UNIT

5

POEMSSection

Ⅱ

Learning

About

Language（定語從句）教材鏈接（1）（教材P50）Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.（2）（教材P50）Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“l(fā)istpoem”,whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.（3）（教材P50）Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.（4）（教材P51）Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.（5）（教材P51）HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.（6）（教材P51）Thehaikupoem（E）ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.

觀察上面句子,它們中均包含了___________,其中（1）、（3）、（5）中的定語從句為_________定語從句,（6）中的為___________定語從句,（2）和（4）中既有限制性定語從句也有非限制性定語從句。定語從句限制性非限制性要點精析1.定語從句的基本概述（1）定義：在主從復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般跟在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。（2）先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。（3）關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。①關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞兩類。關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as;關系副詞有when,where,why等。②關系詞的作用主要有三點：連接主從句、替代先行詞、在定語從句中作成分。2.定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞之間關系的緊密程度,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。（1）限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,不用逗號與主句隔開,刪除后會影響整個句子的表達。Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.她就是照料這些孩子的保姆。DoyoustillrememberthemanwhotaughtusEnglish?你還記得教我們英語的那位男士嗎？（2）非限制性定語從句常用逗號與主句隔開,起補充說明的作用,如省略,句子意思仍然完整明確。Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.他昨天丟了的那本書已經(jīng)找到了。Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓,下個星期就要回來了。3.關系代詞的用法（1）基本用法關系代詞指人指物主語賓語表語定語that√√√√√which√√√√who√√√√whom√√whose√√√as√√√√√Thisisthepresent(that/which)Jackgavemeformybirthday.這是杰克送給我的生日禮物。Theworkthat/whichhasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.剛剛完成的那份工作很重要。Theman(who/whom/that)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.你剛才遇見的那個人是我的老朋友。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年來這座城市游覽的人數(shù)達到了一百萬。Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.這就是那位成就卓著的科學家。（2）宜用that,不宜用which的情況①先行詞是all、few、little（少）、much、none、nothing、everything、something等不定代詞,或被它們修飾時。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要為自己說的嗎？HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?你已經(jīng)把李先生所說的話全部記下來了嗎？②先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級修飾時。Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.這是已經(jīng)用過的抗污染的最好的辦法。ThelastplacethatwevisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.我們在北京參觀的最后一個地方是長城。③當先行詞被theonly,thevery等修飾時。ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.這就是我正在等的公交車。ThisistheonlybikethatIcanafford.這是我能買得起的唯一的一輛自行車。④先行詞既有人又有物時。IcanrememberwellthepersonandpicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地記得我在那個房間所見到的人和照片。⑤當主句是以which,who等疑問詞開頭的疑問句時。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪輛是你丟的自行車？⑥主句是therebe句型且關系詞在從句中作主語時。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.在那個角落還有一個空座位。（3）宜用which不宜用that的情況①在非限制性定語從句中,用which,不用that。ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中國》吸引了世界各地的讀者,這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。②關系代詞前有介詞時,通常用which,而不用that。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.這是魯迅曾住過的房子。（4）as引導的定語從句①as引導限制性定語從句。as既可以指人,也可以指物。在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語。常用在so…as…,such…as…,as…as…,thesame…as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Ihavegotintothesametroubleashehas.我惹了和他一樣的麻煩。Suchreasonsaswegivecanpersuadehimtogiveupthisfoolishplan.我們給出的這些理由可以說服他放棄這個愚蠢的計劃。②as引導非限制性定語從句時,意為“正如;正像”,可放在句首、句末或句中。常用的表達有：asweallknow=asisknowntousall眾所周知asisreported/expected正如報道/預料的那樣asisoftenthecase情況常常是這樣ashasbeensaidbefore正如之前所說4.關系副詞的用法狀語whenwherewhy時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語OppositeisStPaul’sCathedral,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.對面是圣保羅大教堂,在那里你能聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂。IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinTibet.我永遠不會忘記待在西藏的日子。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendtheparty.我們不知道他沒參加聚會的原因。注意：當先行詞為一些表示抽象地點的名詞,如point,stage,case,situation,position等,且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,通常用關系副詞where。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。Therearecaseswherethisruleisinapplicable.在一些情況下,這個規(guī)則是不適用的。5.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句當先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因的名詞,且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,用關系副詞引導定語從句。有時可用“介詞+關系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)替換關系副詞。（1）關系代詞的選用“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時,若先行詞指人,關系代詞常用whom;若先行詞指物,關系代詞常用which。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturn.在黑暗的街道上,沒有一個她可以求助的人。Scientiststrytoprotecttheislandonwhichrareanimalslive.科學家努力保護那個稀有動物居住的島。（2）介詞的選用①根據(jù)定語從句中動詞或形容詞的某種習慣搭配。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillon/upon

whichschooleducationdepends.一些專家認為閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。Thisisthenewproductwithwhichthebossisverysatisfied.這是老板非常滿意的那款新產(chǎn)品。②根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣。Therearevariouswaysinwhichwecansolvethisproblem.我們有很多方法可以解決這個問題。③根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.這種我們離開它就不能生存的無色氣體被稱為氧氣。實戰(zhàn)演練Ⅰ.

單句語法填空1.[2020課標全國Ⅰ]Thebestbooksaretheones_______openfurtherastimepasses.that2.[2020課標全國Ⅰ]We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings_____________weuseeveryday.that/which3.[2020課標全國Ⅰ]ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,________isaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.which4.[2020課標全國Ⅰ]Here’sahandfulofways_____________willsetyouintherightdirection.that/which5.[2020全國新高考Ⅰ]Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,______willeachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.who6.[2020課標全國Ⅱ]Iseelibrariesasasafehaven（避風港）forreadersandwriters,abridge_____________helpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.that/which7.[2020課標全國Ⅲ]InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.whose8.[2020天津]Dr.Rowan,________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.whose9.[2020江蘇]Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,_______whichstudentscanchooseforfree.from10.[2020海南]Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchaway________________theirleavesandbranches,althoughclosetogether,neveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.that/inwhichⅡ.

完成句子1.我們已經(jīng)進入一個夢想有機會成真的最佳時代。Wehaveenteredintoanage___________________________________________________.wheredreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue2.夾克的邊緣上有一塊布,可以在黑暗中發(fā)光。Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___________________________________.thatgivesofflightinthedark3.這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一。Thisis__________________________________________________________.oneofthemostinterestingbooksthatIhaveeverread4.很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區(qū)追求自己的夢想,他們中大部分都接受過良好的教育。Manyyoungpeople,_________________________________,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.mostofwhomarewell-educated5.正如報道的那樣,吸煙的人數(shù)僅在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。Thenumberofsmokers,_________________,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.asisreported6.桌面上那些封面閃閃發(fā)亮的書是我們的獎品。Thebooksonthedesk,___________________________,areprizesforus.whosecoversareshining7.幸福和成功經(jīng)常青睞那些善于發(fā)現(xiàn)自身優(yōu)勢的人。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose__________________________________________________.whoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths8.我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周,屆時天氣可能會更好。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_________________________________.whentheweathermaybebetter9.一個月后我們將會達到年初所定的銷售目標。We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth_________________________________________________.that/whichwesetatthebeginningoftheyear10.他在當?shù)匾凰咧猩系膶W,后來考上了北京大學。Hewaseducatedatalocalhighschool,___________________________________________________.afterwhichhewasadmittedtoPekingUniversity基礎達標練Ⅰ.

單句語法填空1.Shewasvery______________(sympathy)totheproblemsofadultstudents.sympathetic2.Thenewevidencewillprovetheir____________(innocent).innocence3.Theeditorwelcomes_________________(correspond)fromreadersonanysubject.correspondence4.Thefirmhasachieveda___________(dominate)positionintheworldmarket.dominant5.Poetrywritten_______theperspectiveoftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.from6.Ihavethegreatest_____________(admire)forallthoseinvolvedintheproject.admiration7.Healsofoundsomelistofgamefanslookingforvarious___________(version)ofthegame.versions8.Forecasterssaythestormsmaynotbeasbadasthey____________(initial)predicted.initially9.Manyforeigntouristsfallinlove_______Chinathefirsttimetheypayavisittothisgreatcountry.with10.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropsthey___________(sow).hadsownⅡ.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換將下列句子合并為含有定語從句的主從復合句。1.Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise._________________________________________________________________________Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears.Noneofthemhasbeenproved.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.3.Whenyoustartyourjourneywithpositivethinking,youwouldmeetwonderfulpeople.Youcansharepositiveattitudeswiththem.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whenyoustartyourjourneywithpositivethinking,youwouldmeetwonderfulpeople,withwhomyoucansharepositiveattitudes.4.Theprofessoralwaysspendsthewholedayinthebookshop.Hefoundanewdictionarythereyesterday._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theprofessoralwaysspendsthewholedayinthebookshopwhere/inwhichhefoundanewdictionaryyesterday.5.Wehavetoplanttreesasmanyaspossible.Thereasonisthattheycansupplyfreshairtous.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thereasonwhy/forwhichwehavetoplanttreesasmanyaspossibleisthattheycansupplyfreshairtous.6.Itisatrulydelightfulplace.Itlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Itisatrulydelightfulplace,whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.7.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities.Theycangainexperienceforgrowthfromthem.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere/fromwhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.8.TheAdulthoodCeremonywasheldintheschoollecturehall.Itcanseatapproximately500students.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheAdulthoodCeremonywasheldintheschoollecturehallthat/whichcanseatapproximately500students.9.Thisishisfirstcinquain.ItwascomposedinEnglish.___________________________________________________________ThisishisfirstcinquainthatwascomposedinEnglish.10.Iamlookingforasecretary.Heorshecanuseacomputerwell._________________________________________________________________Iamlookingforasecretarythat/whocanuseacomputerwell.Ⅲ.

完成句子1.出于對那些孩子的憐憫,我打算把一個月的薪水捐給這個孤兒院。（outofsympathy）___________________________________,Iintendtodonateamonth’ssalarytotheorphanage.Outofsympathyforthechildren2.我們應該努力做到言行一致,因為只有這樣我們才能贏得別人的信任。（correspondwith/to）Weshouldstriveto________________________________________________becauseonlyinthiswaycanwewinthetrustofothers.makeouractionscorrespondwith/toourwords3.在我看來,取得很大進步的學生也應該得到獎勵。（perspective）______________________,studentswhomakegreatprogressshouldalsoberewarded.Frommyperspective4.梵高對現(xiàn)代繪畫的發(fā)展有著重大影響。（haveaninfluenceon）VanGogh___________________________thedevelopmentofmodernpainting.hadamajorinfluenceon5.他不確定此人是否是無罪的。（beinnocentof）Hewasn’tsure____________________________________________.whetherthemanwasinnocentofanycrime素養(yǎng)綜合練Ⅰ.

閱讀理解[2020山西大學附屬中學高二上期中]EveryweekinChina,millionsofpeoplewouldsitinfrontoftheirTVswatchingteenagerscompeteforthetitle“CharacterHero”,whichwasaChinese-stylespellingbee（拼字比賽）.Inthischallenge,youngcompetitorsmustwriteChinesecharactersbyhand.Toprepareforthecompetition,thecompetitorsusuallyspentmonthsstudyingdictionaries.Perhapstheshow’spopularityshouldnotbeasurprise.Alongwithgunpowderandpaper,manyChinesepeopleconsiderthecreationofChinesecalligraphy(書法)tobeoneoftheirprimarycontributionstocivilization.Unfortunately,alloverthecountry,Chinesepeopleareforgettinghowtowritetheirownlanguagewithoutcomputerizedhelp.SoftwareonsmartphonesandcomputersallowsuserstotypebasedonthebasicsoundofthewordusingtheLatinalphabet.Thecorrectcharacterischosenfromalist.Theresult?It’spossibletorecognizecharacterswithoutrememberinghowtowritethem.Butthere’sstillhopeforthepaintbrush.MinistryofEducationofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawantschildrentospendmoretimelearninghowtowrite.InoneBeijingprimaryschoolwevisited,studentspracticecalligraphyeverydayinsideaspeciallydecoratedclassroomwithtraditionalChinesepaintingshangingonthewalls.Softmusicplaysasagroupofsix-year-oldsdipbrushpensintoblackink.Theylookupattheblackboardoftentostudytheirteacher’sexamplesbeforecarefullyattemptingtoreproducethosecharactersonthinricepaper.“Ifadultscansurvivewithoutusinghandwriting,whybothertoteachitnow?”weaskthecalligraphyteacher,ShenBin.“TheabilitytowritecharactersispartofChinesetraditionandculture,”shereasons.“Studentsmustlearnnowsotheydon’tforgetwhentheygrowup,”saystheteacher.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“CharacterHero”?(

)A.Itdrewgreatpublicattentionacrossthecountry.B.Itwasopentopeopleofallagesandallwalks.C.Itwasthemost-viewedTVprograminChina.D.ItaimedtospreadChineseculturetotheworld.A[解析]【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第一段中EveryweekinChina,millionsofpeoplewouldsitinfrontoftheirTVswatchingteenagerscompeteforthetitle“CharacterHero”可知,在中國,每周都有數(shù)百萬人坐在電視機前觀看這個節(jié)目,所以節(jié)目吸引了公眾的注意力。故選A。2.WhyareChinesepeopleforgettinghowtowritethecharacters?(

)A.Chinesepeopledon’trefertodictionariesveryoften.B.Chinesepeoplenolongerusebrushpensorpracticecalligraphy.C.ChinesepeopleareusingtheLatinalphabetinsteadofthecharacters.D.Chinesepeopleneedn’twritebyhandasoftenwiththehelpoftechnology.D[解析]【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題。【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段…Chinesepeopleareforgettinghowtowrite…usingtheLatinalphabet.可知,智能手機和電腦上的軟件允許用戶使用拉丁字母輸入漢字的基本發(fā)音。所以在科技的幫助下,中國人不需要經(jīng)常用手寫字導致了中國人正在逐漸忘記如何書寫漢字。故選D。3.AccordingtoShenBin,beingabletowritecharactersbyhandis____.A.anabilitytobedevelopedonlywhenyouarestudentsB.arequirementmadebytheMinistryofEducationC.necessaryforadultstosurviveinChinaD.helpfultokeepChinesetraditionandculturealiveD[解析]【命題立意】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)短文最后一段中TheabilitytowritecharactersispartofChinesetraditionandculture…可知,漢字書寫能力是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一部分。所以可以推斷出能夠手寫漢字有助于保持中國傳統(tǒng)文化的活力。故選D。4.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?(

)A.Asciencereport. B.Anewsreport.C.Children’sliterature. D.Anadvertisement.B[解析]【命題立意】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】本文由《中國漢字聽寫大會》引入,介紹了漢字書寫的現(xiàn)狀及重要性。由此可推知本文是一篇新聞報道,所以文章可能來自報紙。故選B。[解析][語篇解讀]本文由《中國漢字聽寫大會》引入,介紹了漢字書寫的現(xiàn)狀及重要性。深度解析詞匯積累1.competitorn.競爭者;對手2.gunpowdern.火藥3.civilizationn.文明4.calligraphyn.書法Ⅱ.

語法填空[2021安徽黃山第一學期高二期末質(zhì)量檢測]AFriendshipisanimportantthemeinallkindsofart._1____________straightforwardorimplicit（含蓄的）,itshowsupinpoetryfromaroundtheworld.Theseven-characterpoemToWangLun,_2____________（write）byTangpoetLiBai（701-762）,isagoodexampleofpoetrythat_3____________（carry）thistheme.Itdescribesasceneinwhichthepoet’sfriendWangLun,hurriedtoseehimoff,_4___________（show）truefriendship.WhetherwrittencarriesshowingWhilethepoemstartswithordinaryimages,itendswithpassionateandsincereemotions.Liusedsimile（比喻）tostatethat_5__________deepthewatermightbe,itstillpaledinfrontoftheirdeepfriendship.Thepoetaims_6__________（avoid）praisingthefriendshipdirectly,_7_______wouldbemuchlesspoetic.Thefirsttwolinesgiveusbackgroundinformation.Liwason_8_________boatabouttotravel._9________________（sudden）,heheardsomeonesingingontheshore.Thestartinglinesaresoplainandsimplethattheyalmostreadlikeprose（散文）.howevertoavoidwhichaSuddenlyTheyevencontainnames,somethingrarely_10____________（see）intraditionalChinesepoetry.ItshowsLi’scharacter-heisfreeandwild.seen1.__________Whether[解析]考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處為whether…or…“不管……還是……”引導的讓步狀語從句的省略形式,注意首字母要大寫,故填Whether。2.__________written[解析]考查非謂語動詞。分析可知,此處應用非謂語動詞作后置定語,邏輯主語poem與write為被動關系,所以用過去分詞形式。故填written。3.__________carries[解析]考查時態(tài)。分析可知,設空處為定語從句的謂語動詞,that為關系代詞,指代先行詞example,結(jié)合is,所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填carries。4.__________showing[解析]考查非謂語動詞。分析可知,此處應用非謂語動詞作狀語,show與句子主語It為邏輯上的主動關系,應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填showing。5.__________however[解析]考查讓步狀語從句。句式however+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語,意為“無論……”,however引導讓步狀語從句。6.___________toavoid[解析]考查非謂語動詞。aimtodosth.意為“旨在做某事”。故填toavoid。7.________which[解析]考查定語從句。設空處引導定語從句,修飾前面的內(nèi)容,從句缺少主語,所以用關系代詞which。8.____a[解析]考查冠詞。boat為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),此處表泛指,應用不定冠詞,且boat的發(fā)音是輔音音素開頭,應用冠詞a。9.___________Suddenly[解析]考查副詞。修飾整個句子要用副詞,注意首字母大寫。故填Suddenly。10._______seen[解析]考查非謂語動詞。分析可知,設空處為修飾something的后置定語,邏輯主語something與see為被動關系,所以要用過去分詞形式。故填seen。[解析][語篇解讀]這是一篇說明文。本文是一篇詩歌鑒賞,主要介紹了李白的著名詩篇《贈汪倫》,詩中描述了朋友汪倫為詩人送行的一個場景,表現(xiàn)出真正的友誼。[2021江蘇常州“教學研究合作聯(lián)盟”高二上期中]BShijing,alsoTheBookofSongs,isthe_1______________(early)collectionofChinesepoetry.Itconsistsof305poems_2______________(date)fromtheearlyyearsoftheWesternZhouDynastytothemiddlestageoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Nowadays,Confuciusisgenerallybelievedtobethe_3______________(edit)ofthebook.Shijingisrichincontent,_4__________________(reflect)loveandlabor,warandslavery,customsandmarriage,ancestorworshipandspecialevents.Itisamirrorofsociallife.earliestdatingeditorreflectingAllthepoe