RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesGrammarFinishthefollowingsentences.1.Hehastwosons____workinthesameplace.2.Hehastwosons,____workinthesameplace.3.Theygaveuptheplan_________theyworkedoutyesterday.4.Theygaveuptheplan,_____wasaverygoodone.whowhothat/whichwhich1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:

限制性定語(yǔ)從句:所謂限制性定語(yǔ)從句就是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句就會(huì)失去意義或意義不完整。這種從句和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切,寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)和主句分開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系并不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞做些附加說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。在講話(huà)時(shí)語(yǔ)調(diào)上須停頓。一般不用that引導(dǎo)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯法上

譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“……的”通常譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用上

1.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whomA.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinMacao,whichreturnedtoChinain1999.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果去掉從句，剩余部分意義不完整；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完整。Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析兩種定語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定語(yǔ)從句省略后主語(yǔ)所指就不明確，所以不能省略。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮圖畫(huà)的那些雜志是他寫(xiě)的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的雜志都是他寫(xiě)的,里面都有漂亮的圖畫(huà)。二、有時(shí)同一個(gè)限制性從句變?yōu)榉窍拗菩詮木鋾?huì)改變?nèi)涞囊馑?。（雜志有帶圖畫(huà)和不帶圖畫(huà)兩類(lèi)）（雜志只有一種）Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.三、當(dāng)先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Shanghai,whichisintheeastofChina,isdevelopingrapidly.五、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的一些問(wèn)題：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,指物時(shí),用which而不用that。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.Tipsb.指人時(shí)主格用who,賓格用whom,物主格用whose(也可指物)。

MissHowe,whomyoumetinthelibrary,isournewteacher.TheArabs,whoarefamousfortheirhorsesandcamels,usetheseanimalsforworkandinsports.

LiMing,whosemotherhasbeenillfortwodays,isabsentfromschooltoday.c.另外關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間),where(指地點(diǎn))也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(注意關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，要用forwhich代替why)Helivesinthecity,wherethereisahightower.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949,whenhewasborn.

Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhich

Ididn’tattendthemeeting.

我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。

Ihadtoldthemthereasonwhy

Ididn'tattendthemeeting.

我告訴了他們我不去開(kāi)會(huì)的理由。

(限制性定語(yǔ)從句“thereasonwhy...”是常見(jiàn)搭配。)d.介詞加關(guān)系代詞也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

WuDong,with

whomIwenttoseethefilm,enjoyeditverymuch.Herbag,inwhichsheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.ThestoryabouttheLongMarch,ofwhichthisisanexample,arewellwritten.在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞。Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.e.as,which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As位置靈活,有“正如”之意,which在句中。

Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoone’shealth.Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.

1.as既可以指前面提到過(guò)的事實(shí)或情況,因此as

可以放在句首、句末,也可以插入主句中,而which

指前面提到的事實(shí)或情況,一般放在主句之后

(有時(shí)也可用as)。如：

Asourteacherpointsout,thatbookisofbenefittoeveryone.Heatisaformofenergy,asisknowntoallofus．

Thismachine,asmightbeexpected,hasstoppedoperating．

2.As含有正如、按照、正像之意,as一般用在肯定句中,而which則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如：

Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected．

3.下列固定結(jié)構(gòu),一般不能用which,

如：

ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述

asoftenhappens正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣

asiswellknown眾所周知

aswillbeshowninFig3將如圖3所示

asweknow正如我們知道的那樣

asmaybeimagined這可以想象得出來(lái)

asweallcansee正如我們大家看到的那樣

asfollows如下1.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

此為非限定性從句,不能用that修飾,而用which.it和he都使后句成為句子,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。CUseyourhead!

2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.itwhich可代替句子,用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。B3.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it4.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBD5.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhichC6.A.Pisaisacity,___hasaleaningtower.B.Pisaisacity,____thereisaleaningtower.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.thereAC7.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.WhoB.whichC.thisD.what8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhichBD9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichBC11.Thisistheveryknife____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichD12.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat13.Mybrother'spurse,_______heput

￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that14.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose15.Thecomputer,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat16.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich17.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit18.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth19.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose高考鏈接--2010

(10福建24)StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whose2.(10湖南28)I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.who B.whereC.whenD.which BA

高考鏈接--2009

(09山東24)WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.whoB.whichC.whenD.that2.(09寧夏海南28)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.A.them B.whoC.whom D.theseBC高考鏈接--20081.TheywillflytoWashington,____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重慶)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when2.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywiththekids.(08山東)

A.who B.whichC.whyD.whenA

D

3.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,____Icanbereachedmostevenings.(08北京卷)A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where4.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.(2008安徽卷)A.whyB.whereC.whichD.thatA

B

高考鏈接

--20