.Theshow'sstrongestmomentscomefromtheacrobats,allofwhomcarryapowerfulsexualcharge.Twowomenswaywithsuggestivegraceonthetrapeze.Anaerialistinblacktrousers,hissculptedchestglistening,pullsandtwistshimselfuptwohangingstrapstothelustymusicof“JealousGuy”,sungbyatransvestitediva.Sexybutnottawdry.Despitecolourfullanguageandabriefmomentofunnecessarymalenudityin“LaVie”,thesettingistooelegantandthetalenttooastonishingforthat.It'sabitofrisquéfunthathasbeenwarmlyreceivedbyNewYorkers,manyofwhomhavegrowntiredofthewholesome,tourist-friendlyfareofBroadway.Lastsummer“Absinthe”ranfortwomonthstosell-outcrowds;thisyear'stwo-showprogrammeisforthreemonthsuntiltheendofSeptember.1．Accordingtothepassage,Spiegelworldisprobably_____[A]aseriesshowsofdance,music,acrobaticsandburlesquewithboutiquequality[B]amobiledancehalloflonghistoryaswellasexquisitedecoration[C]atroupeperformingcertainprogrammesforthepublic.[D]atraditionalformofentertainmentderivedfromsomeancientEuropeancountries.2．Bymentioningthat“Pier17indowntownManhattanisnotthemostlikelydestinationfortheatre-goers”,theauthorwantsto_____[A]implythattheatre-goersarepayingmuchattentiontotheenvironmentofperformance.[B]showthatPier17isnotaplaceforaformalperformanceofthetheatre.[C]provethattheshowsinSpiegeltentareveryattractive[D]tellusthestatusoftheplacewheretheshowsof“Absinthe”and“LaVie”arepresented.3．Theperformancesstagedinthespiegeltentsaredifferentfromtheotheronesmainlyinthat_____[A]theyareonshowinthepierratherthaninthetheatre.[B]theseatsarearrangedaroundthestagesothattheaudiencecanwatchtheperformersclosely.[C]theyareofasweaty,tangiblehumanityandalikeofenticingsimplicity.[D]itismucheasierfortheirperformerstomakeeye-contactwiththeiraudience.4．Inthefourthparagraph,theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionof“LaVie”inorderto_____[A]implythatSpiegelworldischaracterizedbysuggestivesexyscenesandismainlyorientedtotheadults.[B]showcasethefactthattheperformanceissexuallyattractive,butfarfromtawdry.[C]demonstratetheprofoundmeaningconveyedbythesurfaceoftheperformance.[D]giveageneralimpressionofthespecificperformanceandillustratethatpeopleshouldnotbedeludedbytherepresentation.5．WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheperformancesstagedinspiegeltents?[A]OnlytwofamiliesinBelgiumandtheNetherlandsknowhowtogivesuchperformances.[B]Theperformancesarecharacteristicoferoticshows.[C]Theperformancesarealwaysgivenwithanexplicitmotif.[D]Theperformancesaremainlygiventothemassratherthantheelite.篇章剖析：這篇文章主要講述了一種傳統(tǒng)演出團(tuán)隊(duì)的表演。第一段講述Spiegelworld在曼哈頓區(qū)17碼頭表演；第二段講述了該演出場(chǎng)地“鏡子帳篷”；第三段講述這種表演的特色；第四、五段具體講述兩種表演的風(fēng)格；第六段講述這種演出廣受歡迎。詞匯注釋：wailv.哀號(hào) cabaretn.酒店的歌舞表演absinthen.苦艾酒 anachronisticadj.不合時(shí)代的teakn.柚木 bevelvi.成斜角aficionadon.狂熱愛好者contortionistn.柔術(shù)演員 grittyadj.堅(jiān)忍不拔的purgatoryn.煉獄 straitjacketn.緊身衣devilishadj.惡魔般的grab-bagn.混雜 trapezen.吊秋千aerialistn.高空雜技師transvestiten易裝癖者divan.女主角難句突破：OnlytwofamiliesinBelgiumandtheNetherlandsstillknowhowtomakethem,producingoneeveryfiveortenyearsorso,saysVallejoGantner,oneoftheshow'sproducersandalong-timespiegeltentaficionado.[主體句式]OnlytwofamiliesinBelgiumandtheNetherlandsstillknow…saysVallejoGantner.[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，前面整體的句子是做says的賓語(yǔ)從句；producing…現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[句子譯文]該演出的出品人之一的spiegeltent鐵桿迷VallejoGantner說(shuō)只有在比利時(shí)和荷蘭的兩個(gè)家族知道怎么來(lái)組裝這種帳篷，而且他們每隔五年或十年才生產(chǎn)一個(gè)。（2）“LaVie”,createdbyLes7DoigtsdelaMain,aMontreal-basedtroupe,lacesanarrayofartfullysexycircusactswiththepremisethateveryoneisdeadandinpurgatory,travellingon“aflighttohellthatneverquitegetsthere”.[主體句式]“LaVie”lacesanarrayof…withthepremisethat…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾前面的premise,而該從句中travlleingon…是做主與everyone的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[句子譯文]“生活”是由蒙特利爾的馬戲團(tuán)“7個(gè)手指”創(chuàng)造，有一系列性感的雜技演出，演出假定每個(gè)人都已死去，在“通往地獄的航行”中行進(jìn)，沒(méi)有終點(diǎn)。題目分析：1．Accordingtothepassage,Spiegelworldisprobably_____1．根據(jù)這篇文章，Spiegelworld可能是_____[A]aseriesshowsofdance,music,acrobaticsandburlesquewithboutiquequality.[A]舞蹈、音樂(lè)、雜技和滑稽劇的一系列質(zhì)量上乘的演出。[B]amobiledancehalloflonghistoryaswellasexquisitedecoration.[B]可以表演節(jié)目并有著精致裝飾的一個(gè)流動(dòng)舞廳。[C]atroupeperformingcertainprogrammesforthepublic.[C]為公眾演出一定節(jié)目的劇團(tuán)。[D]atraditionalformofentertainmentderivedfromsomeancientEuropeancountries.[D]一種來(lái)自一些歐洲古老國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)娛樂(lè)形式。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。本題需要結(jié)合全文來(lái)看，Spiegelworld是在spiegeltent表演節(jié)目的一個(gè)團(tuán)體。例如文章第一段就指出“Spiegelworldisbackintownforitssecondsummer,withtwospicycabaretshowsofdance,music,acrobaticsandburlesque.Called“Absinthe”and“LaVie”,theshowsarestagedintheanachronisticopulenceofaspiegeltent(Flemishfor“tentofmirrors”)”。因此，選項(xiàng)C最為符合題意。2．Bymentioningthat“Pier17indowntownManhattanisnotthemostlikelydestinationfortheatre-goers”,theauthorwantsto_____2．通過(guò)提及“曼哈頓區(qū)的17號(hào)碼頭不像是常去劇院的人最有可能取得目的地”，作者想要_____[A]implythattheatre-goersarepayingmuchattentiontotheenvironmentofperformance.[A]暗示經(jīng)常到劇院的人非?？粗乇硌莸沫h(huán)境。[B]showthatPier17isnotaplaceforaformalperformanceofthetheatre.[B]顯示17號(hào)碼頭不是劇院正式演出的一個(gè)地方。[C]provethattheshowsinSpiegeltentareveryattractive.[C]證實(shí)了Spiegeltent里的演出非常吸引人。[D]tellusthestatusoftheplacewheretheshowsof“Absinthe”and“LaVie”arepresented.[D]告訴我們“苦艾酒”和“生活”表演的地方的情況。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆☆[分析]推理題。根據(jù)第一段“Pier17indowntownManhattanisnotthemostlikelydestinationfortheatre-goers.ButhereontheEastRiver,amongthewailingseagulls,fryingfishandtourists,isanenchantingofferofentertainment”，可見雖然17號(hào)碼頭不是逛劇院的人常去之地，但是Spiegelworld卻受到了熱情的歡迎，因此其演出應(yīng)該是非常吸引人的。答案為C選項(xiàng)。3．Theperformancesstagedinthespiegeltentsaredifferentfromtheotheronesmainlyinthat_____3．在spiegeltents上演的演出和其他演出的不同之處在于_____[A]theyareonshowinthepierratherthaninthetheatre.[A]他們?cè)诖a頭而不是在劇院演出。[B]theseatsarearrangedaroundthestagesothattheaudiencecanwatchtheperformersclosely.[B]座位安排在舞臺(tái)周圍，觀眾可以近距離地看到表演者。[C]theyareofasweaty,tangiblehumanityandalikeofenticingsimplicity.[C]他們有一種可以看得到的人文主義和那種吸引人的簡(jiǎn)潔。[D]itismucheasierfortheirperformerstomakeeye-contactwiththeiraudience.[D]演出者能夠更加容易地與觀眾進(jìn)行眼神交流。[答案]B[難度系數(shù)]☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“Manyofthem,MrGantnerexplains,haveleftlargercircustroupes,suchasCirqueduSoleil,inordertomakeeye-contactwiththeiraudience.Thesimplicityofthestaginggivestheirperformancesagrittyauthenticity”，正是因?yàn)楹捅硌菡叩挠H密接觸使得這種演出有了特別的感覺(jué)，選項(xiàng)B最為符合題意。4．Inthefourthparagraph,theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionof“LaVie”inorderto_____4．根據(jù)第四段，作者詳細(xì)地描述了“生活”是為了_____[A]implythatSpiegelworldischaracterizedbysuggestivesexyscenesandismainlyorientedtotheadults.[A]說(shuō)明Spiegelworld以一些有性暗示的情景為特色，實(shí)際上是面向成年人的。[B]showcasethefactthattheperformanceissexuallyattractive,butfarfromtawdry.[B]說(shuō)明演出非常性感、吸引人，但是卻不俗艷。[C]demonstratetheprofoundmeaningconveyedbythesurfaceoftheperformance.[C]顯示這種演出表面下蘊(yùn)含著的深刻蘊(yùn)意。[D]giveageneralimpressionofthespecificperformanceandillustratethatpeopleshouldnotbedeludedbytherepresentation.[D]顯示了一些具體演出的情況，說(shuō)明人們不應(yīng)當(dāng)被表面所迷惑。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推理題。文章第四段詳細(xì)描述了“生活”演出，表現(xiàn)出其蘊(yùn)含的深層意思，就是煉獄的過(guò)程，而且在這段一開始就提出這些演出是為成人所準(zhǔn)備的。那可以推出還是有一定的深意的。因此，選項(xiàng)C最為符合題意。A、B和D選項(xiàng)都不是文章要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。5．WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheperformancesstagedinspiegeltents?5.關(guān)于spiegeltents中上演的演出，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？[A]OnlytwofamiliesinBelgiumandtheNetherlandsknowhowtogivesuchperformances.[A]只有比利時(shí)和荷蘭的兩個(gè)家庭知道怎樣表演這樣的節(jié)目。[B]Theperformancesarecharacteristicoferoticshows.[B]這些演出以色情演出為特色。[C]Theperformancesarealwaysgivenwithanexplicitmotif.[C]這些演出經(jīng)常有一個(gè)明確的主題。[D]Theperformancesaremainlygiventothemassratherthantheelite.[D]這些演出主要是給大眾而非精英看的。[答案]D[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)，第二段提到這兩個(gè)家庭知道怎樣做這種帳篷，該陳述錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)最后一段，這些表演雖然色情但不俗氣，因此不是以這個(gè)為特色的；C選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)第五段，“苦艾酒”沒(méi)有明確主題。D選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)最后一段，演出兩個(gè)月都是給大眾看的。因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。參考譯文：曼哈頓區(qū)17碼頭不是經(jīng)常上劇院的人最有可能造訪的地方。但是在東河那啼鳴的海鷗、炸魚和旅游者間，是一場(chǎng)迷人的娛樂(lè)盛戲。Spiegelworld今年夏天再度來(lái)到曼哈頓，將獻(xiàn)上兩臺(tái)火辣的歌舞、音樂(lè)、雜技和滑稽表演。這些演出被稱為“苦艾酒”和“生活”，在spiegeltent（佛蘭德語(yǔ)，意為“鏡子帳篷”）中的古老舞臺(tái)上演。好像沒(méi)有人知道歐洲的這種帳篷存留了下來(lái)，但是大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為這種帳篷現(xiàn)存不超過(guò)20個(gè)。Spiegeltent用釘子手工制成，是由柚木、天鵝絨、彩色玻璃和斜面鏡子組成的美麗合成品，在20世紀(jì)初剛出現(xiàn)時(shí)作為流動(dòng)的舞蹈廳。該演出的出品人之一的spiegeltent鐵桿迷VallejoGantner說(shuō)只有在比利時(shí)和荷蘭的兩個(gè)家族知道怎么來(lái)組裝這種帳篷，而且他們每隔五年或十年才生產(chǎn)一個(gè)?！澳阋蛔哌M(jìn)一個(gè)老帳篷就會(huì)明白，它有一種特別的品質(zhì)。”現(xiàn)在的這頂帳篷源于20世紀(jì)20年代，其外表描畫著藝術(shù)畫，為碼頭帶來(lái)了陸地的光輝。中等圓形場(chǎng)地中的木椅和軟長(zhǎng)椅上可以容納約350個(gè)人。正是因?yàn)榕c表演者的親密接觸使得這種演出有了特別的感覺(jué)。性感的柔術(shù)演員、芭蕾舞的手部平衡演員以及俗氣的變戲法演員都散發(fā)出一種真實(shí)的人性光芒。Gantner先生解釋說(shuō)，他們?cè)S多人已經(jīng)離開了大型馬戲團(tuán)，比如“太陽(yáng)圓環(huán)”，其目的就是為了能與觀眾進(jìn)行眼神交流。而舞臺(tái)設(shè)置的簡(jiǎn)潔使得演出多了一份真實(shí)的感覺(jué)。曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)家庭的孩子們?cè)谕獬雎眯袝r(shí)被Spiegelworld紅藍(lán)色的帳篷尖頂迷惑住了。不錯(cuò)，這些演出就是為成人而準(zhǔn)備的。“生活”是由蒙特利爾的馬戲團(tuán)“7個(gè)手指”創(chuàng)造，有一系列性感的雜技演出，演出假定每個(gè)人都已死去，在“通往地獄的航行”中行進(jìn)，沒(méi)有終點(diǎn)。PatsyCline低聲說(shuō)，柔術(shù)演員穿著緊身衣，在非常高的地方做出“瘋狂”的動(dòng)作。演出結(jié)尾是惡魔和晚會(huì)上彎嘴唇的迷人女子之間的雙人舞?！翱喟啤眲t是更加明顯的脫衣舞、交叉換衣和密謀的混雜表演，沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的主題。演出最精彩的時(shí)刻就是那些雜技演員的性感表演。兩個(gè)女人在吊秋千上搖擺。穿著黑褲子的高空雜技師那雕塑般的胸膛發(fā)著光，拉住兩根懸掛的帶子，伴隨著的是“妒忌的小伙子”這樣的音樂(lè)、由易裝癖女主角演唱。雖然性感但卻不俗氣。雖然“生活”有著繽紛的語(yǔ)言，也有短短的一段不必要的男性裸體演出，但是其舞臺(tái)布置是雅致的，演出者是富有天賦的。這種趣味已經(jīng)受到紐約人的熱情歡迎，許多人都厭倦了百老匯那些宏大、針對(duì)旅行者的演出。去年夏天，“苦艾酒”整整兩個(gè)月的票都一售而空，而今年的兩場(chǎng)演出更是長(zhǎng)達(dá)三個(gè)月，直到九月底結(jié)束。TEXTTWOSexisamystery—andnotjusttothosewhoindulgeinit.Bycombininghergeneswithamale's,afemalehalveshergeneticcontributiontoheroffspring,andsubsequentgenerationsseeithalvedagainandagain.Ontopofthat,theneedforeachindividualtohavetwoparentsmeansthepopulationcangrowonlyhalfasrapidlyasitotherwisemight.Why,therefore,botherwiththewholemessybusinessinthefirstplace?JuliaJonesoftheUniversityofWales,Bangor,andhercolleaguesmaysoonhavetheanswertothatquestion.Theyhavefoundaspeciesofcrayfishthatfollowsthelogicofasexualityanddoes,indeed,cloneitself.ThoughDrJonesdidnotactuallydiscoverthisspecies,shewasthepersonwhoidentifieditinthewild—inMadagascar.Herinterviewssuggestitwasimportedinabout2003,bypeopleworkingonaroadbypassingAntananarivo,thecountry'scapital.Asaresultofthisaccidentalimport,thestageissetforanunplannedevolutionaryexperiment.Brutemathematicspredictthenewspecies,knownasthemarbledcrayfish,willoutcompetethelocals.Thosewhoponderthepurposeofsex,though,thinkthenewcomerwilleventuallyfaceitscome-uppance.Thereason,accordingtothoseponderers,isthatthegeneticdiversitypromotedbysexisaprotectionagainstdisease.Anasexualfemalewhoclonesherselftentimesislikesomeonewhobuystenraffletickets,eachwiththesamenumber.Afemalewhoreproducessexuallygetsonlyfiveticketsforhereffort,buttheyarealldifferent.This,however,isarafflethatthefemalewantstolose.Thatisbecausetheprizeisprematuredeathforherdescendantsatthehandsofaninfectionparticularlyadaptedtothewinningnumber—or,rather,thelosingcombinationofgenes.Ifthisexplanationisright,themarbledcrayfishwilldoverywellforanindeterminateperiod,andwillthensuddenlyvanish.Atthemoment,thosewhoworkinthepaddyfieldsoutsideAntananarivoareenjoyingtheupwardpartofthetrajectory.Theyaresellingmarbledcrayfishbythecondensed-milk-tinloadalongallthemainroadsfromthecity.Andtherestofthecountryislikelytofollowsuitsoon,asthecrustaceannowappearstobestrikingoutfromitsbridgehead.AgroupofexpertshasgatheredinAntananarivotodrawupalistofquestionsthatneedresearching.Oneoftheirconcernsisthatthemarbledcrayfish'ssexualcousinshavecausedhavocelsewhere.Theredswampcrayfish,forexample,hastuckedintothepaddyfieldsoftheIberianpeninsulawithgusto,eatingriceseedlingsandburrowingintothebanksofdrainagechannels,causingthemtocollapse.TheenthusiasmthatmanyMalagasyseemtohaveforspreadingtheirnewandfecundfriendsaroundthecountry,toprovideanadditional“crop”,maythusbackfire.AnotherworryisthattheredswampinvaderhashelpedunleashadeadlyfungaldiseaseonnativecrayfishpopulationsaroundEurope—aplaguetowhichitis,itself,resistant.ThatbodesillforMadagascar'slocalspecies.Ifthetheoreticiansarecorrect,aplaguewillbeexactlywhatgetsridofthenewcomer,butitcouldalsospreadtothenatives,reducingtheirnumbersaswell.Untilthen,however,theresearcherscanlookforwardtoanexperimentinvolvingmanyatastybarbecue.1.Theimportofthemarblecrayfishleadstoanunplannedevolutionaryexperimentbecause_____[A]thereproductionmodelofthenewspeciesistotallydifferentfromtheotherexistingspecies.[B]thenewspecieswasoriginallylivinginthewildinMadagascarwhichisdifferentfromthenewenvironment.[C]thenewspecieshasneverbeenidentifiedbeforeDr.Jones’research.[D]thenewspecieswillthreattheexistenceoftheotherspecies.2．Towardsthemarbledcrayfish,thosewhoponderthepurposeofthesexholdtheviewthat_____[A]themarbledcrayfishwilloutnumberthelocalsfinally.[B]themarbledcrayfishwilldieoutaftertheyexistforaperiodoftime.[C]themarbledcrayfishwillhavealotofproblemsinthefuture.[D]themarbledcrayfishwillgettheupperhandeventually.3．Reproductioniscomparedtobuyingraffleticketsinordertoillustratethat_____[A]theasexualreproductionisofhighrisk.[B]thesexualreproductionpromotethegeneticdiversity.[C]thesexualreproductionisofmoreevolutionaryadvantagethantheasexualreproduction.[D]theasexualreproductionisnobetterthanthesexualreproduction.4．Atpresent,themarbledcrayfishinAntananarivo_____[A]islivingintheupwardpartofthetrajectoryoutsideAntananarivo.[B]isenjoyingpromisingmarketprospectinthecityofAntananarivo.[C]isshrinkinginquantityduetothespreadoftheircousincrayfish.[D]isspreadingfromAntananarivototherestofthecountrybeingpackedwithcondensedmilk5．WhichoneofthefollowingstatementisTRUEoftheredswampcrayfish?[A]Theredswampcrayfishisasubtypeofthemarbledcrayfish.[C]Malagasyoriginallyplannedtogrowtheredswampcrayfishtoincreasethecropoutput.[B]Theredswampcrayfishcarriesthevirusofadeadlyfungaldisease.[D]Thereisnodoubtthattheredswampwillgetridofthelocalspecieseventually.篇章剖析：這篇文章講述了關(guān)于性別作用的一項(xiàng)研究。第一段提出了問(wèn)題；第二段講述JuliaJones及其同事的一項(xiàng)研究來(lái)揭秘性別的作用；第三段講述對(duì)該研究的一些解釋；第四段講述目前研究對(duì)象大理石龍蝦被兜售的情況；第五、六段講述對(duì)紅色龍蝦的擔(dān)憂。詞匯注釋：trajectoryn.軌道。 crustaceann.甲殼蟲guston.趣味，口味 burrowv.挖掘bodev.預(yù)示難句突破：Theredswampcrayfish,forexample,hastuckedintothepaddyfieldsoftheIberianpeninsulawithgusto,eatingriceseedlingsandburrowingintothebanksofdrainagechannels,causingthemtocollapse.[主體句式]Theredswampcrayfishhastuckedinto….[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，后面的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作為主句的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[句子譯文]沼澤地的紅色龍蝦已經(jīng)藏到了伊比利亞島的谷地中，吃大米的種子，挖下水道管直至管子最終斷裂。Ifthetheoreticiansarecorrect,aplaguewillbeexactlywhatgetsridofthenewcomer,butitcouldalsospreadtothenatives,reducingtheirnumbersaswell.[主體句式]Ifthethereticiansarecorrect,aplaguewill…,butitcould…[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]這是一個(gè)并列句，前面分句中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，后面分句中現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[句子譯文]如果這些理論家是正確的話，那么瘟疫就是消滅這些新來(lái)客的原因，但是也可能擴(kuò)展到本地的物種中、從而也會(huì)減少它們的數(shù)量。題目分析：1.Theimportofthemarblecrayfishleadstoanunplannedevolutionaryexperimentbecause_____1.大理石龍蝦會(huì)引發(fā)沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的進(jìn)化實(shí)驗(yàn)，這是因?yàn)開____[A]thereproductionmodelofthenewspeciesistotallydifferentfromtheotherexistingspecies.[A]新物種的繁殖模式和其他現(xiàn)存品種的模式完全不同。[B]thenewspecieswasoriginallylivinginthewildinMadagascarwhichisdifferentfromthenewenvironment.[B]新物種最開始生活在馬達(dá)加斯加的野外，這種環(huán)境和新環(huán)境截然不同。[C]thenewspecieshasneverbeenidentifiedbeforeDr.Jones’research.[C]在以前Jones教授以前從未發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)這種新物種。[D]thenewspecieswillthreattheexistenceoftheotherspecies.[D]新物種會(huì)威脅到其它物種的生存。[答案]A[難度系數(shù)]☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Theyhavefoundaspeciesofcrayfishthatfollowsthelogicofasexualityanddoes,indeed,cloneitself.”，這個(gè)物種主要是因?yàn)槠浞敝撤绞礁郧暗娜魏挝锓N都不相同，是無(wú)性繁殖，因此和其他現(xiàn)存品種的模式完全不同。選項(xiàng)A最為符合。B和D選項(xiàng)在文章中都沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。而C選項(xiàng)具有一定的迷惑性，文章中指出“ThoughDrJonesdidnotactuallydiscoverthisspecies,shewasthepersonwhoidentifieditinthewild—inMadagascar”，說(shuō)明她不是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)物種的人。2．Towardsthemarbledcrayfish,thosewhoponderthepurposeofthesexholdtheviewthat_____2．那些思考性別目的的人對(duì)于大理石龍蝦的看法是_____[A]themarbledcrayfishwilloutnumberthelocalsfinally.[A]大理石龍蝦最后會(huì)超過(guò)本地龍蝦的數(shù)量。[B]themarbledcrayfishwilldieoutaftertheyexistforaperiodoftime.[B]大理石龍蝦在生存了一段時(shí)間后會(huì)滅絕。[C]themarbledcrayfishwillhavealotofproblemsinthefuture.[C]大理石龍蝦未來(lái)會(huì)有許多問(wèn)題。D]themarbledcrayfishwillgettheupperhandeventually.[D]大理石龍蝦最終會(huì)取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。[答案]C[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段，這些思考研究性別作用的人認(rèn)為新物種最終需要面對(duì)自己的未來(lái)，而前面提到的是數(shù)學(xué)上認(rèn)為新物種最終會(huì)超過(guò)老物種的數(shù)量是和他們的想法相反的。因此，他們認(rèn)為大理石龍蝦未來(lái)可能會(huì)有許多問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。3．Reproductioniscomparedtobuyingraffleticketsinordertoillustratethat_____3．繁殖被比喻為買彩票，這樣是為了說(shuō)明_____[A]theasexualreproductionisofhighrisk.[A]無(wú)性繁殖存在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。[B]thesexualreproductionpromotethegeneticdiversity.[B]有性生殖會(huì)促進(jìn)基因的多樣性。[C]thesexualreproductionisofmoreevolutionaryadvantagethantheasexualreproduction.[C]有性繁殖比無(wú)性繁殖在進(jìn)化意義上來(lái)說(shuō)具有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。[D]theasexualreproductionisnobetterthanthesexualreproduction.[D]無(wú)性生殖和有性生殖差不多。[答案]A[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]推力題。根據(jù)第四段“Anasexualfemalewhoclonesherselftentimesislikesomeonewhobuystenraffletickets,eachwiththesamenumber.Afemalewhoreproducessexuallygetsonlyfiveticketsforhereffort,buttheyarealldifferent.This,however,isarafflethatthefemalewantstolose”，提到彩票是為了說(shuō)明遺傳的多樣性會(huì)減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)幾率，而無(wú)性繁殖就存在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此，選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。其他幾項(xiàng)都與文章無(wú)關(guān)，尤其是C選項(xiàng)看似符合常識(shí)，但是選擇時(shí)必須以文章的內(nèi)容為依據(jù)。4．Atpresent,themarbledcrayfishinAntananarivo_____4．目前，在Antananarivo的大理石龍蝦_____[A]islivingintheupwardpartofthetrajectoryoutsideAntananarivo.[A]生活在Antananarivo軌道的上面部分。[B]isenjoyingpromisingmarketprospectinthecityofAntananarivo.[B]會(huì)有很好的市場(chǎng)前景。[C]isshrinkinginquantityduetothespreadoftheircousincrayfish.[C]由于他們的近親龍蝦的廣泛繁殖，大理石龍蝦的數(shù)量在減少。[D]isspreadingfromAntananarivototherestofthecountrybeingpackedwithcondensedmilk.[D]與煉乳一起包裝從Antananarivo擴(kuò)展到這個(gè)國(guó)家的其余地區(qū)。[答案]B[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段，最開始一句話說(shuō)“Atthemoment,thosewhoworkinthepaddyfieldsoutsideAntananarivoareenjoyingtheupwardpartofthetrajectory”，其實(shí)是說(shuō)他們現(xiàn)在銷量不錯(cuò)，隨著Antananarivo市這種情況的出現(xiàn)，其他地方也會(huì)這樣，因此，答案為B選項(xiàng)。A和C選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有依據(jù)，是對(duì)文章的誤讀。D選項(xiàng)的“condensedmilk”有一定的迷惑性，但是要注意第五段提到的是“condensedmilktin”，是完全不一樣的，與煉乳并沒(méi)有關(guān)系。5．WhichoneofthefollowingstatementisTRUEoftheredswampcrayfish?5關(guān)于紅色龍蝦，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？[A]Theredswampcrayfishisasubtypeofthemarbledcrayfish.[A]紅色龍蝦是大理石龍蝦的一種。[B]Theredswampcrayfishcarriesthevirusofadeadlyfungaldisease.[B]紅色龍蝦帶有一種致命的真菌疾病。[C]Malagasyoriginallyplannedtogrowtheredswampcrayfishtoincreasethecropoutput.[C]馬達(dá)加斯加最開始計(jì)劃培育龍蝦來(lái)增加作物收成。[D]Thereisnodoubtthattheredswampwillgetridofthelocalspecieseventually.[D]毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，紅色龍蝦最終會(huì)消滅其他的本地品種。[答案]B[難度系數(shù)]☆☆☆[分析]根據(jù)第六段，紅色龍蝦是大理石龍蝦的有性生殖兄弟，因此并不是大理石龍蝦的一種，A選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。B選項(xiàng)，第七段提到紅色龍蝦入侵幫助一種致命的菌類疾病入侵，那么可以推測(cè)應(yīng)該是它本攜帶有這樣的病毒；C選項(xiàng),第六段提到的是加引號(hào)的糧食，不是真正的作物；D選項(xiàng)，第七段提到紅色龍蝦會(huì)減少，但不一定消滅。因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。參考譯文：性是個(gè)謎，這不僅僅對(duì)于那些研究者來(lái)說(shuō)是這樣。通過(guò)將自己的基因和一個(gè)男性的基因結(jié)合，婦女就可以將自己一半的基因傳給孩子，而其后代又會(huì)見證自己基因的不斷二分。在最上端，每個(gè)人需要父母兩人才能出生意味著人口只能以減半的速度來(lái)繁衍。那么，為什么要從一開始就要處理這些雜亂的問(wèn)題呢？班戈區(qū)威爾士大學(xué)的JuliaJones及其同事可能很快就能給出答案了。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種無(wú)性繁殖的龍蝦，這種龍蝦實(shí)際上可以克隆自己。事實(shí)上Jones博士并不是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)物種的人，她是第一個(gè)在馬達(dá)加斯加島荒野中認(rèn)出來(lái)該物種的。她在采訪中說(shuō)明該物種是2003年左右由經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)家首都安塔那那利佛大路的人帶進(jìn)來(lái)的。這種意外的進(jìn)入為一個(gè)事先沒(méi)有計(jì)劃的實(shí)驗(yàn)做好了伏筆。殘忍的數(shù)學(xué)預(yù)言這種被稱為大理石龍蝦的新物種可能會(huì)超出本地龍蝦的數(shù)量。但是，那些思考性別目的的人認(rèn)為新物種最終要面對(duì)自己的將來(lái)。這些研究者認(rèn)為，原因在于性別促進(jìn)了的遺傳多樣性，是防止疾病的一種保護(hù)措施?？梢钥寺∽约菏兜臒o(wú)性物種就好像買了十注彩票，每張彩票都有同一個(gè)數(shù)字。有性物種的雌性通過(guò)自己的努力只拿到五注彩票，但都是不同的數(shù)字。但這卻是雌性想要丟掉的彩票，因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)品就是她的后代在感染疾病后會(huì)夭折，或者是沒(méi)有基因組合。如果這種解釋是正確的話，大理石龍蝦會(huì)在不確定的時(shí)期內(nèi)做得非常好，然后就突然消失了。目前在安塔那那利佛外谷田工作的人們享受著這其中的好處。他們使用壓縮牛奶罐沿著城市的主路來(lái)售賣大理石龍蝦。甲殼蟲現(xiàn)在好像要伸出其橋頭堡來(lái)，這個(gè)國(guó)家的其它地方很快也會(huì)效仿。一些專家集合在安塔那那利佛，他們列出了一系列需要研究的問(wèn)題。其中一個(gè)備受關(guān)注的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是大理石龍蝦那些有性生殖的同類可能會(huì)在別的地方引起大破壞。沼澤地的紅色龍蝦已經(jīng)藏到了伊比利亞島的谷地中，吃大米的種子，挖下水道管直至管子最終斷裂。馬達(dá)加斯加人希望自己的新朋友能散布到整個(gè)國(guó)家，從而提供一種新的“糧食”，這種熱情卻因此可能事與愿違。另外一個(gè)擔(dān)憂就是紅蝦入侵者會(huì)幫助一種致命的菌類疾病入侵歐洲本地龍蝦，這種瘟疫本身是有抵抗力的。這預(yù)示著馬達(dá)加斯加的本土物種會(huì)染上這種疾病。如果這些理論家是正確的話，那么瘟疫就是消滅這些新來(lái)客的原因，但是也可能擴(kuò)展到本地的物種中、從而也會(huì)減少它們的數(shù)量。但是到那時(shí)，研究者期望能夠有一種包括了很多美味燒烤的實(shí)驗(yàn)。TEXTTHREEItisacuriousironythatEurope,whichoftentakesadimviewofmarketforces,letsthemripinsport,whileAmerica,usuallytheworld'smostenthusiasticexponentofcommerceanditsconsequencesforsociety,hasallsortsofarrangementsinplacetomitigateitseffectsonthenation'sfavouritepastimes.Butthesedays,theAmericanmodelisgainingadherentsinEurope.Sportsministersinmanycountriesarearguingthatfootballneedstobeexemptedfromcompetitionlawinordertoallowgoverningbodiestoequalisetheresourcesofclubswithoutriskingprosecution.TheEuropeanCommission'sstrategypaperonsport,publishedonJuly11th,ignoredthosecalls;butthepressurewillnotgoaway.Professionalsportdiffersfromotherbusinessesinoneimportantrespect.Rivalteamsneedeachothertoproduceasellableproduct:amatch.Inmostbusinessesco-operationbetweenrivalswouldattracttheireofantitrustauthorities.Butinsport,anelementofcollusionisunavoidable.Thebalancebetweencollusionandindividualismisahardonetostrike,buthasbeenmanagedreasonablywellbyEurope'strustbusters.Thecollectivesellingoftelevisionrights,nowthemainsourceofincomeforfootball'selite,hasusuallybeensanctionedbytheEuropeanCommission'santitrustarm.Jointmarketingisdefensible,becausesportscontestsarebytheirnatureacollaboration.Egalitariansquibblethatthebulkofthemoneyendsupwithrichwell-supportedclubs.TheEnglishPremierLeague,forinstance,collectivelysellsitstelevisionrightsandsplitstheproceedsbetweenclubs.Butaclub'ssharepartlydependsonhowmanyofitsgamesarebroadcastandhowhighitfinishesintheleague,soChelseaandManchesterUnitedgetabiggerslice.Theworryisthatthecontinueddominanceofnationalchampionshipsbyafewclubswilldriveawaysupporters.IntheUnitedStatesthebaseball,basketball,hockeyandAmericanfootballleaguestrytomitigatetheeffectsofcompetitionandinequalitythroughrevenue-andtalent-sharingagreements,suchas“thedraft”(baseballevenhasaspecificexemptionfromantitrustlaw).Butitisnotclearthatthisiseithernecessaryordesirable.Measurestoincreaseequalitywithinaleaguetaketheedgeoffcompetition—andtherefore,presumably,offtheterrorthatdrivessportsmentoexcellence.Thereismoretosportthanwatchingtoowell-matchedteamsvieforsupremacy.ProfessionalbasketballinAmericahaslostsomeofitsshinesinceoneofMichaelJordan'smanyretirementsendedtheChicagoBulls'dominanceofthesport.Thelessonfromthisandfromgolf'spopularitysincetheemergenceofTigerWoodsisthatsportingprowessmattersmoretofansthanstrictcompetitivebalance.Europeanfootballhasneverbeenabalancedaffair.Theveryfirstprofessionalleaguechampionshipin1889wasacakewalkforPrestonNorthEnd,whichwentthrougha22-gameseasonwithoutlosingamatch(itwonin1890too,thoughneversince).ChampionshipsinPortugal,Greece,theNetherlandsandScotlandarenearlyalwayswonbyjusttwoorthreeclubs.Leaguesinbiggercountriesarescarcelylessopen.ManchesterUnitedhaswonnineoutof15leaguetitlessincetheEnglishPremierLeaguewassetupin1992.Noneofthishasimpededtheglobalpopularityoffootball,whichhasdonefarbetterasanexportindustrythanAmerica'smoreequalsports.1.Theword“mitigate”(Line4,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_____[A]moderate.[B]enforce.[C]release.[D]meditate.2．Inthefieldofsport,achangeortendencyistakingplacegraduallyinEuropethat______[A]thegovernmentbeginstomakeuseofmarketforcestoinfluencesport.[B]thegovernmentintendtosanctionrelevantfootballlawssothatallclubscanshareresourcesequally.[C]thefactorsofbothcooperationandcollisionarebettermanagedinthesportfield.[D]itbecomeswidelyexpectedthatsportcouldbeindependentofthemarketforces.3.Professionalsportdiffersfromotherbusinessesinthefollowingaspectsexcept_____[A]itisexemptedfromtheinfluenceofantirustauthorit