虛擬語氣知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖虛擬許氣川丁殺件句-條*1句的分賓-用袪謹(jǐn)擬樂件3甜綜時(shí)間杲件句骨蓄毎件仁虛擬茶州5屮的倒裝和普略虛擬嘗氣的丄法真實(shí)議件仏康扭訂T用于1Z記從句廊擬語氣的瓦宣川法-傕風(fēng)語吒用丁隹語從句用凰語P肝語從句0處擬沾汽用于喪記賦句r同位體從句餓摳語汽的貝它用法虛擬語氣的定義：虛擬語氣表示說話人的某種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)和建議等，表示的是純屬假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大的情況。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來的。虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣用于條件句（條件狀語從句）條件句的分類條件句可以分為兩種：真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句。真實(shí)條件句是一種可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件句，且實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性非常大。在條件句中常用表示現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)代替表示將來的時(shí)態(tài)。IfIhavetime,I'llcomeovertoseeyou.虛擬條件句是一種表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小的條件句。其謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。IfIhadtime,Ishould/would/couldcomeovertoseeyou.用法虛擬語氣條件從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去的事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來的事實(shí)相反1）一般過去時(shí)（be用were）2）should+動(dòng)詞原形3）wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iftherewerenomusic,theworldwouldbeverydull.表示與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句用“had+過去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞”。IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavepickyouupattheairport表示與將來的事實(shí)相反，條件從句用一般過去時(shí)、should/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形，主句用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn'tgoout.辨析：真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句的區(qū)別IfIamnotbusy,Iwillgotothepartywithyou.（真實(shí)條件句）IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldgothepartywithyou.（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）IfIhadn'tbeenbusy,Iwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.（對(duì)過去的虛擬）IfIshouldn'tbebusy,Iwouldgotothepartywithyou.（對(duì)將來的虛擬）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（混合虛擬語氣）有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣或混合虛擬語氣，此時(shí)主、從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)各自發(fā)生的時(shí)間采用相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣形式。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvicethen,youwouldn'tbeintroublenow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavechosentotakethejob.含蓄條件句（含蓄虛擬語氣）有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過條件從句表達(dá)出來（if等引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)），而是隱藏在某些詞或某些短語中。女口：without,butfor,butthat,incaseof,incase,supposing,forfearthat,otherwise,or等，或隱含在上下文中，這種句式叫含蓄條件句。Without/Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavepassedthetest.=Ifyouhadn'thelpedme,Iwouldn'thavepassedthetest.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.Hewasnotpresent,otherwise,hewouldhavehelpedus.虛擬條件句中的倒裝和省略當(dāng)訐引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中動(dòng)詞含有should,had,were時(shí)，可以把should,had,were放在句首，省略訐。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.=Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifwehadknownaboutitearlier,wecouldhavewarnedpeopleofthedanger.=Hadweknownaboutitearlier,wecouldhavewarnedpeopleofthedanger.Ifshewerehere,shewouldcometohelpus.=Wereshehere,shewouldcometohelpus.注：若省略的條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.(X)Werenotitfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.虛擬語氣的其它用法虛擬語氣用于主語從句虛擬語氣用在主語從句時(shí)，表示驚訝、不相信、惋惜等情緒，主語從句的常見句式有：“Itis/was+形容詞+that+sb+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”句式。常見的此類形容詞有：necessary,essential,impossible,natural,strange,proper,appropriate等。Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.Itisstrangethattourists(should)nevervisitthisplace.“Itis/was+名詞或名詞短語+that+sb+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”句式。常見的名詞或名詞短語有：apity,ashame,anhonor,asurprise,nowonder等。Itisnowonderthatwe(should)missthetrain.Itwasasurprisethathe(should)comesoearly.“Itis/was+過去分詞+that+sb+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”句式。常見的過去分詞有：suggested,requested,required,ordered,decided等。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.Itisadvisedthatone(should)takeplentyofboiledwater.注：主語從句中若不表示驚訝、不相信、惋惜等情緒，可使用陳述語氣。Itiswrongthatyoudidn'tthrowthetrashintothebin.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)，表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí)。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)IwishIweretenyearsyounger.用過去完成時(shí)，表示與過去相反的事實(shí)。(對(duì)過去的虛擬)Iwishyouhadcometothelecture.用would/could/+動(dòng)詞原形，表示與將來相反的事實(shí)。(對(duì)將來的虛擬)IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.在wouldrather后的賓語從句中，用一般過去時(shí)，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾吹氖聦?shí)。I'dratherwehadarestnow.I'dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.用過去完成時(shí)，表示與過去相反的事實(shí)。I'dratheryouhadn'ttoldmeaboutit.虛擬語氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的賓語從句中，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形"，MyfathersuggeststhatI(should)takeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.HeinsistedthatI(should)cometohisofficeatoneo'clock.注：insist作“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，suggest作“暗示，表明”講時(shí)，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Theboyinsiststhatheliftstheboxbyhimself.Hisattitudesuggeststhatheisn'treallyinterested.虛擬語氣用于定語從句中虛擬語氣可用于定語從句中，這種用法常見于Itis(high)time(that)...句型。that從句后用一般過去時(shí)或“should+動(dòng)詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“…的時(shí)間到了"，其中should不可省略。It'stimethatIshouldgotopickupmydaughteratschool.It'shightimethatwewenttoschool.虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句在表示命令、建議、要求的名詞，女口advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?虛擬語氣的其它用法虛擬語氣用于asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)表示與過去相反的事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。(對(duì)過去的虛擬)表示對(duì)將來相反的事實(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形。(對(duì)將來的虛擬)Itlookedasifshehadseenaghost.Itseemsasifshehadbeentothemoonmanytimes.Theinjuredmanactedasifnothinghadhappened.Theyoungmanwithlonghairwalksas訐hewereagirl.注：asif/though后的從句也常用陳述語氣，這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的或可能被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。Itlooksas訐itisgoingtorain.虛擬語氣用于evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句evenif/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。

Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.表示與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句用“had+過去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞”。EvenifIhadbeenverybusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyouout.表示與將來的事實(shí)相反，條件從句用一般過去時(shí)、should/wereto+表示與將來的事實(shí)相反，條件從句用一般過去時(shí)、should/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。C.虛擬語氣用于訐only句型訐only后跟虛擬語氣意為“要是…C.虛擬語氣用于訐only句型訐only后跟虛擬語氣意為“要是…就好了”。表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）表示與過去相反的事實(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。（對(duì)過去的虛擬）表示對(duì)將來相反的事實(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用would+動(dòng)詞原形。（對(duì)將來的虛擬）IfonlyIhadadog,Iwouldn'tbesolonely.IfonlyIhadcometothepartyyesterday.Ifonlyshewouldlistentomecarefully.注:表示對(duì)將來相反的事實(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用would+動(dòng)詞原形。（對(duì)將來的虛擬）IfonlyIhadadog,Iwouldn'tbesolonely.IfonlyIhadcometothepartyyesterday.Ifonlyshewouldlistentomecarefully.注:whatif“要是…怎么辦”后面加從句也要用虛擬語氣。WhatifIshouldfail?=WhatshouldIdo訐Ishouldfail.D.虛擬語氣用于目的狀語從句D.虛擬語氣用于目的狀語從句inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,i