高三閱讀指導(dǎo)會(huì)理一中趙仕軒--在句、篇中猜詞單句猜詞技巧SECTIONONE1、根據(jù)定義或解釋說(shuō)明進(jìn)行推斷：①.Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.

（木匠）②.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.

（蚊子）

③.Marinebiology,thestudyofoceanicplantsandanimalsandtheirrelationship,hasfurtheredtheefficientdevelopmentoffisheries.（海洋生物學(xué)）2、憑借熟知的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷：①.Thebathingmachinestoppedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater.

（洗澡的人）②.Agroupofvisitorslosttheirwayintheforest,andachildtookthemofftoanimpracticableroad.

（不能實(shí)行的，行不通的）

③.Thecaptainsenthisonlysontothefrontandhewashighlypraisedforhisunselfishness.（無(wú)私）3、根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系推斷：要注意表對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的副詞或連詞，如：but,though,still,yet,however,instead,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary等。①.Heisusuallypromptforallhisclasses,buttodayhewaslateforthetrafficjam.

（準(zhǔn)時(shí)的）②.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

（臟的）

③.Theboyisnotfoolish,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.（聰明的，有才智的）4、通過(guò)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷：①.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.

（有彈性的）②.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

（渾濁的）

③.Heissuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.（精明的，厲害的）5、根據(jù)同義線索或同等關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷：①.Whenevertherewasathickfoginthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusuallywrotethereason“Delayedbyfog”andtheneveryoneelseafterthatjustput“dito”below.

（同上）②.IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.

（建筑物或場(chǎng)所）

6、根據(jù)上下文的相互關(guān)系關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷：①.Shu

Pulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(傷口)thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.…“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.

（職業(yè)，工作）②.Herbodywascarriedinthehearseandpeoplefollowedittothegraveyard.

（柩車）

7、根據(jù)常識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推斷：①.Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookoutamop.Shepushedpastthedeskandasthenurselookedup,Mumnoddedandsaid,“Verydirtyfloors.”

（拖把）②.Waterusuallyboilsatonehundreddegreescentigrade.

（攝氏）

8、同義詞猜義：①.Thefootballplayerwaspenalizedforunnecessaryroughnessandthepunishmentwasagoodlessonforhim.

（懲罰）②.Herepliedquickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.

（hasty與quick同義）

③.Theoldwomanhadastrangehabit.Shekeptover100catsinherhouse.Herneighboursallcalledhereccentriclady.（eccentric與strange同義）9、反義詞猜義：①.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyhandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely.

（homely與handsome是反義詞，意為“容貌不好看的”）②.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.

（deteriorate與getbetter相反，意為“惡化；變壞”）

10、根據(jù)定義猜詞：①.Jimjusthummedthetuneofthesong;hedidn’tsingthewords.

（hum與sing同義，意為“哼唱”）②.MarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.

（筆名；假名）

③.Intheevening,afterthefoodorchat,somevillagersinChinawillbidfarewell,orsaygood-byetooneanotherandgohome.（告別）語(yǔ)篇中猜詞SECTIONTWO解析[例1]NMET2003，第65題

Fermat’sLastTheorem(定理),firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcole

Polytechniqye.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.B由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁(beat),并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等并列關(guān)系，據(jù)此推斷出baffle為“使困惑、難倒、難以理解”之意。解析[例2]NMET2001第56題

Thelargestplayer—ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices—deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.56.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_______.A.carsinmaking

B.carrentalfirmsC.CarsforrentD.carmakersC由上海最大的旅游汽車出租公司提供awidevarietyofchoices意為各種各樣的不同選擇，即differentkindsofchoices,可以判斷出出租的是各種車輛。解析[例3]NMET2002第74題

Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguestsC由前句的否定doesn’t與后句的肯定canbe這一對(duì)比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個(gè)生日開(kāi)心包。Hassle的意思應(yīng)該與fun相反，而與difficulty,trouble相近。例4NMET2001第68題

In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction(區(qū)別)betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.解析68.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsare,byinference,rootedinFrench?A.president,lawyer,beefB.president,bread,water

C.bread,field,water

D.folk,field,cowA由EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchthanGerman.可知英語(yǔ)的政治和法律詞匯多來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)，所以president,lawyer來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)。由meat,athomereadytobecooked,showsthefactthattheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.可知英語(yǔ)涉及食品的詞匯具有一種特殊的區(qū)分：是在農(nóng)田中放牧飼養(yǎng)的，還是在家庭里屠宰烹飪后端上餐桌的，例如：豬、牛、羊、鹿在放牧飼養(yǎng)時(shí)用本族語(yǔ)稱為swine,sheep,ox,deer;但在屠宰烹飪后就用法語(yǔ)稱呼為pork,mutton,beef,venison。所以beef來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)。解析[例5]NMET2002，第62題

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農(nóng)藥),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?A.growinginterestinorganicfoodB.betterqualityoforganicfoodC.risingmarketfororganicfoodD.higherpricesoforganicfoodA由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推斷出，越來(lái)越多的顧客像Gold一樣開(kāi)始購(gòu)買有機(jī)食物，其實(shí)也就是對(duì)這類食物產(chǎn)生了越來(lái)越濃厚的興趣。解析[例6]NMET2001，第66題

Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels(標(biāo)簽)toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing(生產(chǎn))ofcleanandsafeproductstheirsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.Theunderlinedword“it”intheparagraphrefersto_______.A.growinginterestinorganicfoodB.betterqualityoforganicfoodC.risingmarketfororganicfoodD.higherpricesoforganicfoodD只要能分析出句中含有make+名詞作賓補(bǔ)的準(zhǔn)確語(yǔ)義，就可以得出在廣告宣傳中的賣點(diǎn)it是themanufacturingofcleanandsafeproducts=greenproducts。解析[例7]NMET2002，第67題

Achildren’sstory,Masquerade,writtenbyWilliamesin1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamesburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamesputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.Theunderlinedword“them”refersto_______.A.redherringsB.treasurehuntsC.HenryVIII’ssixwivesD.readersofMasqueradeD從最后一句推斷出，書中含有大量的線索幫助讀者去發(fā)現(xiàn)寶物，但是也有許多線索給他們以誤導(dǎo)。Helpreader與misleadthem相對(duì)，形成明顯的對(duì)比，被誤導(dǎo)的人即故事的讀者。例8NMET2001第60題

Holidaymakerswhoareboredwithbakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomsheadforabigigloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBergqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld’sfirstigloohotel.BuiltinasmalltowninnLapland,ithasbeenattractinglotsofvisitors,butsoonthefunwillbeover.Intwoweeks’timeBergqvist’sicecreation(作品)willbenothingmorethanapoolofwater.“Wedon’tseeitasabigproblem,”hesays.“Wejustlookforwardtoreplacingit”.解析60.Whenthewritersays“thefunwillbeover,”hereferstothefactthat_____.A.hotelguestswillbefrightenedatthethoughtofthehardtestB.Bergqvist’shotelwillsoonbecomeapoolofwaterC.HolidaymakerswillsoongettiredofthebigiglooD.AbiggerigloowillreplacethepresentoneB由文中可以看出igloohotel在兩周內(nèi)將不復(fù)存在，而變成一泓清水（benothingmorethanapoolofwater）。游客住進(jìn)冰屋是一種冒險(xiǎn)的體驗(yàn)。A、C、D在文中未出現(xiàn)，故答案為B。解析[例9]NMET2000，第73題

Excusedfromrecycling(回收利用)becauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute(垃圾).Youwon’tbeforlong.Miami’sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethechuteandrecycletoo.Whenwesay“Youwon’tbeforlong”thewritermeansthat______.

A.you’llsoonbelivinginacleanerbuildingB.rubbishchuteswillbecomeoutof