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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯和語(yǔ)法大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯和語(yǔ)法大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯和語(yǔ)法資料僅供參考文件編號(hào):2022年4月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯和語(yǔ)法版本號(hào):A修改號(hào):1頁(yè)次:1.0審核:批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期: 應(yīng)用能力考試漢譯英講義 一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序(一)漢譯英應(yīng)試原則手法靈活(如遇難譯之處,換用其它相近說(shuō)法表達(dá))語(yǔ)法正確(避免時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤)內(nèi)容忠實(shí)(必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái),不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪)語(yǔ)言閃光(譯文符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣)(二)漢譯英基本程序1.理解通讀并透徹理解原文含義2.翻譯確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞3.審校首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容,是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次,檢查是否有語(yǔ)言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤,如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,及時(shí)改正。二、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1) ForceN1_______________(比力N2大2.5倍).2) Thissubstance_______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).3) Theearth_______________(是月球大小的49倍).4) Thelandlord_______________(想將租金提高三分之一).5) They_______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).二、時(shí)態(tài)1) Bequick,_______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).2) Whenshegothome,_______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).3) WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷).5) Doyouoftengoonholiday

_______________(不,我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了).

6) HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001._______________(他參軍已五年了).三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1) Theblackboardandchalk_______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).2) Thebook_______________(到今年年底就將已出版).3) Computermodels_______________(可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式). 4) Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,_______________(我驚呆了,價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandystorms.四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) Thephoneisringing,_______________(但是沒(méi)人接聽(tīng)。她一定不在家).2) Ican’tfindmysunglasses._______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3) Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight._______________(你一定夢(mèng)見(jiàn)什么可怕的東西了).4) It’sapity._______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1) Iwish_______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).2) Ifonly_______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)!Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.3) ——Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?——I’dratherhe_______________(漆成藍(lán)色的,而且不帶任何裝飾).4) It’shightimethat_______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題).5) Hughusuallytalks_______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的).6) Weinsistthat_______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).7) Itwasadvisedthat_______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).8) Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題).9) Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat_______________(取消期中考試).10) Itisridiculousthat_______________(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水).11) Itisessentialthat_______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.13) Iwastohavemadeaspeech_______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).14) Itdidn’trainlastnight._______________(要是下了,地就會(huì)濕的).15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約),IwouldknowtheU.S.wellnow.16) Ifthedoctorhadnotcomeintime,_______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).17) Butforhishelp,_______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).18) Iusedmycalculator;_______________(否則,我會(huì)花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).19) WereIinyourplace,_______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).20) Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).21) Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,_______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).22) Hewalkedlightly_______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).六、不定式1) Itwasagreatachievement_______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).2) Itisnecessary_______________(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X(jué)).3) Itisgenerous_______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).4) Theteacherdecided_______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).5) Mr.Greenwaswondering_______________(是否去看望在法國(guó)的兒子).6) Thegardener_______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).7) We_______________(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).8) Hefeelsitchallenging_______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).9) Wehopetohavemoreopportunities_______________(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).10) Thebadweather_______________(破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).11) Theenvironmentalistsareagainst_______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).12) SallyRidewasthefirst_______________(探索外部空間的美國(guó)婦女).13) Theyliftedarock_______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).14) Hewassurprised_______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).15) Iamsorry_______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).16) Ihappened_______________(在他沖進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候站在門口).17) Shedoesn’tlike_______________(被當(dāng)作客人).18) Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you’dbetter_______________(到校園書店買舊書).19) Wedidnothing_______________(除了整天打橋牌).20) Weweremade_______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).七、分詞1) ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard_______________(用意大利語(yǔ)唱“祝你生日快樂(lè)”).2) Thecars_______________(停在消防通道的)willbeticketed.3) Thewarwentonforyears,_______________(奪去了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命).4) Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).5) Einsteinwatchedthetoyindelight,_______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書),westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了),theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來(lái)看),Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.9) _______________(好久沒(méi)有收到父母的來(lái)信了),hewasworriedaboutthem.八、動(dòng)名詞1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡)doeshimalotofgood.2) Theytriedtoavoid_______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).3) Developingvarietiesisthekeyto_______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)).4) Itisnouse_______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).5) Hedenied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).6) Wecongratulatedheron_______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1) Successmeans_______________(非常努力地工作).2) Johnmeant_______________(開(kāi)車去那兒,但他的車出了故障).3) Iheardhim_______________(在跟他的母親談話).4) Iheardhim_______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).5) Hejumpedintothepooltosavethechild_______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).6) Hejumpedfromtheburninghouse,_______________(摔斷了雙腿).7) Hewashappy_______________(看到父母很健康).8) _______________(看到父母安然無(wú)恙),heissuedasighofrelief.9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印),thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.10) Thepop,_______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢),cametomeethisfans.十、名詞從句1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去云南)isstillasecret.2) _______________(最讓我不解的)wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.3) _______________(這么做是故意的)becameobvious.4) Itisnotclearyet_______________(誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).5) Itisnoneofyourbusiness_______________(瑪麗與誰(shuí)訂婚).6) Don’tputofftilltomorrow_______________(今天能做的事).7) Thisnovelisjust_______________(我一直在尋找的).8) Itisnotyetknown_______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物)isnotcleartome.10) Mymainproblemrightnowis_______________(我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).11) Italldependson_______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).12) Youhaveyettoanswermyquestion_______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).13) Finally,theworkersgotananswer_______________(政府做不了什么事來(lái)提高他們工資).14) Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty_______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).十一、定語(yǔ)從句1) Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).2) Theoldladydied_______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).3) Thisis_______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).4) LetABCbe_______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長(zhǎng)的三角形).5) Someoftheroadswereflooded,_______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).6) Heintroducedmetohisstudents,_______________(他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生).7) _______________(眾所周知),waterisaliquid. 十二、狀語(yǔ)從句1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?,Jimbringspolitiesintothediscussion.2) _______________(不管哪一方獲勝),Ishallbesatisfied.3) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他),thecomedianalwayshadaquick,sharpreply.4) Weclimbedhigh_______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).5) Theproblemsoverycomplicated_______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).6) Youcangoout_______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).7) Irememberthewholething_______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1) Doesshedance_______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)2) Thebuildingslook_______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).3) Thisis_______________(他畫的最好的畫之一).4) Thehigheryouclimb,_______________(空氣就越稀薄).十四、倒裝句1) Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep_______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).2) NosoonerhadAnnearrived_______________(就生病了).3) Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor._______________(他妻子也沒(méi)說(shuō)一句歡迎的話).4) Onlythen_______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).5) Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice_______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praisesallthatisprogressive.3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.4) _______________(人們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)正是Jim這個(gè)無(wú)情的家伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.5) _______________(直到我告訴她)Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.三、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1) is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than) 2) reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as) 3) is49timesthesizeofthemoon(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù)+名詞) 4) wantstoraisetherentbyathird(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞+by+數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)) 5) plantodoubletheirinvestment(考點(diǎn):double+名詞) 二、時(shí)態(tài)1) ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch(考點(diǎn):將來(lái)完成時(shí))2) thechildrenhadfallenasleep(考點(diǎn):過(guò)去完成時(shí))3) mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside(考點(diǎn):將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)) 4) havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning(考點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)) 5) No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday(考點(diǎn):Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth.表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了) 6) Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years(考點(diǎn):1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間) 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1) isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector(考點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)) 2) willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear(考點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)) 3) canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork(考點(diǎn):1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用;2.漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng),要譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 4) Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated(考點(diǎn):同“3”的考點(diǎn)2) 5) Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately(考點(diǎn):漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句通常翻譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome(考點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性,can’t表示“一定不”) 2) Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷) 3) Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible(考點(diǎn):同上) 4) Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/oughtto+havedone”用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作,含有批評(píng)的意思) 5) Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論,認(rèn)為“無(wú)須發(fā)生”,“不必做”) 五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1) IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung(考點(diǎn):Iwish后的that從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)2) hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable(考點(diǎn):Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”,用法與Iwish…基本相同) 3) painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations(考點(diǎn):wouldrather后的that從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí)) 4) measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams(考點(diǎn):It’s(about/high)time后的that從句中用過(guò)去式,表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”)5) asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly(考點(diǎn):asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑) 6) Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虛擬形式) 7) moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虛擬形式) 8) they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虛擬形式)9) themid-termexams(should)becanceled(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虛擬形式)[表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞還有:allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等]10) we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining(考點(diǎn):在Itis/was+形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有:advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等) 11) everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency(考點(diǎn):同上) 12) IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反) 13) ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted(考點(diǎn):同上) 14) Ifithadrained,thegroundwouldbewet(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中,當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式) 15) IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork(考點(diǎn):同上) 16) hewouldbedeadnow(考點(diǎn):同上) 17) wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice(考點(diǎn):butfor經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ)) 18) otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion(考點(diǎn):otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ)) 19) Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were,had,should這三個(gè)詞,可以省去if,采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件) 20) thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier(考點(diǎn):同上) 21) thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy(考點(diǎn):同上) 22) lestheshouldawakenthebaby(考點(diǎn):lest(以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虛擬) 六、不定式1) tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months(考點(diǎn):不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首代替不定式,而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ)后面) 2) forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest(考點(diǎn):有時(shí)用“介詞for+代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是事情,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有:necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等) 3) ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea(考點(diǎn):有時(shí)用“介詞of+代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是人,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有:absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等) 4) nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass(考點(diǎn):1.用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語(yǔ);2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)(能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish)5) whethertovisittheirsoninFrance(考點(diǎn):“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語(yǔ)。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等) 6) warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon(考點(diǎn):不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) 7) invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart(考點(diǎn):同上)(能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,informinvite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注:劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to) 8) tobethechairmanofstudents’unioninsolargeauniversity(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式。it是形式賓語(yǔ),不定式是真正賓語(yǔ)) 9) toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice(考點(diǎn):不定式作定語(yǔ))(不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語(yǔ):ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等) 10) ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair(考點(diǎn):同上) 11) thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs(考點(diǎn):同上) 12) Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace(考點(diǎn):由only,last,next,序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)) 13) onlytodropitontheirownfeet(考點(diǎn):不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)) 14) tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage(考點(diǎn):不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)) 15) tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime(考點(diǎn):1.不定式作原因狀語(yǔ);2.不定式的完成時(shí)) 16) tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin(考點(diǎn):不定式的進(jìn)行式) 17) tobetreatedasaguest(考點(diǎn):不定式的被動(dòng)形式) 18) gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks(考點(diǎn):不帶to的不定式) 19) butplaybridgethewholeday(考點(diǎn):同上)20) towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom(考點(diǎn):當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see,make,hear等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式要保留to)七、分詞1) “Happybirthdaytoyou”sunginItalian(考點(diǎn):分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))(catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))2) parkedinthefirelane(考點(diǎn):分詞作定語(yǔ))3) killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople(考點(diǎn):分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))4) raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent(考點(diǎn):同上)5) tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple(考點(diǎn):分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))6) Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook(考點(diǎn):分詞作原因狀語(yǔ))7) Deeplymovedbytheboy’sdeeds(考點(diǎn):同上)8) Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend(考點(diǎn):分詞作方式狀語(yǔ))9) Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime(考點(diǎn):1.分詞作原因狀語(yǔ);2.分詞的否定形式;3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)八、動(dòng)名詞1) Takingacoldbatheveryday(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))2) makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn’tliketodo(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))(下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式:admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,can’thelp,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,can’tstand,stop,suggest)3) gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ))4) cryingoverspilledmilk(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用:beworth,havedifficulty(in),itbenogood/use/worthwhile,therebenoneed/nopointin,how/whatabout,what’sthepointof,what’stheuseof)5) havingpeekedathisneighbor’stestpaper(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞的完成式)6) beingpromotedtomanager(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1) workingveryhard.(考點(diǎn):mean表示“意味著”)2) todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown(考點(diǎn):mean表示“打算”)(類似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有forget,remember,regret,goon,stop等)3) talkingtohismother(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行)4) talktohismotherforanhour(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程)5) onlytobreakhisownleg(考點(diǎn):意料之外的結(jié)果)6) breakinghislegs(考點(diǎn):意料之中的結(jié)果)7) toseehisparentsingoodhealth(考點(diǎn):不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句末)8) Seeinghisparentssafeandsound(考點(diǎn):分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首)9) Followingitsfootprints(考點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng))10) followedbytwobodyguards(考點(diǎn):過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng))十、名詞從句1) WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan(考點(diǎn):主語(yǔ)從句)2) Whatconfusedmemost(考點(diǎn):同上)3) Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose(考點(diǎn):同上)4) whoshouldberesponsibleforthismatter(考點(diǎn):較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置,用it作形式主語(yǔ))5) whomMaryisengagedto(考點(diǎn):同上)6) whatcanbedonetoday(考點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句)7) whatIhavebeenlookingfor(考點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句)8) whether/ifrobotswillo

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