新編英語教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff新編英語教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff新編英語教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoffxxx公司新編英語教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOffMarch15,2010AboutthetitleThebestskillormethodofdelayingthings.Art(here)—skillormethod拖延(v)拖延(n)拖延者delaydelaydelayer;postponepostponementpostponer;procrastinateprocrastinationprocrastinator;putoffProverbsabouttime:“Procrastinationisthethiefoftime.”拖延就是浪費時間。“Neverputofftomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.”今日事，今日畢。Puttingthingsoffisthewasteoftime.Justdowhatyoushoulddoasquicklyaspossible.ConsolationisthethiefoftimeConstantenjoymentisthewasteoftime.Songoftomorrow

byQianHetanTomorrowupontomorrow,Somanytomorrowshavegone!Ifweonlyeyeontomorrow,Nothingintheworldcanbedone!Peoplearecumberedbytomorrow,Asseasonsalternate,oldtheygrow.Inmornings,weseeriverseastwardflow.Atnightfalls,weseesunsetswestwardglow.Thislife,howmanytomorrowsdoyouknowPleaselistentomy"SongofTomorrow".明日歌明日復(fù)明日，

明日何其多。

我生待明日，

萬事成蹉跎。

世人若被明日累，

春去秋來老將至。

朝看水東流，

暮看日西墜。

百年明日能幾何？

請君聽我《明日歌》！ ——清?¤錢鶴灘(1461—1504)SongoftodayTodayagaintoday,howmuchwillbefortoday.

Doingnothingtoday,whenwillyoudothen?

Howmanytodaysinalife

Whatapitydoingnothingtoday!

Don'twaitfortomorrow,thingsmustbedoneineachday.

Let'ssingthesongoftodayanddomattersfromtoday!

《今日詩》今日復(fù)今日，

今日何其少！

今日又不為，

此事何時了！

人生百年幾今日，

今日不為真可惜！

若言姑待明朝至，

明朝又有明朝事。

為君聊賦今日詩，

努力請從今日始。 ——明?¤文嘉《昨日謠》昨日兮昨日，

昨日何其好！

昨日過去了，

今日徒煩惱。

世人但知悔昨日，

不覺今日又過了。

水去汩汩(gugu)流，

花落日日少。

萬事立業(yè)在今日，

莫待明朝悔今朝！Dictionarywork1.coolone’sheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:(v.)testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof證實,證明3.apocalyptic:(adj.)forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom預(yù)示災(zāi)難或最后毀滅的4.proconsul:(n.)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers地方總督5.ruminate:(v.)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反芻,沉思6.nattering:(adj.)chattering;hence,noisyrel.natter:chatter;totalkforalongtime,especiallyaboutunimportantthings嘮叨;閑聊7.echelon:(n.)rank,level等級，階層e.g.ajobinthelowerechelonofthecorporation一份公司底層工作8.fortify:(v.)encourage;support鼓勵；支持e.g.Faithfortifiedusduringourcrisis.在關(guān)鍵時刻信念使我們變得堅強。fortifycouldalsomeantostrengthen,toreinforce,etc.9.reappraisal:(n.)re-evaluation10.academe:(n.)theacademiccommunity;academics學(xué)術(shù)界；學(xué)術(shù)11.shrink:(slang)(n.)psychoanalystorpsychiatrist心理分析學(xué)者或神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生12.subliminal:(adj.)existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness潛意識的13.truism:(n.)anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth不言而喻的道理；自明之理14.mellowandmarinate:(v.)tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andthemarinateistosteep(浸)(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavor;here,ripenandmature成熟及完善LordChesterfieldLordChesterfield(1694—1773):EnglishStatesman,oratorandauthor;ButChesterfield'sfameasaletter-writermustrestonhisLetterstohisSonandthosetohisGodson.Hisdevotiontothesetwoyoungmenisaveryremarkableindicationofhistruecharacter.From1737(whenhisagewasforty-threeyears)totheyearofhisdeath,itbecamelittlelessthananobsession.HebeganwritinglettersofadvicetohisillegitimatesonPhilipStanhopewhenthechildwasonlyfiveyearsold.Whenhehadreachedtwenty-five,anotherPhilipStanhope(ofMansfieldWoodhouse)wasborn.ThiswasChesterfield'sgodsonandsuccessor,whoseeducationheundertook,andtowhomhebegantowriteeducationalletterswhenhewasfouryearsold.He,doubtless,wasledtoundertaketheselettersbytherecollectionoftheneglecthehadexperiencedfromhisownfather,andhissenseofitsconsequences.WhensittinginjudgmentonChesterfield'sletterstohisson,weshouldnotomittorememberthattheywereneverintendedforanyeyebutthatofthereceiver.Hewrote(21January,1751):

YouandImustnowwritetoeachotherasfriendsandwithouttheleastreserve;therewillforthefuturebeathousandthingsinmyletterswhichIwouldnothaveanymortallivingbutyourselfseeorknow.

TheLettersarewritteninEnglish,LatinandFrench,andcontainalargeamountofvaluableinformationonhistory,geography,andsoforth,putinaneasyandconvenientformforthepupil.PhilipStanhopewascensuredforbadwritingandbadspellingandforinattention.Hisfathertoldhimthatnothingwastoosmallforattentiveconsiderationandthatconcentratedattentionononesubjectatatimewasofparamountimportance:“Thereistimeenoughforeverythinginthecourseofthedayifyoudoonethingatonce,butthereisnottimeenoughintheyearifyouwilldotwothingsatonce（假如你一時只做一件事，那么一天當(dāng)中就有足夠時間做每件事情；但假如你一次做兩件事情，一年當(dāng)中也沒有足夠時間）."

Honourandmorality,theneedofwhichisstronglyurgedintheLetters,donotincludesexualmorality:thewriterrecommendshissontoseekintimateassociationwithmarriedwomenoffashion,inordertoimprovehismanners,which,bynature,weresomewhatboorish.ThegeneralprinciplesofgoodbreedingcontinuallyurgedintheLettershavebeenstrangelymisunderstood.Theobjectoflifeistobepleased,and,inordertoattainthis,wemustpleaseothers;butitisquiteevidentthatmorethansurfacepleasingishereintended.Bothrespectforthefeelingsofothersandsympathywiththemareenjoined.Theyoungmanistold"nevertobeashamedofdoingwhatisright,"buttousehisownjudgmentinsteadofblindlyfollowingothersinwhatthefashionableworldconsiderstobepleasure.SuchisasampleofChesterfield'swisesaws,manyofwhichhavebecomefamiliarquotations,andwhichshowhisrecollectionofhisownbitterlyrepentedmistakesinearlylife.WhenPhilipStanhopewentoutintotheworldandhisearlyeducationwascompleted,hisfathercontinuedtosendhimlettersofadvice;but,in1768,theyoungmandied,andthefatherlearnedthathehadbeenmarriedandhadtwosons.Chesterfieldreceivedthisunexpectednewswithcomposure,andwrotekindlytothewidow,EugeniaStanhope,sayingthathewouldundertakealltheexpensesconnectedwiththebringingupofherboys.Hedidnotremovethemfromhercare,buttookmuchinterestinthem,andbecameattachedtothem,observingtheirdifferentcharactersandadvisingastothem.

TheseLettersfollowverymuchtheplanoftheirpredecessors.TheyaresometimesinEnglish,andmoreofteninFrench.Theycontainthesameformofinstructionandanecdote,arewrittenwiththesamemixtureofwitandwisdom,andbreathethesameaffectionateinterestofthewriterinthedoingsofhiscorrespondent.Oneofthelettersmaybespeciallymentioned,sinceitinculcatesthespiritoftwocommandments,onwhich,accordingtothehighestauthority,“hangallthelawandtheprophets(是律法和先知一切道理的總綱）."Chesterfieldwrites:“Myobjectistohaveyoufittolife;which,ifyouarenot,Idonotdesirethatyoushouldliveatall.’SowroteLordChesterfieldinoneofthemostcelebratedandcontroversialcorrespondencesbetweenafatherandhisson.Chesterfieldwrotealmostdailytohisnaturalson,Philip,from1737onwards,providinghimwithinstructioninetiquetteandtheworldlyarts（處世藝術(shù)）.Praisedintheirdayasacompletemanualofeducation,anddespisedbySamuelJohnsonforteaching‘themoralsofawhoreandthemannersofadancingmaster’,theselettersreflectthepoliticalcraftofaleadingstatesman,andtheurbanewitofamanwhoassociatedwithPope,Addison,andSwift.ThelettersrevealChesterfield’spoliticalcynicismandhisbeliefthathiscountryhad‘a(chǎn)lwaysbeengovernedbytheonlytwoorthreepeople,outoftwoorthreemillions,totallyincapableofgoverning’,aswellashisviewsongoodbreeding.Notoriginallyintendedforpublication,thisentertainingcorrespondenceilluminatesfascinatingaspectsofeighteenth-centurylifeandmanners”Imustfromtimetotimeremindyouoftwomuchmoreimportantduties,whichIhopeyouwillneverforgetnorneglect.ImeanyourdutytoGodandyourdutytoMan….YourdutytoManisveryshortandclear,itisonlytodotohimwhateveryouwouldbewillingthatheshoulddotoyou.AndrememberinallbusinessofyourlifetoaskyourconsciencethisquestionShouldIbewillingthatthisshouldbedonetomeIfyourconsciencewhichwillalwaystellyoutruthanswerNo,donotdothatthing.Chesterfieldtookimmensepainstoshowhistwopupilshowtolive;anditevidentlygavehimgreatpleasuretowatchoverthem,andtoexpresstoeachofthemhissatisfactionintheirprogress.Hemust,however,havesuffereddisappointmentwhenhefoundthat,inpointofmanners,neitherofthemdidjusticetohisintentions.Hisson,welearnfromothers,was"loutish,"andFannyBurneysaysofhisgodsonthat"withmuchshareofhumour,andofgoodhumouralso,[he]hasaslittlegoodbreedingasanymanIevermetwith."GuidelinesforReadingFindouthowDemarestdevelophisideasandhowheproducesthecohesiveeffectindealingwithsomanydisparatethings.DecidethetoneofDemarest’swritingandtrytounderstandhishumor.TrytofindfaultwithDemarest,seewhetheranyexamplesgivenbyhimcanbeusedtosubverthisownideas.Thesis:Itcanalsobeexpressedasfollows:Youcanwellputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Procrastinationisnotaltogetherabadpractice.Sometimesitisrecommendable..Comparedwithconventionalideas:Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.ProcrastinationisthethiefoftimeOrganizationofthetextI.Introduction:Itisevidencedthatpeopledodelay(paras.1-2).A.Historicalfiguresfamousfortheirdelay(para.1).1.__________a.puttingoffmarryinghisson’smotherb.keepingimportantpeoplelikeDr.Johnsonwaitingforhours.2.QuintusFabiusMaximusa.____________b.puttingoffabattle3.________puttingoffdeliveringJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh4.Hamlet:puttingofftakingrevengeB.Twocontrastiveviewsontheworld1.__________a.preparingincometaxesearlyb.____________2.delayersa.havingdinnerlateb.misplacingbillsandpayingincometaxlatec.______________d._______________II.Mainbody:peopleineveryfielddelayandbenefitfromthedelay.(Para.3-7)A.Inliterary—creativityinspiredandrevived(para.3)1.JeanKerr,_________________2.Manyawriter,focusingontriflesbutwritingB.Inmilitary,diplomacyandthelaw–conflictdelayedorresolved(para.4)1.ABritishproconsul,drinkingratherthanshootingwhenfacedwithanuprising2.AUSgeneralinworldwarII,__________________________________3.Lawyers,postponingtowriteawillC.Inbusiness,embarrassmentandcostlypaysavedAbankvicepresident’sexperience—abundantdatatobeexplored(para.5)D.In_______________,hastydecisionsprevented1.Thedesignitself—legalism,compromiseandreappraisal2.themodel–concentrationE.In_______________,theneedreflected1.Spanish–manana2.Arabic–bukrafulmishmishF.In_________,uponfacingablankpage,agoniesavoided1.Asociologist,writing3to5pagesaday2.Manyofhisfriends,resortingtoavarietyofexcusestoavoidfacingablankpageG.Amongmanypeople,especiallywomen1.Allfrightenedpeoplewillthenavoidthemomentoftruthentirely,orevadeorpostponeituntilthelastpossiblemoment.2.Procrastinationmaybeakindof23subliminalwayofsortingtheimportantfromthetrivialIII.Conclusion:Aseitherpurposefulorsubconsciousprocrastinationisjustifiable,weshouldsometimesputofftilltomorrowwhatwecandotoday.(Para.9)A.Passivereasons1.Avoidingproblems2._____________B.Positivereason:moretimefordeliberationandimprovement1.theparliamentaryprocess2.avarietyofcreations–theconstructionofBlenheimPalaceC.Conclusion1.QuotationfromT.H.White2.StatementrefutingLordChesterfieldThestyleandthetone1.Formalstyle:formalwords;longorcomplexsentencesexhortattesttodubungodlyruminateaboutechelonstuddedwith…2.Humoroustone:achievedthroughunusualcombination:marryhisson’smotherchurnout3-5pagesadaycreatingofagreatpaintandcreationofanentree3.Serioustopicjokingsupportingdetails(para.4,5)Paragraph1HowdoesDemarestbeginhisessayIsitaneffectivebeginning

Dr.SamuelJohnsonApoet,critic,lexicographer,andtheauthorofthefamousDictionary,whichhebeganin1747.Heworkedforeightyearswiththeproject.JohnsonoriginallyapproachedLordChesterfieldasapotentialpatron,butChesterfieldgaveJohnsononlyatokensum(10pounds).LaterJohnsonwrote:"ThismanIthoughthadbeenaLordamongwits;butIfind,heisonlyawitamongLords."ApatronwasinhisDictionaryas"onewhocountenances,supportsorprotects.Commonlyawretchwhosupportswithinsolence,andispaidwithflattery."Dr.JohnsoninLordChesterfield'sWaitingRoomHewasequallycelebratedforhisbrilliantandwittyconversation.Hisrathergrossappearanceandmannerswereviewedtolerantly,ifnotwithacertainadmiration.Thesonofabookseller,Johnsonexcelledatschoolinspiteofillnessandpoverty.HeenteredOxfordin1728butwasforcedtoleaveafterayearforlackoffunds.Hesustainedhimselfasabooksellerandschoolmasterforthenextsixyears,duringwhichhecontinuedhiswidereadingandpublishedsometranslations.JohnsonsettledinLondonin1737andbeganhisliterarycareerinearnest.Hispoem“London,”publishedanonymouslyin1738,waspraisedbyPopeandwonJohnsonrecognitioninliterarycircles.Johnson’sfirstworkoflastingimportance,andtheonethatpermanentlyestablishedhisreputationinhisowntime,washisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),thefirstcomprehensivelexicographicalworkonEnglisheverundertaken.Dr.Johnson,asheisuniversallyknown,wasEngland’sfirstfull-dressmanofletters（學(xué)者）,andhismindandpersonalityhelpedtocreatethetraditionsthathaveguidedEnglishtasteandcriticism.QuintusFabiusMaximusARomanpoliticianandsoldier(c.275BC-203BC).HisnicknameCunctatormeans"delayer"inLatin,andreferstohistacticsindeployingthetroopsduringtheSecondPunicWar.Fabiuswaswell-awareofthemilitarysuperiorityoftheCarthaginians,andwhenHannibalinvadedItalyherefusedtomeethiminapitchedbattle.InsteadhekepthistroopsclosetoHannibal,hopingtoexhausthiminalongwarofattrition.FabiuswasabletoharasstheCarthaginians,limitingHannibal'sabilitytowreakdestructionwhileconservinghisownmilitaryforce.TheRomanswereunimpressedwiththisdefensivestrategyandatfirstgaveFabiushisnicknameasaninsult.偉大領(lǐng)袖毛主席的作戰(zhàn)方針政策敵進我退敵駐我擾敵疲我打敵退我追MosesHebrewprophetandlawgiverandfounderofIsrael,ortheJewishpeople.ThestoryofhislifeissetforthprincipallyintheOldTestamentbooksofExodus出埃及記andDeuteronomy申命記.Accordingtothisaccount,MoseshadtheexperienceofseeingGod,whocommandedhimtoleadtheHebrewsoutofEgypttothelandCannan.MoseswastogivethismessagetoPharaoh,rulerofancientEgypt.MosessaiduntoJehovah,Oh,Lord,Iamnoteloquent,neitherheretofore,norsincethouhastspokenuntothyservant;forIamslowofspeech,andofaslowtongue.exhort(Line1)=entreat;≈advise：(fml.)tourgeoradvisestronglyIfyouexhortsomeonetodosomething,youtryhardtopersuadethemtodoit.e.g.Thegeneralexhortedhismentofightwell.Weareexhortednottowasteourtimeonthechatroomonline.Iexhortmyfriendnottodrinktoomuch.elegant:havingthequalitiesofgrace,beauty,andfashion文雅的，雅致的；講究的E.g.:elegantmanners優(yōu)雅的風(fēng)度anelegantdress漂亮雅致的女服asetofbookswithelegantbindings一套裝幀精美的書籍Thetitleofnobility:(Line2)duke公爵,duchess公爵夫人marquis侯爵,marchioness侯爵夫人earl伯爵,countess伯爵夫人viscount子爵viscountess子爵夫人baron男爵,baroness男爵夫人getaroundtosth./doingsth.(Line2)Ifyougetaroundtosomething,youeventuallydosomethingthatyouwouldhavelikedtoavoiddoingorthatyouwereunabletodobeforebecauseyouweretoobusy.抽出時間(做某事)e.g.Ionlygotaroundtodoingthisafewdaysago.Hefinallygotaroundtosortingoutthosebooksandmagazinesyesterday.worthyworthy:(sometimeshumorous)apersonofimportance知名人士；杰出人物E.g.:localworthies地方名流Hehadbeenacollegeworthy.他曾是學(xué)院里大名鼎鼎的人。cool/kickone’sheels:≈wait(Line3)Ifyouarekickingyourheelsorcoolingyourheels,someoneisdeliberatelykeepingyouwaiting,sothatyougetboredorimpatient(aninformalexpression).e.g.Thetwoyoungermenwerecoolingtheirheelsintheouteroffice.“Lethimcoolhisheelsinthemeetingroomforawhile,”saidthedean.anteroom:(alsoantechamber)aroominwhichpeoplewait,asbeforeseeingadoctor(連接正廳的)前廳，候見室attestto:testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof證明，表明E.g.:Hissuccessatteststohisability.他的成功表明他有能力。ever:(olduseorincombination)always總是，不斷地；永遠，始終E.g.:Warandsufferinghaveevergonehandinhand.戰(zhàn)爭和苦難總是結(jié)伴而行的。Heisevermakingthesamemistake.他老是犯同樣的錯誤。ever-risingcostsandprices不斷上漲的費用和物價Thattheelegantearlnevergotroundtomarryinghisson’smotherandhadabadhabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefactthateventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever:這是一個多重復(fù)合句，包含了主語從句和同位語從句。thattheelegantearlnever…inananteroom是主語從句，其中用and連接了兩個謂語；getaroundto意為“花時間和精力去做”，后接動名詞；worthy作名詞時意為“知名人士，杰出人物”；詞組coolone’sheels意為“久等，空等”。整個句子的謂語是attestto,賓語是thefact,其后的that從句是解釋thefact內(nèi)容的同位語從句。dub:give(someone)anunofficialnameornickname給…起綽號；把…稱為；授予…稱號E.g.:HewasdubbedShortybecauseofhissize.他因身材短小被人取了個矮子的綽號。Theregionisdubbedtheparadiseonearth.這地方被稱為人間天堂。bedubbed:begiventhenameofMosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh.(Line6-7)plead:toappealearnestly;toofferasdefenseorexcuse懇求;為...辯護,借口(SeeNote6,P19formore)e.g.pleadformoretime懇求更多的時間pleadillness以生病作為理由defectdefect:n.deficiencye.g.birthdefect出生缺陷avisualdefect視覺缺陷speechdefect語言缺陷v.aChinesecitizenwhodefectedtoJapan一個叛逃到日本的中國公民defectedfromthepartyovertheissueoffreetrade在自由貿(mào)易的問題上背叛了自己的政黨rationalizerationalize:tomakerational;attempttoexplainorjustifyone’sactionwithplausiblereasons,eveniftheyarenottrueorappropriate理性化;闡釋：從理性角度出發(fā)進行解釋;自圓其說e.g.Don’trationalizeyourincompetencebyfindingfaultwiththemethod.Paraphrase:MosesjustifiedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah’sordertoPharaoh,sayingthathewas“slowofspeech”.Or:MosesexplainedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah’sordertoPharaohasbecauseofhisspeechdeficiency.Summary:TheauthorbeginswiththefamoussayingofChesterfield’sandexamplesoftheprocrastinationofsomehistoricallywell-knownfigures.Thiseffectivelyremindspeoplethatsometimespeopledohaveagoodreasontodelay.Para.2mortgage(Line10)抵押Cf.installment:oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlementofadebt分期付款ungodly(Line10):impious;here,unpleasant,unreasonableleftovers(Line11)Leftoversarethefoodthatremainsuneatenafterameal.e.g.Theleftoverswerethrowntothevillagedogs.Don’tworry.I’llwarmuptheleftoversandtheyareenoughforme.filefor:toformallyapplyfor申請e.g.filefordivorce/bankruptcy申請離婚/破產(chǎn)apocalyptic(Line13)apocalypticmeans(A)(≈catastrophic)relatingtothetotaldestructionofsomething,especiallyoftheworld.;(B)(≈prophetic)relatingtoorinvolvingprophecyaboutfuturedisastersandthedestructionoftheworld.e.g.Peopleoftheworldarefirmlyagainsttheapocalypticnuclearwar.Thereissomethingapocalypticaboutthetoneinhiswritings.Faustianencounters“Faustianencounters”refertoFaust’sencounterswiththedevilMephistopheles.Naturallytheyareundesirable.Similarly,mostpeopleareunwillingtovisitbarbers,doctors,anddentists,sotheauthorsayslike“Faustianencounters”.JeanCollinsKerr1923–2003,Americancomicauthorandplaywright.Kerrhadaknackforfindingwryhumorintheworldsofmarriage,suburbia,andshowbusiness.HernovelPleaseDon'tEattheDaisies(1957)wasmadeintoamovieandatelevisionseries.HerotherbooksincludeTheSnakeHadAlltheLines(1960)andHowIGottoBePerfect(1978).AmongherplaysareMary,Mary(1961),PoorRichard(1964),FinishingTouches(1973),andLunchHour(1980).TheCoastandGeodeticSurveyItbeganservingtheUSAintheearly1800's.Sincethattime,CoastSurveyorsandtheirdescendantshavechartedAmericancoastline;conductedgeodeticsurveysthroughouttheUnitedStates,itsterritories,andmanypartsoftheWorld;surveyedthepioneercoastsofthePacificbeginningin1849andcontinuingthroughtheAlaskasurveysoftoday;surveyedthePhilippineIslandsfollowingtheSpanish-AmericanWar;andconductedoceanographicobservationsthroughouttheoceansoftheEarth.Paragraph3allthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur:Delayleadstoproblems.However,inmanycases,itcanoftenstimulatecreativity.incur:becomesubjectto(somethingunpleasant)asaresultofone’sownaction招致,引起,帶來;遭受,受到E.g.:Thecompanyincurredaheavylossduetomismanagement.incursomebody’sdispleasure(envy)招致某人的不悅(妒忌)incuraprotest惹起抗議incurgreatexpense招致巨額花費SingaporeSlingwascreatedatRafflesHotel,Singapore,attheturn-of-the-centurybyHainanese-ChinesebartenderMrNgiamTongBoon.Originally,theSingaporeSlingwasmeantasawoman'sdrink,hencetheattractivepinkcolour.DrinkBoysays:Ihighlyrecommendthiscocktailforanybodylookingforanicecooldrinkonahottropicalday.IsDemarestserioushere?IswhathesaysabouttheprocrastinationinthearmyseriouslymeantPara4proconsul:(inancientRome)agovernorofapartoftheRomanEmpire;(formalorpompous)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers總督ruminate:(formal)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反芻；沉思；反復(fù)思考E.g.:Heruminatedover/onthesituationbeforehemadethefinaldecision.Sheruminatedforalongtimebeforesheexpressedheropinion.nattering(natterv.):(BrEinformal)chattering;hence,noisyE.g.:Theynatteredawayforanhouraboutnothing.他們空談了一個小時。orderinsth./ordersth.in=ordersth.(AmericanEnglish)(Line25)e.g.Westayedinlastnight,watchedavideoandorderedinapizza.Here“blessedly”means“fortunately/luckily”:thenatteringTelexwouldhavefacilitatedthesupplyofweaponsanddispatchoftroops,deprivingtheproconsuloftheexcusetodelayaction.theworld’smostaddicted(不可救藥地）postponers:theworld’sworstpostponerswhojustcouldnotfreethemselvesfrompostponingThenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing:Itisausualpracticeforpeopletomakeawill,anofficialstatementofthewaytheywishtheirpropertytobesharedoutaftertheirdeathbeforetheydie.Anditisgenerallytheattorneys(AmE)orlawyerswhoadministerthewills.Butattorneysthemselvespostponemakingtheirownwills.lawyer,attorney,barrister,counsel,solicitor(L28)Thesewordsalldesignatepersonswhohadlegaltraining,andarequalifiedtopracticelaw.Lawyeristhegeneraltermforanyoneversedinthelawanddulyadmittedtopractice.Lawyer是最普通和廣泛的術(shù)語，用來指授權(quán)給委托人提供法律咨詢并在法庭上為其辯護的人Attorneyisoftenusedassynonymforlawyerinageneralsense.Initsstrictsenseitdenotesanagent(whoisnotnecessarilyalawyer)empoweredtoactinalegalcapacityforanotherperson.Attorney通?？膳clawyer互換，但從更狹的意義上說，它指在商業(yè)事務(wù)中代表委托人的法律代理Aqualifiedlawyerwhois“calledtotheBar”isknownasabarristerHeiscompetenttoconductcourtcasesand,asaspecialistinoneofthebranchesofthelaw,iscalleduponfortechnicallegalopinionsandadvice.出庭律師Asolicitorsimilarlyqualifiedbutis“admittedasaSolicitor”.Solicitorscanconductcourtcasesbutthemajoritydonotoftendoso.Ingeneral,asolicitoradvisesandassistsclientsintheorderingoftheiraffairs,and,whenrequired,hepreparesthematerialstobeusedbyabarristerinthecourt.事務(wù)律師，訟狀律師Counselisageneraltermappliedtobarristers.Butcounselmayconsistofonelawyeronlyorofalegalstaffworkingasaunittoadviseaclientortoconductacaseincourt.提供法律咨詢并擔(dān)任出庭律師的人e.g.Lawyersconductlawsuits,adviseclientsoftheirlegalrightsandobligations,andmayactonbehalfoforpleadforthemincourt.WhileshewaslivinginEurope,herbrotherhadpowerofattorneyoverherproperty.Mr.Johnson,awell-knownbarrister,istoconductthecaseinthehighercourtoflawonbehalfoftheprosecution.Iwasadvisedtoputthematterintothehandsofasolicitor.Afterconsultingwithcounsel,thedefendantchangedhisidea.chronic(=habitual)(L32)Youdescribesomeone’sbadhabitsorbehavioraschronicwhentheybehavelikethatforalongtimeanddonotseemtobeabletostopthemselves.e.g.Everyoneknewthathewasachronicover-sleeper.大家都知道他總是睡過頭。otherexamples:chronicmoneyproblems(長期的)chronicdisease(慢性的)Paragraph5echelon:(oftenpluralwithsingularmeaning)(inagroupofpeopleororganization)rank,level階層E.g.:thetopechelonoftheCivilService文職官員中的最高層theleadingechelonsofagovernment政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層thehigher(lower)echelons較高（低）職位的全體人員breedthecautionthatbreedsdelay:thegreatcarethatcausesdelay(L33)e.g.Ratsbreedrapidly.（toproduce）MyfriendJanebreedswaterlilies(荷花；睡蓮).(tocultivate)Somepeoplebelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.（causetodevelop）Fadsbreedinemptyheadsandfullpurses.流行時尚從空虛的頭腦和鼓脹的錢包中產(chǎn)生Paragraph6Watergate(1972)?

Politicalscandal?

PresidentRichardNixon?

TheburglarisingoftheDemocraticPartynationalheadquartersintheWatergateapartmentcomplexinWashington,D.C.?

ThefirstresignationofaU.S.presidentdesignationofamajorUnitedStatespoliticalscandalthatbeganwiththeburglaryandwiretapping竊聽oftheDemocraticParty’scampaignheadquarters,laterengulfedPresidentRichardM.Nixonandmanyofhissupportersinavarietyofillegalacts,andculminatedinthefirstresignationofaU.S.president.TheburglarywascommittedonJune17,19