連詞與狀語從句句子句子的分類簡單句并列句（并列連詞）復合句（從屬連詞）連詞(Conjunction)連詞(Conjunction)一、連詞定義:

用來連接詞、短語或句子的詞。

e.g.

IstudyEnglishand

Chinese.Doesheworkatschoolor

inthehospital?

Igetupearly,but

mybrothergetsuplate.二、連詞分類：并列連詞從屬連詞——引導從句連詞：and,but,or,so,(for)連詞詞組:either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,(aswellas)that，whether,if,unless,while/when,until,because,sothat,so…that,though/although,evenif,as…as等三、用法(五三---P133）（一）.并列連詞---連接具有并列關系的詞，短語或句子。常見的有：(1)表并列關系的and,both…and…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas(和,也,除…外,而且),aswell(也，和，用于句末）等。(2)表選擇關系的or(else),otherwise,either…or等。(3)表轉折關系的but,yet,however,while,whereas等。(4)表因果關系的for,so,therefore，thus等。注意：(P133)When(這時，那時）While(然而，卻）

表前后兩者的對比

（P131---高考題）

（二）.從屬連詞---

是用來引導連接主句和從句的連詞。分為引導名詞性從句的連詞和引導狀語從句的連詞。1.引導名詞性的從句(1).that,whether,if不充當成分.(2).連接代詞who,whom,which,what

充當主,賓,定,表語等.(3).連接副詞when,where,how,why狀語.2.引導狀語從句

在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子狀語從句時間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點狀語從句目的狀語從句結果狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句方式狀語從句（五三---P133）（一）時間狀語從句引導詞whenwheneveraswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas

each/everytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly

(一…就…)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when1）when,while,as的區(qū)別（互換的情況）2)when的用法：wasdoing…when,beabouttodo…when“正在做某事/正要做….突然發(fā)生另一件事”。3.)幾種特殊句型與強調結構的區(qū)別：

Itis+時刻+when…（Itis+時間狀語+that+句子其他部分）Itis/hasbeen+段時+since…Itwillbe/was+段時+before(現(xiàn)在時/過去時).“過一段時間后才”

Itwillnotbe/wasnot+段時+before(現(xiàn)在時/過去時).“沒多久就”4).before的用法：

A：表“還未來得及…就…”B：表“過一段時間才…”，5).until的用法：在not…until結構中，謂語用短暫性動詞，“直到…才”;謂語為延續(xù)性動詞，用until表“一直持續(xù)到…”。6)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when剛……就A.時態(tài)：主句用過去完成時（had+pp）從句用一般過去時B.倒裝：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒裝Shehad

nosooner

arrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.Nosoonerhadshearrivedatthestationthan….Hehad

hardly

enteredthehotelwhenitbegantosnow.Hardlyhadheenteredthehotel

whenitbegantosnow7）themoment/minute/second/instant,directly,immediately,instantly

一…就…8)Eachtime/everytime,anytime前面不用冠詞(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime前面的冠詞the可省

1.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004遼寧)A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever2.Itisalmostfiveyears____wesaweachotherlasttime.(2005北京)A.before

B.sinceC.after

D.when3.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_____hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.(2005北京春)A.untilB.unlessC.after

D.becauseBBA4.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears____theNorthwonintheend.(2005廣東30)A.afterB.before

C.whenD.then5.--DidJackcomebackearlylastnight？--Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock_____hearrivedhome.(2005福建)A.before

B.whenC.that

D.until6.Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstartedA.when

B.whileC.until

D.before(2004北京春)BBA地點狀語從句由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere引導（二）地點狀語從句

1.抽象地點，放主句前2.注意狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。3.注意在狀語從句中不可使用介詞+which引導。Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.1.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown，pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2006天津)A.inwhich

B.whatC.whenD.where2.Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.(06江西)A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever3.--Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？--Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.(2006四川)A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.theplacewhere

D.whereDDD（三）條件狀語從句ifas/solongas只要unlessincase（如果，萬一）suppose/supposing(that)假設Providing/provided(that)如果onconditionthat條件是given(that)

考慮到，假定分為真實條件句和非真實條件句（用在虛擬語氣中）。1)在真實條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時，用一般過去時表過去將來時（主將從現(xiàn)）

2)if，unless，incase是考查重點。unless=if…notYouwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.

除非你努力，否則你就要失敗1._____youcallmetosayyou'renotcoming，I'llseeyouatthetheatre.(2004吉林)A.Though

B.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless2.---Whatwouldyoudoifit___tomorrow？

---Wehavetocarryiton，sincewe'vegoteverythingready.A.rain

B.rainsC.willrainD.israining(05全國)DB

3.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening____youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.(2005安徽)A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless4._______you‘vetriedit，youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.(06北京)A.UnlessB.BecauseC.Although

D.When5.Intimeofseriousaccidents，____weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.(2006重慶)A.whether

B.untilC.ifD.unlessDAC（四）原因狀語從句一、常用的4個引導詞的語氣由強至弱依次為：

because→since→as→for;

1.because

語氣最強,指的原因通常是聽話人所不知道的，可用于回答why提出的問題例：

—Whyissheabsent?她為什么缺席？

—Becausesheissick.因為她病了。在強調句型中，強調原因狀語時，只能用because，其他三者不可以。例如：

ItwasbecauseImissedtheearlybusthatIwaslateforschool.我上學遲到是因為我沒有趕上早班汽車。

2.Since從句表示顯然的或已為人知的理由“既然”語氣較because弱，通常句首，有時可表示含有勉強語氣的原因。例：Sinceeveryoneishere,let‘sstart.

既然大家都到齊了，我們就出發(fā)吧！SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese,Icouldn'tfollowtheconversation.我日語懂得不多，因而聽不懂對話。Sinceyoucan‘tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出這個問題，我就問別人了。

since可用于省略句Sinceso,Ihavenothingtosay.nowthat（既然…）,

類似于since.突出事件性，表突發(fā)情況，that可省略.Nowthatyoudon’tfeelwell,havearestforawhile.既然你不舒服，那就休息一會兒吧。

3.nowthat4.As表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實或顯而易見的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含義與since相同，但語氣更弱，不如since正式?！坝捎?，鑒于”如：As

it

was

late

，

we

came

back

soon.（由于時間很晚了，我們很快就回來。）

5.for

for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推斷的理由，所引導的分句只能放在主句，用逗號隔開（

for不可置于句首)。它有時可表示因果關系(通常要放在主句之后，且可與because換用)；Icouldnotgo,for/becauseIwasill.我沒能去，是因為我病了。有時不表示因果關系，而是對前面分句內容的解釋或推斷(也要放在主句之后，但不能與because換用)。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚一定下過雨，你看今天早上地面是濕的。(此句不能用because代for)二、特殊的引導詞When（含有輕微的責怪語氣）seeingthatconsideringthat（五三P136左上角）1.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren'srequestsforsunglasses____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.(2004上海)A.because

B.thoughC.unlessD.if2.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,____thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.(2006廣東)A.as

B.ifC.whenD.whereAA（五）結果狀語從句翻譯句子Thehouseisso_expensive_thatIcan‘taffordit.

(2)Thisisso_interesting_a_bookthatweallwanttoreadit.(3)Thereareso_many_new_wordsinthepassagethatIcan'tunderstandit.(4)Heissuch_a_clever_boy

thatwealllikehim.結果狀語從句常見引導詞：so…that…/such…that…主要有下面的幾個句型：①…so＋adj./adv.＋that…②so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that③somany/few/much/little(少）＋n(可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)＋that④such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that…⑤such＋adj.＋n.(不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))＋that…特殊引導詞sothatSoastoSuchasto(P136例句）Too…to…enoughtodo…(足夠…可以…)(1)Wegotupearlyin_order_that/sothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.(2)Wegotupearlyfor_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)weshouldmissthefirstbus.（六）目的狀語從句翻譯句子

常見的引導詞：inorderthat/sothat…“為了……”特殊引導詞：incasethat/forfearthat/lest“以免；以防”sothat/inorderthat＋從句(從句用can/could/may/might＋動詞原形)（sothat從句不能放句首，還可引導結果狀語從句）2.forfearthat/incase（that）＋從句，意為“害怕、擔心某事發(fā)生”，“以防…”.（七）讓步狀語從句翻譯句子(1)Althoughheisrich,heneverwastesacoin.(2)Richmanasheis,heworkshard.(3)Hardasheworked,hefailed.(4)Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulty.(5)Even_if

itsnowstomorrow,weshallstillgoonbusiness.(6)No_matter_who

(＝Whoever)breakstherule,hewillbepunished.(7)Whetheryougoornottomorrow,wewillgoouting.1.although,though2.evenif,eventhough

(evenif側重于假設；eventhough側重于事實)3.whether…or…4.while(句首），when(句中）(=although)

5.

“no

matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”

(同)：它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。

No

matter

what

happened,

he

would

not

mind.

(=Whatever

happened,

he

would

not

mind.)

No

matter

who

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(=Whoever

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(異)：“no

matter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導名詞性從句I’ll

eat

whatever

(≠no

matter

what)

you

give

me.

(whatever引導賓語從句)Whoever(≠no

matter

who)

comes

will

be

welcome.(Whoever

引導主語從句)

6.as引導讓步狀語從句時，必須用前置結構，通常是從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在句首，放在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。

Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.=Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.（注意:在child前不要用冠詞）ThoughIlikeitverymuch,Iwon’tbuyit.=Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.Thoughhemaytry,hewon’tfinishitontime.=Tryas/thoughhemay,hewon’tfinishitontime.

7.However

(=No

matter

how)+adj/adv

+

陳述語序

However

(=No

matter

how)

expensive

it

may

be,

I’ll

take

it.無論它有多貴，我也要買下它。（八）方式狀語從句引導方式狀語從句的連詞或短語：as,asif,asthough等。注意以下幾點：(1)as引導方式狀語從句時意為“按照”,“如同”

Ididitjustasyoutoldme.（按照）

我是按照你的吩咐做的。

Hedidn’twinthematchasexpected.(如同）

他沒有像預料的那樣贏得比賽。(2)asif和asthough引導的從句中，謂語常用虛擬語氣，有時也用陳述語氣。

Itseemsasifitweregoingtorain.（陽光明媚）Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.。(烏云密閉）

天似乎要下雨了（九）比較狀語從句1.

as…as…

“和…一樣”

Jack

is

as

tall

as

Bob.

not

so/as…as

…

“和…不一樣”She

is

not

so/asoutgoing

as

her

sister.

2.比較級than

“比…更…”

This

book

is

more

instructive

than

that

one.

3.

the

+

比較級+

陳述句,

the

+

比較級+

陳述句

“

越---越---”

The

more

you

study,

the

more

knowledge

you

can

get

。4.

特殊句型

A

is

to

B

what

C

is

to

D

Food

is

to

men

what

oil