常州市二。二二年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：.本試卷共8頁(yè)，全卷滿分為90分。考試時(shí)間為100分鐘?？忌殞⒋鸢笗?shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在試卷上的一律無(wú)效。.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考試證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷上，并填寫(xiě)答題卡上的考生信息?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分）從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。-Howthisquestionis!I'vespenttwohoursonit.—Letmehelpyou!A.practicalB.generalC.difficultD.natural- doesyourschoolorganizeanEnglishReadingFestival?-Onceaterm.A.HowoftenB.HowoldC.HowlongD.HowsoonLearningisalife-longjourney,foritbringsusneweveryday.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.somethingToachieveourdream,werestonwhatwehavedone.A.maynotB.shouldnotC.neednotD.couldnot-Whydidn，tyouopenthedoorforme,Jim?-Iclothesinthebathroom.Ididn，theartheknock.A.amwashingB.havewashedC.waswashingD.washedThesummervacationiscoming.Don*tswiminthelake,whenyouarealone.A.probablyB.possiblyC.especiallyD.exactlyAlthoughthematchismovinginanunexpected,ourteamwillwinfinally,Ibelieve.A.instructionB.introductionC.positionD.directionIfyouwanttokeephealthy,goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyishighly.A.recommendedB.challengedC.translatedD.influenced-Mum,doyouknow?Anengineer.-That,sinteresting.Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.A.whatdomyclassmatescallmeB.whatmyclassmatescallmeC.whydomyclassmatescallmeD.whymyclassmatescallme-It'snecessaryforustospendmoretimewithourgrandparents.-.Theywon，tseeusoftenafterwegotocollege.A.IhopenotB.Ithinkso C.TmsorryD.I'mnotsure二、完形填空(共12小題;每小題1分，滿分12分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、BC,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Thethreemenweremovingdownafastandrockyriver.Thorntonwasintheboat,whileHansandPetehadtomovealongtheriverbank,holdingtheboatwitharope.Buck,thedog,followedthem,keepinga(n)jleyeonThornton.Theycametoamore12partoftheriver,andtheboatstartedtogotooquickly.Hanspulledontheropetostopit,butpulledittoohard.Theboat13,andThorntonwasthrownintothewater.BuckjumpedinatonceandswamthreehundredmetersuntilheHThornton.ThenBuckreturned,withThorntonholdinghistail.Buckswamtowardstheriverbank.Buttheymoved15.Thorntonknewtheywouldnotgettothebankquicklyenough,soheletgoofBuck,heldontoarockinthemiddleofthewater,and16,“Go,Buck,go!”Buckswamashardashecouldtothebank,andPeteandHanspulledhimout.ItwashardforThorntontoholdontohisrockinthat17water,andhisfriendsknewtheyhadonlyafewminutestosavehim.They18theirroperoundBuck,whoatoncejumpedintotheriverandtriedtoswimtoThornton.Thefirsttime,thewatertookhim19therock,andPeteandHanshadtopullhimback.Thesecondtime,heswamhigheruptheriver.20,thewaterbroughthimdowntoThornton.ThorntonheldontoBuck,andHansandPetepulledtheropeashardastheycould.Mananddogdisappearedunderthewater,21rocks,turningoverandover,sometimeswithBuckontop,sometimesThornton.WhenHansandPetefinallypulledthemout,bothseemed

moredeadthanalive.Butafterawhiletheireyesopenedand22returned.Theyallsmiled.A.worriedB.satisfiedC.surprisedD.excitedA. important B. famousC.dangerous D.interestingA. turnedup B. turnedoverC.turned downD.turned offA.lostB.sawC.savedD.reachedA.carelesslyB.slowlyC.wiselyD.simplyA.shoutedB.complainedC.repliedD.jokedA.secretB.clearC.dirtyD.wildA.tiedB.limitedC.relaxedD.mixedA.underB.pastC.insideD.throughA.OtherwiseB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.InsteadA.liftingB.controllingC.hittingD.breakingA.fearB.loveC.trustD.life三、閱讀理解（共14小題；每小題2分，滿分28分）閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。TheBeijing2022Olympicswasthemostgender-balanced（性別平衡的）WinterOlympicGamesinhistory,withmorethan1,300femaleathletes—arecordnumber-competingattheevents,makingupmorethan45percentofallathletes.HerearesomefemaleathleteswhoseachievementsinBeijingamazedtheworld.TeamChina，steenageheroGuAiling,18,istheyoungestathletetowinthreemedalsataWinterOlympics.Thefreeskiplayerwontwogoldmedalsandasilverinthreeevents.Russia'sskatingsilvermedalistAlexandraTrusova,17,amazedtheworldwithfivequadruplejumps（29周EK）duringfreeskateattheBeijingWinterOlympics.

NootherwomanhaseverfinishedfivequadruplejumpsinanOlympiccompetition.Britishwomen，scurling（冰壺）teamwonthecountry'sonlygoldmedalbyhavinga10-3winagainstJapanonthelastdayoftheBeijingWinterOlympics.Thiswasalsothecountry，sfirstcurlinggoldafter2002.AlmidadeVai,a24-year-oldSwedishITengineer,togetherwithherteammate,tookthethirdplaceincurlingmixeddoubles.ShetookaleavefromhercompanytotakepartintheOlympics.HowmanyathletestookpartintheBeijing2022OlympicGames?A.Around1,300.B.Around1,580.C.Around2,880.D.Around4,460.Whotookasilvermedalinthecompetition?A.GuAiling.B.Britishwomen，scurlingteam.C.AlmidadeVai.D.AlmidadeVai'steammate.WhatdoweknowaboutAlexandraTrusova?Sheistheyoungestathleteinthe2022OlympicGames.ShetookthefirstplaceintheBeijingWinterOlympics.SheworkedasanITengineerbeforebecomingaskatingplayer.SheisthefirstfemaletocompletefivequadruplejumpsinanOlympiccompetition.BThisisatypical（典型的）dayforYangJinlong.At9a.m.,hedrivestoprimaryschoolsandmiddleschoolsinXi9an,ShaanxiProvince,toteachstudentsaboutShaanxikuaiban.ItisatraditionalChineseformofstorytellingtotherhythm（節(jié)奏）ofbambooclappers（響板），whichtheartformisnamedafter.Sometimes,hehelpsstudentsprepareforcompetitions.Usually,hisclassesrununtilabout6.p.m.,andthenhereturnshometoprepareclassesforthenextday.OnJune10,theMinistryofCultureandTourismannounced325nationalintangibleculturalheritage（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)）itemsinBeijing,increasingthelistto1,557items.Shaanxikuaiban,whichappearedduringthelateQingDynasty,hasbeenincluded.Theartformhasbeenintroducedtolocalschoolsaspartoftheirarteducation.Yanghasbeenteachingyoungpeopletheartformsince2003aftergraduatingfromtheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing.Hestudiedquyithere.QuyiisgeneraltermforChinesefolkartforms,includingstorytelling,crosstalkandclappertalk.“ArteducationisimportantforstudentsinChina.JustasmanystudentslearntoplayWesternmusicalinstrumentslikethepianoandviolin,therearemanypeoplelearningtraditionalChinesefolkarts,includingShaanxikuaiban,whichI'11workformywholelife,“hesaid.KuaibanispopularinnorthernChina,includingBeijingandTianjin.AccordingtoYang,Shaanxikuaibanwasinfluencedbytheartofdifferentareas.Theartformcanbeplayedbyagroupofplayersoronlyone.Withoneortwopairsofkuaibanofdifferentsizesinhand,theplayersspeakinthelocaldialect（方言）whiletellingstories,whichareusuallyaboutheroes.Theplayertellsstorieswhileplayingkuaiban,andit'seasyforthewatcherstorememberthestoriessinceallthelinesrhym.ThankstoartistslikeYang,thistraditionalChineseformofstorytellingispassedonandstaysaliveinourcountry.WhyistodayatypicaldayforYangJinlong?Heisteachingstudentsaboutkuaibanasusual.Hisworkstartsat9andlasts6hourslikeeveryday.Heispreparingforakuaibancompetitiontoday.Hislifetodayisasbusyandboringaseveryday.WhichofthefollowingaboutShaanxikuaibanisTRUE?ItisnamedaftertheShaanxidialect.Itislistedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritage.ItismorepopularthanthepianoandviolininnorthernChina.Itisplayedtotellstoriesusuallyaboutcommonpeople.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesYangJinlong?A.Devoted.B.Stressed.C.Generous.D.Curious.WhydoesthewriterreportYangJinlong，sstory?ToshowhowtoplayShaanxikuaibaninthelocaldialect.TotellthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesternarts.Toprovethatkuaibanplayersarelivingabusylife.TopraisetheworkofspreadingtraditionalChineseart.CResearchersareusinganunderwaterdrone（無(wú)人機(jī)）togetinformationoncarbondioxide（C02）levelsintheocean.Itisbelievedtobethefirsttimethatsuchadevice（裝置）hasbeenusedpurposelytotestC02levels.Thedevice, whichtheteamalsocallsa glider,isdesignedto godowntol, 000metersindeep oceanareasandcanoperate forweeksatatime.Thepurpose oftheresearchistoprovidescientistswithdata （數(shù)據(jù)）about howclimatechange isinfluencingtheocean's chemistry.Theself-swimming drone wasplacedintheGulfofAlaskathisspring.ReportersfromTheAssociatedPressrecentlyjoinedresearchersonaboatinAlaska，sResurrectionBaytoseethedroneinaction.Theteamsaystheprojectcouldbeamajorstepforwardinmeasuring（測(cè)量）theenvironmentalhealthofoceans.Thescientistsaremostinterestedinlevelsofoceanacidification（酸性）.ThishappenswhenC02emissions（排放）intheairmaketheirwayintotheocean.Oceanacidificationcanharmorkillsomekindsofsealife.ScientistshaveconnectedC02emissionswithglobal（全球）warmingcausedbyhumanactivities.Inaway,oceanshavegivenhumansahelpinghandbytakingin（吸收）someoftheC02.Iftherewerenooceans'uptake,therewouldbemuchmoreC02intheair.Thiswouldtrapmoreofthesun'sheatandfurtherwarmtheEarth.“Buttheproblemnowisthattheoceanischangingitschemistrybecauseofthisuptake,“saidteammemberClaudineHauri.OneofthebestwaystomeasureoceanacidificationistocollectC02measurements.Untilnow,thesecollectionsweremostlydonefromshipsorwithdevicesfloatingattheoceansurfaceorontheoceanfloor.Whatisprobablythispassage?A.Anadvertisement.B.Partofanewsreport.A.Anadvertisement.C.Partofasciencefiction.D.Atextfromachemistrytextbook.Whatdoweknowaboutaglider?Itmustbeusedtogetherwithfloatingdevices.Itisusedtomeasureoceanacidification.ItisusedtostopC02fromenteringtheocean.ItisusedtomeasureC02levelsintheair.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uptake“inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A.Theactofcoveringanarea.B.Theactofslowingsomethingdown.A.Theactofcoveringanarea.C.Theactoftakingsomethingin.D.Theactofkillingorharmingsomething.Whatistroublingthescientists?Theunderwaterdronecan，tswimbyitself.Thedronecanonlylastoneweekatatime.OceansarestoppingtakinginC02fromtheair.ToomuchC02ismakingitswayintooceans.DBeingsadorinalowmoodisanormal（正常的）partoflife.Manypeoplefeeldownfromtimetotime.Forexample,whenpeoplefacechallengingeventsintheirlives,suchasfinancial（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）difficultyormajorchanges,it'scommontofeeldown.Butinmostcasesthebadfeelingsslowlydisappear.Asfordepression（抑郁癥），however,thebadmoodlastsforweeks,months,oreverlongerbecauseitisamental（精神的）ilness.AstheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）noted,depressionisamooddisorder.Itshowsindifferentways,includinglossofinterestinnormalactivitiesandfeelingsoflowself-worth.Itoftenlastsforalongtimeandgreatlyharmsaperson，sabilityatworkorschoolorinthedailylife.Peoplewithdepressionusuallydon'tliketotalkabouttheirproblemswithothers.Moreseriously,depressionmayevenleadtotheactofkillingoneself.aDepressionisnotjustabout（?陣）ofsadnessorasignofweakness,andyoucan，.Butdepressionisnotaperson，sproblem.It'salsomorecommonthanmostpeoplethink.Itishurtingabout280millionpeoplearoundtheworld,accordingtoWHO.Thoughdepressionisworrying,wedon'thavetobeafraidofit.Depressioncanbetreatedbygettingprofessional（專(zhuān)業(yè)的）help,takingmedicineoramixedtreatmentofboth.Infact,whenyoubegintofeelthedangerofdepression,youcantrytodealwithitearlybyyourself.Listeningtomusic,doingsomesportsanddrawingsomepicturesmighthelpyoufeelbetter.Anotherusefulwayistalktherapy.Whenweareattackedbyalowmood,havingaconversationwithothersisofgreathelp.Beinghonestabouthowwefeeldoesnotmakeusweak;itmakesushuman.Whoismostprobablyexperiencingdepression?A.Lily,whoisgoingtohaveanimportantexamandhasn，tsleptwellfor3days.B.May,whodislikeshernewschoolandhascomplainedtoherparents3times.C.Ben,whothinkslifeworthlessandhascriedaloneover3timesaweekinthepastmonth.D.Tom,whofindssubjectshardandhastalkedtohisteacheraboutit3timesthisweek.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdepression?A.Normalandnothingserious.B.Uncommonalthoughharmful.C.Unavoidableanduntreatable.D.Treatablealthoughworrying.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Knowledgeofdepression.B.Waysoftreatingdepression.C.Reasonsfordepression.D.Resultsofdepression.四、還原句子（共4小題;每小題1.5分，滿分6分）閱讀下面短文從短文后所給的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出四個(gè)可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Lifeisfullofchoicesanddecisions.Herearesomestepstohelpyoumakewisedecisions.First,it'sbettertomakeadecisionquicklythanavoiditforamonthbecauseyou'reafraidofchoosing.37Also,somechoicesusuallyhavetimelimits.Sotokeepourbrainsfromgettingtootired,weneedn，tthinkaboutthecostofeverysinglechoice.Narrowdownthelistandtrycomparingonlythebesttwoorthree.Next,thinkaboutthevalueandcostofeachchoice.38Orbetteryet,createascorecard,onwhichyougiveoutbiggerpointvaluestowhatyouthinkismoreimportant.Thiswayyoucantellifonehugeadvantageismoreimportantthanagroupoflittledisadvantages.Then,staycalmandgiveyourselfsomespace.Youdon，twanttodelay（延遲）forweeks,butifyoureabouttomakeahasty（倉(cāng)促的）decision,youmayenduppickingsomethingyouregret.39Anditmighttakeyouafewdaysformajorchoices,likechoosingyouridealhighschool.40Why?Becauseit'sgoodtogetafreshwayofthinkingfromotherswhoarenotasworriedasyou.Considertheiropinions（觀點(diǎn)）eveniftheyarenotwhatyouwanttohear.Youneedtotakedifferentopinionsintoconsiderationsothatyouwillmakeawisedecision.You，11needatleastonenighttoasleeponit〃?Andyoudon，thavetomakeadecisionalone.C.Theyarethebestchancestoshowyourpersonality.Thesewaysoflettingoutwhatyouarefeelingarehelpful.It'sverytiringtothinkthingsoverbutfailtodecideintime.Todothat,youcanmakealistofadvantagesanddisadvantages.五、綜合填空(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填人一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Museumsplayabigroleinoursociety.Theyarealso(41)_importantclassroomforprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudents.Duringholidays,groupsofyoungmuseumguides(42) (see)everywhereinChangzhouMuseum.Since2011,ChangzhouMuseum(43) (carry)outmorethan100publictrainingactivitiesforvolunteerguides.InJuly,2021,Iwaschosen(44) (be)avolunteerguideinChangzhouMuseum.(45) itwasmyfirsttimetoservethere,Ididn，tknowwhattodo.Luckily,theteacherstheregavemanyinterestingtrainingclasses,including“PublicPlacesandManners","RedHistoryandRedCulture"andsoon.Iwasdeeplytouchedbythestoriesof(46)(pioneer)likeQuQiubaiandZhangTailei.Iwasimpressedthattheyhadrisked(47) (lose)theirlivestocreateanewChina.Inthefollowingmonth,Iguidedhundredsoftouristsanddidmyjob(48)(success).Thisexperiencehadagreatinfluence(49) me.Iknowmoreaboutmyhometownandthemeaningoflife.Ifeel(50) (pride)ofbeingavolunteerguidetohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutChangzhou.六、根據(jù)所給中文完成句子(共6小題;每小題15分，滿分9分).這些科學(xué)家們正在為我們打開(kāi)一個(gè)全新的世界.Thescientiststous..湯姆，你將在什么時(shí)候展示如何進(jìn)行垃圾分類(lèi)？ intodifferentgroups,Tom?.女足運(yùn)動(dòng)員們對(duì)自己要求非常嚴(yán)格，所以她們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。Womenfootballplayerswere..如果你放棄,你就會(huì)落后。You..西蒙，在公眾場(chǎng)所要降低你的嗓音。Simon,inpublicplaces..我們的城市和他們的一樣因優(yōu)美的環(huán)境而聞名。Ourcity.七、書(shū)面表達(dá)（共1題;滿分15分）某中學(xué)生英文報(bào)YourVoice欄目中有如下征文通知，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)篇英語(yǔ)文章投稿，談?wù)勀愕南敕āt'snotveryeasyforteenagerstomaketruefriends.Someofthemmakefriendsbyfollowingsuit（隨大流）.Thatmeanstheydothesameastheirfriends,suchasplayingonlinegamesorsayingbadwordsbehindothers,althoughthey，renotwillingto.Shareyourideasaboutthetopic.Isitwisetofollowsuitinordertomakefriends?Howcanteenagersmaketruefriends?Don'tforgettosupportyourideaswithyourexperienceasanexample.注意：.文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)；.詞數(shù)100左右;文章的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)人總詞數(shù)。Iwanttosharemyideasaboutthetopic.參考答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇1-5CADBC6-10CDABB二、完形填空11-15ACADB16-20ADABB21-22CD三、閱讀理解23-25CAD26-29ABAD30-33BBCD34-36CDB四、還原句子37-40AFEB五、綜合填空pioneers47.an42.areseen43.hascarried44.tobe45.Because/As46.losing48.successfully49.on50proud六、根據(jù)所給中文完成句子pioneers47.areopeningupawholenewworldWhenareyougoingtoshowushowtoseparatewasteverystrictwiththemselves,sotheyhavemadegreatprogresswillfallbehind,ifyougiveupkeepyourvoicedownisasfamousforitsbeautifulenvironmentastheirs七、書(shū)面表達(dá)略中考閱卷老師整理中考英語(yǔ)易混單詞詞組besides,except,exceptfor,but①besides是指"除……之外還（又）"，包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.②except是指"拋開(kāi)……不談”，不包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemaexcepthim.③exceptfor是指"除了"，不包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)，后面跟的詞與句子的主語(yǔ)不屬于同類(lèi)。Yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsomemistakes.④but常與every,any,all,none,no以及它們與one,thing,body,where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞等連用。有的已經(jīng)成為了慣用語(yǔ),如：allbut（幾乎,除……之外全部）,anythingbut（除……之外都）,nothingbut（只不過(guò)是……）.Thereisnothingbutacuponthetable.reach,arrivein/at,getto①reach+地點(diǎn)，意思是"到達(dá)"。②arrivein+大地方，arriveat+小地方，意思是"抵達(dá)、到達(dá)某地（尤指行程的終點(diǎn)）"。③getto+地點(diǎn)，意思是"到達(dá)"。注意：當(dāng)arrivein/at和getto后面跟的是地點(diǎn)副詞here,there,home等時(shí)，則省略介詞in/at/too當(dāng)只表明"到了"，而未表明地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用arrive.attheendof,intheend,bytheendof①attheendof指某段時(shí)間的結(jié)束或某段路程的終止處，意思是"在……結(jié)束時(shí)”，"在……盡頭”。Ourschoolheldasportsmeetingattheendoflastterm.Attheendofthisstreetyouwillfindabookshop.②intheend相當(dāng)于atlast,finally,意思是"最后，終于"。Intheend,theycaughtthethief.③bytheendof用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，意思是"到……末為止”。Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs.Thisquestionwillhavebeenansweredbytheendoftoday.it,one,that①it代替上文所提到的那個(gè)事物，一般指物，不指人。可以代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。復(fù)數(shù)形式是they或them。Ihave50yuan.Myunclegaveittomelastweek.②one代替上文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的單數(shù)名詞，以免重復(fù)。泛指代人或物。所指代的人或物屬于同類(lèi)事物中不同的一個(gè)，即替代的是一個(gè)帶有不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones.Ihavelostmyoldwatch.Thisisanewone.③that代替前面同類(lèi)不是同一的事物?？梢源鎲螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是those。that不可以代替表示人的名詞，它可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)義在后面加上一些定語(yǔ)，多數(shù)是of的短語(yǔ)；它的前面不能存在任何定語(yǔ)。Thewaterinwellsiscleanerthanthatintherivers.lookfor,lookup,find,findout①lookfor意思是"尋找"，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程。②lookup意思是"查找"，強(qiáng)調(diào)查字典、電話號(hào)碼。③find意思是"找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)"，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。④findout意思是"查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)，了解"，指的是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真觀察、調(diào)查或研究把某事或某物查出來(lái)、搞清楚，多用于復(fù)雜而不容易直接查出的情況。aswell,aswellas①aswell相當(dāng)于also,too,意思是"也，又"。常放在句子末尾，無(wú)需用逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。IamgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.②aswellas意思是"也，還"。常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。連接連個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致；翻譯時(shí)先翻譯后面，再翻譯前面。Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.ratherthan,insteadof,inplaceof①ratherthan和would連用時(shí)構(gòu)成wouldrather...than...,意思是"寧愿......而不愿……”的句式，表示主觀愿望，在兩者中擇一。Shewouldratherdiethanloseherchildren.②ratherthan不和would連用時(shí)，表示客觀事實(shí)，意思是"是……而不是…;與其......不如……"。它的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等等。ratherthan連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該和前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。ratherthan連接兩個(gè)不定式時(shí)，不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to。Heisanexplorerratherthanasailor.YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.③insteadof意思是"代替"，"做……而不做……”。Myparentsjustcalledme.FmafraidIhavetohavedinnerwiththeminsteadofshoppingwithyoutonight.@inplaceof意思是"代替"。著重強(qiáng)調(diào)一種物質(zhì)替換另一種物質(zhì)。Plasticsarenowoftenusedinplaceofwoodormetal.alive,living①alive意思是"活著的，有生命的"，和系動(dòng)詞be連用，著重表示一種狀態(tài)，作表語(yǔ)。Hewasstillaliveafterthecaraccident.②living意思是"有生命的，生活的"，在句子中作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞的前面或代詞的后面。Therearenolivingthingsonthemoon.say,speak,talk,tell①say+內(nèi)容(+語(yǔ)言),意思是"說(shuō)"。Saygoodbye/aword.SayitinEnglish,please.Canyouunderstandwhatshesaid.②speak+語(yǔ)言,意思是"講話"。WouldyouspeakChinese,please?Ican/tunderstandyou.③talk意思是"講話，談?wù)?，談?。talkto/with/aboutTheyweretalkingaboutafilmwhentheteachercamein.④tell意思是"告訴，講述"。tell+抽象的整體tellastorytellsth.tosb.tellsb.(about)sth.tellsb.(not)todosth.I*IItellherthenewsassoonasIseeher.beusedtodosth.,beusedtodoingsth.,usedtodosth.①beusedtodosth.是usesth.todosth.的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意思是"被用來(lái)做……".Nowadays,robotsareusedtodosomedangerousthingsinsteadofhumanbeings.②be/getusedtodoingsth.”習(xí)慣于做......",be/get是系動(dòng)詞，used是形容詞，to是介詞。Themanwasusedtolivinginthecountryside.③usedtodosth."過(guò)去常常做......".befamousfor,befamousas①befamousfor相當(dāng)于beknownfor,意思是"以……而聞名"。Thetownisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.②befamousas意思是"作為……出名；以……身份而聞名"。JayChouisfamousasasinger.watchsbdosth.,watchsbdoingsth.①watchsbdosth意思是"看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)"，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。Iwatchthethiefstealthebookfromthedesk.Didshewatchthechildrencrosstheroad?②watchsbdoingsth意思是"看見(jiàn)某人正在做……"。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Iwatchthethiefstealingthebookfromthedesk.Shewatchedthechildrencrossingtheroad.③類(lèi)似用法的詞有see,hear等。cross,across,through①cross是動(dòng)詞，across和through是介詞。Theycrossedtheriverbytheboat②across意思是"橫穿，橫過(guò)"，指的是從物體的表面上穿過(guò)。Iswamacrosstheriver20yearsago.③through意思是"貫通，直穿，透過(guò)"，指的是立體空間中的穿過(guò)。Theywalkedslowlythroughthewoods.Thesunshineshoneinthebedroomthroughthewindow.inaway,inthisway,bytheway,ontheway①inaway意思是"在某種程度上；在某種意義上"。Inaway,itisagoodbook.②inthisway意思是"用這種辦法"。Inthisway,youcanspeakEnglishwell.③ontheway意思是"在路上，在途中"。Onthewayhomemyfathertoldmeastory.④bytheway意思是"順便說(shuō)"。Bytheway,haveyouseenthefilmbefore?stoptodosth.,stopdoingsth.①stoptod。sth.意思是"停下來(lái)去做某事"。Assoonastheteacherleft,studentsstoppedtotalk.②stopdoingsth.意思是"停止做某事"。Thestudentsstoppedtalkingassoonastheysawtheteacher.③stop...fromdoingsth.意思是"阻止 做 ”。Pleasestopthemfromplayingfire.takepartin,joinin,join①takepartin意思是"參加"，指的是參加群眾性活動(dòng)或會(huì)議，并在其中起一定的作用。Thesedays,studentstakepartinmanyactivities.②join意思是"參加，加入"，指的是加入組織、團(tuán)體、黨派等，成為其中的一員。Hejoinedthearmyin1998andjoinedthePartythenextyear.③joinin意思是"參加某活動(dòng)"，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)一般是表示競(jìng)賽、游戲、娛樂(lè)等活動(dòng)的名詞，常用搭配joinsb.in(doing)sth.Everyoneshouldjoininthegame.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith①befamiliarto意思是"某事對(duì)某人是熟悉的"，主語(yǔ)一定是sth.。Yournameisveryfamiliartome.②befamiliarwith意思是"某人對(duì)某事是精通的、熟悉的"，主語(yǔ)一定是sb.。Hehasbecomefamiliarwiththecity.havegoneto,havebeento,havebeenin①havegoneto意思是"去了"，可能在途中或在目的地，人還沒(méi)回來(lái)。MyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiandwillbebackinaweek.②havebeento意思是"到過(guò)"，曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。HehasbeentoShanghait