動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)2022高考復(fù)習(xí)之語法透析01知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖過去將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：should/woulddo一般過去時(shí)構(gòu)成：did時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：ago,lastweek,onceuponatime,theotherday一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：do/does時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：nowandthen,sometimes,often，usually等一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：willdo時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：將來的時(shí)間，in+時(shí)間過去進(jìn)行構(gòu)成：was/weredoing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：am/is/aredoing時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：now,rightnow,atthismoment將來進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：shall/willbedoing過去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：haddone時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，by+過去時(shí)間(bythen,bytheendof2010,bythetime)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：have/hasdone時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：lately,recently,inthelast/pastdays/years,since,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,over+時(shí)間段，by+現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間將來完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：willhavedone時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：by+將來的時(shí)間過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：hadbeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：have/hasbeendoingPastnowFuture一般體進(jìn)行體完成體完成進(jìn)行體02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.歲月不等人。(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)，多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。Icefeelscold.Theseorangestastegood.Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.02考點(diǎn)精析(3)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a．m.andendsat3：30p．m.Theshopclosesat11：00p．m.everyday.(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I'llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.Ifshecomesthisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.02考點(diǎn)精析2.一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的具體時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday、lastmonth、justnow、theotherday、threedaysago、in1989等。TheotherdayIcameacrossanoldfriendonthetopofMountTai.Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.Ididn'texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrary.02考點(diǎn)精析(2)上下文語境中，暗含有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't.(3)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutthenewsassoonashemether.(4)表達(dá)“原以為、原希望”等意義時(shí)，know、think、expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。Muchtomydisappointment,thefilmisnotasmovingasIexpected.02考點(diǎn)精析(5)常見句型：①“Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.”意為“是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了。”Itishightimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.②“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...didsth.意為“自從……做某事已經(jīng)……了?！盇sfarasIknow，itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.③“would/hadrathersb.didsth.”意為“寧愿某人做某事”I'dratheryoustayedathometoday.02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。Heisworkingonapaper.(2)表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。SheisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.02考點(diǎn)精析(3)go、come、leave、start、takeoff、arriveat、runout等位移動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。WeareleavingforShanghaionFriday.(4)與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublic.Hergrouparealwaysblamingeachother.It'sawful,isn'tit?02考點(diǎn)精析下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like、love、hate、care、remember、believe、want、mind、wish、agree、mean、need等；(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear、exist、lie、remain、seem、belongto等；(3)表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow、accept、permit、promise、admit、complete等；(4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see、hear、notice、feel、smell、sound、taste、look等。02考點(diǎn)精析2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.(2)表示過去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.(3)表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有此用法的動(dòng)詞往往為位移動(dòng)詞，如go、begin、leave、arrive、come、return等。Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.02考點(diǎn)精析3.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽光。02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，截止到目前已經(jīng)完成或者對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響。常見的時(shí)間狀語：①表示“到目前為止”的短語：sofar、byfar、uptonow、tillnow、bynow等；②表示“最近的”副詞或者相關(guān)短語：lately、recently、inrecentyears等；02考點(diǎn)精析③表示“在過去……時(shí)間內(nèi)”的短語：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months、weeks...)等；④表示“自從”的短語：eversince、since＋過去的時(shí)間。Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.Hemovedherein2016andhehaslivedhereeversince.02考點(diǎn)精析(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.當(dāng)你讀完這本書時(shí)請(qǐng)把它歸還給我。Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment，youwillrealizethetheorybetter.如果你做了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，你就會(huì)更好地理解這個(gè)理論。02考點(diǎn)精析(3)常見句型：①“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...”意為“自從……已經(jīng)多久了”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.②“This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third/...timethat...”意為“這/那是……第一/二/三/……次……”，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.③“Thisis＋the＋形容詞的最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.02考點(diǎn)精析注意避免思維定勢(shì)：“for＋時(shí)間段”不一定是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。一定要看語境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系”(一般過去時(shí))，還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長時(shí)間或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有一定影響”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.02考點(diǎn)精析2.過去完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，截止到過去已經(jīng)完成。常見的時(shí)間狀語：by＋過去的時(shí)間(bytheendof、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語)。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20，000cars.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hissonhadalreadygraduatedfromcollege.02考點(diǎn)精析(2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。Wehadplannedtofinishtheworkbeforedark，butwewereheldupbyaheavyrain.Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.02考點(diǎn)精析(3)常見句型：①“Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat...”意為“這是第一/二……次……”ItwasthesecondtimethathehadvisitedBeijing.②在“hardly/scarcely...when...、nosooner...than...”句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，意為“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly、scarcely、nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.＝Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.＝HardlyhadIopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.02考點(diǎn)精析3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butthere'snoanswer.02考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)四一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)1.一般將來時(shí)(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow、nextweek等。Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(2)begoingtodo在口語中常用來表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能發(fā)生的事，也可用來表示自然現(xiàn)象。Lookatthecloud.Itisgoingtorain.02考點(diǎn)精析(3)betodosth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事，或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.(4)beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。Thetrainisabouttoleave.02考點(diǎn)精析2.過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常用一般過去時(shí)。Healwayssaidthathewouldstudyhardatthattime.他總是說他那時(shí)會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)。03方法解讀方法一慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞時(shí)間狀語就是辨別和確認(rèn)時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞。Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BCE.Inthelastfewyears,China____________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.hadbecome

hasmade03方法解讀方法二細(xì)心辨語境，瞻前顧后找并列1.細(xì)心辨語境：題干中沒有給出具體的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析設(shè)空處所在句的前后(從)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及順序，確定所填謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。2.瞻前顧后找并列：(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and、but、or、ratherthan、neither...nor...、notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式確定所填謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；(2)同一個(gè)主語連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。03方法解讀方法二細(xì)心辨語境，瞻前顧后找并列1.Therealreasonwhyprices____________(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.2.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe____________(be)afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.3.—IsPetercoming?—No,he____________(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.4.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomI____________(notsee)foryears.werewasgoingtobechangedhadn’tseen03方法解讀方法三固定句式要記牢英語中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類句式，考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。1.Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.has/havedone...2.Itwasthefirst/second/...timethatsb.haddone...3.Sb.was/weredoingsth.when...did...4.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.donesth.when...did...5.Sb.beabouttodosth.when...did...6.It's(high)timethatsb.didsth./shoulddosth.03方法解讀方法三固定句式要記牢ItisthefirsttimethatI____________(be)toBeijing.havebeen04演練提升1.Byabout6,000BC，people____________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.2.The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample,____________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.3.TheunmannedChang'e－4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—____________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.haddiscovered