廈門大物理化學(xué)（一（雙語班）試化學(xué)化工學(xué)院化學(xué)2005年級化學(xué)專主考教師： （A一、選擇(110小題20 將固體NH4HCO3(s)放入真空容器中，恒溫到400K，NH4HCO3按下式分解并達(dá)到平衡:NH4HCO3(s)=NH3(g)+H2O(g)+體系的組分?jǐn)?shù)C和自由度數(shù)f為 C=2，f=C=2，f=C=1，f=C=3，f= a點(diǎn)是假想的參考點(diǎn),xA=1,AAAAc點(diǎn)符合定律,fA=f*x=fAAAAd點(diǎn)符合定律,fB=f*x=fe

BBB（4）. 等溫等壓下完全互溶的雙液系與其平衡共存的氣相為理想混合氣體，不成立的關(guān)系式是： xAdμA+xBdμB=xAdlnpA+xBdlnpB=dUA,m=-(xB/xA)(lnpA/lnxB)T= 373.15K 101.325101.325101.325 （A）高壓低 （B）低壓低（C）高壓高 H2O-KNO3-NaNO3的相圖如下,則BEC相區(qū)內(nèi)是 KNO3,NaNO3E Δmix (B)Δmix(C)Δmix (D)Δmix 298K,p下,兩瓶含萘的苯溶液,2dm3(0.5mol萘),1dm3(0.25 μ1= μ1= μ1=(1/2) 二、計(jì)算(5題552．10Afactoryproposestousetoluenecontaminatedwithbenzeneasapaintstripper（涂層消除劑）.Iftheumpermissibleconcentrationofbenzeneintheairis40partspermillion(4×10-5)byvolume, umweightpercentageofbenzenethatcanbetoleratedinthetolueneassumingthatthestripiscarriedoutat20inanunventilated不通氣)room.P*（benzene,20℃）=9956Pa.(Inanunventilatedroom,thefactoryworkersarealsoindangerfromthetoluenewhichhassomeshorttermnarcotic(麻醉effectshoweveritlacksthelongtermirreversibleeffectsofbenzene.)3.10某濱海區(qū)水中含可溶性鹽以NaCl為主,用冰點(diǎn)下降測得水的冰點(diǎn)為272.50K300.15K時，如用下圖裝置進(jìn)行反滲透淡化水,至少需加多大壓力如果只考慮NaCl,計(jì)算水的礦化度,以kgm-3表示。Kf=1.86Kkgmol-1,NaCl0.02298kgmol-1,0.03545kgmol-1。礦化度是指每m3咸水中含多少千克NaCl。4.15323K時，醋酸(a)和苯(b)RaoultxA=0.6604ABHenryB求出298K時上述組分的超額自由能和混合自由能5.10Priortothediscoverythatfreon-12(CF2Cl2)washarmfultotheEarth’sozonelayer,itwasfrequentlyusedasthedispersingagent（分散劑）inspraycansforhairsprayetc.Itsenthalpyofvaporizationatitsnormalboilingpointof–29.2is20.25kJmol-1.Estimatethepressurethatacanofhairsprayusingfreon-12hadtoat40℃,thetemperatureofacanthathasbeenstandinginsunlight.Assume

vapHisaconstantovertemperaturerangeinvolvedandequaltoitsvalueat6.10Inthegassaturationmethod’（飽和氣流法）forthemeasurementofvapourpressure,avolumeVofgas(asmeasuredatatemperatureTandapressurep)isbubbledslowlythroughtheliquid,whichismaintainedatthetemperatureT,andamasslossmismeasured.Thevapourpressureofgeraniol（香葉醛，M=154.2gmol-1）,whichisacomponentofoilofroses,wasmeasuredat100℃.Itwasfoundthat,when5.00Lofnitrogenatpwaspassedslowlythroughtheheatedliquid,thelossofmasswas0.30g.CalculatethevapourpressureofWhenavolumeof at100℃andpwaspassedslowlythroughtheheatedliquid,whatistheofthegeranialand

woil2wH2三、問答(2題（25+5）7.15Thebismuth-cadmiumphasediagramisofinterestinmetallurgy,anditsgeneralformcanbeestimatedfromexpressionsforthedepressionofthefreezingpoint.ConstructthediagramusingthefollowingTf(Bi)=544.5K,

H(Bi)=10.88kJmol-1

H(Cd)=6.07kJmol-1.Theeutecticis403K.Themetalsaremutuallyinsolubleassolids.Usethephasediagramtostatewhatwouldbewhenaliquidof

x(Bi)

iscooledslowlyfrom550K