vnvn構(gòu)詞法Morphology(詞形學(xué))或WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)：語言學(xué)家稱專門研究詞形變化和規(guī)則的學(xué)問。轉(zhuǎn)化法截轉(zhuǎn)化法截短法合成法混合法首尾縮略法轉(zhuǎn)化法 .adv. adv.adj.名詞-動詞handn.手seatn.座位nursen.護(hù)士oiln.油timen.時間shown.展示,秀watern.水vt.上交vt.坐vt.護(hù)理vt.上油vt.定時，測時vt.表演,秀vt.澆水stopv.停止n.車站watchv.觀看n.手表lookv.看n.看walkv.散步,走n.散步lovev.愛n.愛actv.表演n.演出guidev.指導(dǎo)n.指南tastev.嘗n.味道形容詞-動詞openadj.開著的vt.開cleanadj.清潔的vt.打掃slowadj.慢的vt.放慢freeadj.自由的vt.釋放narrowadj.狹窄的vt.變窄1合成法由兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成的詞叫合成詞。合成名詞：名詞+名詞合成名詞：形容詞/動名詞+名詞supermarketgreenhousereadingroomwritingdesk超市溫室寫字臺workshopspaceshipchairmanboyfriendtearoom工作間宇宙飛船主席茶室washingmachineboilingpoint沸點洗衣機(jī)telephonereceiver聽筒合成形容詞man-madetax-freefull-time人造的免稅的全職的合成副詞everywhereforeverhoweverbeforehandhotfootmeanwhilenearby到處永遠(yuǎn)先與此同時English-speaking說英語的two-year-oldgood-lookingwell-knownface-to-face好看的著名的，周所周知面對面的2合成動詞underlineoverthrowoverhearsafeguardsleep-walk推翻偷聽到保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)夢游截頭telephone→phoneairplane→plane截頭去尾influenza→flurefrigerator→fridgeprescription→script去尾mathematics→mathsexamination→examkilogram→kilolaboratory→labwhite-wash粉刷截短法截短法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式?；旌戏▽蓚€詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體；前半部分表示屬性。newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送smokeandfog→smog煙霧helicopterairport→heliport直升飛機(jī)場首尾縮略法用單詞首尾字母組成一個新詞。veryimportantperson→VIPtheUnitedStatesofAmerica→USATestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFLGraduateRecordExamination→GRE3派生法在一個單詞前或其后加上詞綴，構(gòu)成新的單詞。1、否定前綴1.名詞后綴：表示人2.“空間、位置”2.名詞后綴：表示抽象事物或集合3.“共同、一起”3.形容詞后綴4.“時間、程度”4.副詞后綴5.“離開”5.動詞后綴1、否定前綴前綴舉例記憶方法un-unfair不公平uncover揭露un-+fair(公平的)un-+cover(蓋子,蓋住)im-,in-,ir-,il-irregular不規(guī)則的ir-+regular(規(guī)則的)mis-mistake錯誤mis-+take(拿)dis-disable使殘廢dis-+able(有能力的)non-nonsmoker不吸煙者non-+smoker(吸煙者)anti-antiwar反戰(zhàn)的anti-+war(戰(zhàn)爭的)前綴舉例記憶方法pre-,pro-在前progress進(jìn)步pro-+gress(走)fore-在前forehead前額fore-+head(頭)ex-向外export出口ex-+port(運輸,港口)in-在內(nèi)include包含in-+clude(關(guān)閉)inter-相互interview采訪inter-+view(看)intro-向內(nèi)introduce介紹intro-+duce(引導(dǎo))前綴舉例記憶方法be-靠近beside在旁邊be-+side(邊)sur-在…上surface表面sur-+face(臉)out-向外outlook展望,向外看out-+look(看)trans-轉(zhuǎn)移translate翻譯trans-+lat(放)underline強(qiáng)調(diào),下劃線under-+line(線)a-在…上,向…,處于…狀態(tài)awake喚醒a(bǔ)-+wake(醒來)4前綴舉例記憶方法com-(b,m,p)col-,con-,cor-company公司connect聯(lián)系com-+pany(bread)co-cooperate合作co-+operate(操作)sym-sympathy同情心sym-+pathy(感情,疾病)前綴舉例記憶方法extra-格外extraordinary特別的extra-+ordinary(平常的)over-超過overcome克服over-+come(來)super-超過superpower超能力super-+power(能力)re-重復(fù)review復(fù)習(xí)re-+view(看)fore-提前foretell預(yù)言fore-+tell(說)post在…后postwar戰(zhàn)后post-+war(戰(zhàn)爭)ad-加強(qiáng)admire羨慕,欽佩ad-+mire(驚奇)aa前綴舉例記憶方法-away離開a-+way(路)dedepart離開de-+part(部分)se-separate分開se-+par(部分)+ate(v.)for-forgive原諒for-+giv(給)1.常用名詞后綴：表示人后綴舉例-erspeaker,lawyer,foreigner-ordirector,governor,professor-eervolunteer,engineer-resswaitress,actress-cianmusician,politician-eseJapanese,Chinese-istartist,socialist,scientist52.常用名詞后綴：表示抽象事物或集合后綴舉例-mentachievement,judgement-ion,-sion,-ition,-cationpollution,permission,education,addition-shipfriendship,leadership-hoodchildhood,neighbourhood-ismsocialism,Marxism-nesskindness,happiness后綴舉例-agepackage,marriage-urefaliure,pleasureyinjury,difficulty-ance/enceappearance,difference-domwisdom,freedom-thwealth,width-ingfeeling,building3.常用形容詞后綴后綴舉例-able,-iblereasonable,comfortable,horrible-al/ia/ualtechnical,material-fulbeautiful,wonderful,thankful-lessuseless,homeless-ous/iouscurious,nervous,serious-ic/icalscientific,historical-aryextraordinary,revolutionary4.常用副詞后綴后綴舉例-lyunfortunately,naturally,finally,immediately,easily,seriously-ward/wardsnorthward,backward,forward,toward,afterwards65.常用動詞后綴后綴舉例-ensharpen,strengthen,shorten-fybeautify,satisfy,terrify-ize/iserealize,modernize-ateeducate,operate,graduate,separate-ishpublish,astonish【例1】利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義1.Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.2.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.【例2】(北京卷)Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well–designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(別扭的)handpositions.【例3】(全國卷)Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.7斐斐點睛：“構(gòu)詞法”Morpholog