（一）人稱代詞一、概念人稱代詞是表示我、你、他/她/它、我們、你們和（他/她/它）們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、格和數(shù)的變化.二、人稱代詞的用法1．一般情況下，人稱代詞的主格作主語，放在句子的開頭。Iamateacher.我是一名教師。（I是主語）Youare11yearsold.你11歲了。（You是主語）Heismyfriend?他是我的朋友。（He是主語）Itishottoday.今天天氣熱。（It是主語）賓格作賓語，通常放在動詞，如□:let,like,help,give,ask等的后面；或介詞，如□:for,to,of,at等的后面。Canyouhelpme?你能幫我嗎？（me是賓語）Thecakeisforyou.這個蛋糕是給你的。（you是賓語）作表語（用主格，□語中常用賓格）Whoisthat？It'sme（I）.是誰?。渴俏?。人稱代詞I無論放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大寫。人稱代詞she除了指女性“她”之外，還可以指祖國、月亮等擬人的東西。如:Ilovemycountry.Sheisgreat.Themoonisinthesky.Sheisroundandbright.四、It的特殊用法—般情況下，it表示人以外的動物和東西，是單數(shù)名詞的代詞，譯為“它”。Whereisyourcar？Itisoverthere.你的小汽車在哪兒？（它）在那邊。但在表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離等時(shí)，用it來代替，此時(shí)的it,并不譯為“它”。1）指天氣:Itissunnytoday.今天陽光燦爛。2）指氣候:It'scoldinthisroom.這個房間很冷。3）指時(shí)間:Whattimeisit？It'ssixthirty.幾點(diǎn)了？六點(diǎn)半了。4）指距離:Howfarisitfromheretothepark？從這兒到公園有多遠(yuǎn)？It'sabouttwomiles.大約是二英里。五、人稱的習(xí)慣順序:如果有幾個不同的人稱同時(shí)作主語,且用and,or連接時(shí),習(xí)慣順序是:單數(shù):you,he,andI復(fù)數(shù)：we,you,andthey但是，如果是做錯事，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，有時(shí)，說話的人把I放在第一位。Whobrokethewindow？誰打碎了玻璃？IandLiMing.我和李明.（二）物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,物主代詞也有人稱和數(shù)的變化。通過觀察上表，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了my的名詞性物主代詞是mine,his和its的名詞性和形容詞性相同外，其他的名詞性物主代詞都是在對應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞后面加“S”變成的。形容詞性物主代詞用來修飾名詞,表示是屬于誰的東西。名詞性物主代詞等于對應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞加一個名詞。如:ThiSiSherbook.=ThiSbookiSherS.AretheSeyourpenS?=AretheSepenSyourS?替代詞替代詞用來替代前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物，來避免重復(fù)這一名詞。最典型的替代詞有one和oneS。one用來替代表示單數(shù)的人或事，oneS用來替代表示復(fù)數(shù)的人或事物。如：ThereiSapoStofficenearmyhome.ThereiSonenearourSchool,too.(one=poStoffice)詞類英語名稱意義例詞名詞TheNoun(縮寫為n)表示人或事物的名稱BaSket,mouth,hoSpital,year,train冠詞TheArticle(art)用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物a,an,the代詞ThePronoun(pron)用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞They,hiS,him,mine,which,all形容詞TheAdjective(adj)用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征Long,empty,heavy,different,cheap,hungry數(shù)詞TheNumeral(num)表示數(shù)量或順序Three,thirteen,twenty,Second動詞TheVerb(v)表示動作或狀態(tài)Hear,write,Swim,eat,borrow,Sing副詞TheAdverb(adv)修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞Quickly,early,out,Soon,then,SometimeS介詞ThePrepoSition(prep)表示名詞、代詞等和句中其他詞的關(guān)系From,with,at,into,behind,between,for連詞TheConjunction(conj)用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句And,or,but,So,becauSe感嘆詞TheInterjection(interj)表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感Oh,hey,ouch,well,there,dear下面是一些比較典型的“陷阱”題目，請大家做做看：Mr.WangmadeuphiSmindtodevoteallhecould_hiSoralEngliShbeforegoingabroad.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingEverythinghe--awayfromhimbeforehereturnedtohiShometown.A.tookB.hadbeentakenC.hadhadbeentakenD.hadtakenBeforehewentabroad,heSpentaSmuchtimeaShe--EngliSh.A.couldlearningB.learnedC.tolearnD.couldlearnYoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhave_yourhouSe.A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfindingTheperSonweSpoketo_noanSweratfirSt．A．makingB．makeSC．makeD．madeTheperSonwereferredto(提及)_uSareporttomorrow．A．givingB．willgiveC．gaveD．giveThedaySwehavebeenlookingforwardto()Soon．A．comingB．willcomeC．cameD．havecomeTheperSonwetalkedabout()ourSchoollaStweek．A．viSitingB．willviSitC．viSitedD．haSviSitedThemanwhoSeSongSwearefondof()inourcitynextweek．A．SingingB．toSingC．willSingD．SangNotonly_thejewelryshe()beensoldforherson'sgamblingdebtsbutalsoherhouse．A．is；hasB．has；hadC．has；hasD．／；has_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(NMET96)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseTheresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)初中英語重要句型assoonasas???as…?as???aspossibleasksb.forsth.ask/tellsb.(how)todosth.ask/tellsb.nottodosth.beafraidofdoingsth./that?初中英語重要句型bebusydoingsth.befamous/late/ready/sorryfor?begladthat?buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell?sthtosb.buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tellsb.sth.初中英語重要句型either?or?enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/goondoingsth.findit+adj.todosth.get+比較級getreadyfor/getsth.readyhadbetter(not)dosth.初中英語重要句型helpsb.(to)do/helpsb.with?Idon'tthinkthat?Iwouldliketo/Wouldyouliketo..isoneofthe+最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Itis+adj.forsb.todosth.Itisagoodideatodosth.Itisthesecond+最高級+名詞初中英語重要句型Itlookslike?/Itsoundslike?Itseemstosb.that?Itsounds+adj./Itlooks+adj.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It'sbad/goodfor?It'stimefor…/todosth.It'stwometers(years)long(high,old)初中英語重要句型keepsb.doingsth.liketodo/likedoingsthkeep/makesth.+adj.make/letsb.(not)dosth.neither???nor?…not???atallnot?until?初中英語重要句型One?theother?/Some?.others?prefer?to?see/hearsb.do(doing)sth.so?that?spend?on/(in)doingsth.stoptodo/stopdoingsth.sucha(an)+adj.+n.that?初中英語重要句型take/bringsth.withsb.thanksb.forsth.Themore?themore?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThereissomethingwrongwith?too?to?usedto?Whatabout/Howabout?初中英語重要句型What'sthematterwith?What'swrongwith?Whynot?Will(Would,Could)youplease?初中英語八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語+do/does(現(xiàn)在分詞)Wecleantheroomeveryday.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：do(n't)/does(n't)—般過去時(shí)：主語+didWecleanedtheroomjustnow.一般過去式：did(n't)+V■原現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語+am/is/aredoingWearecleaningtheroomnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am(not)/is(n't)/are(n't)+V.ing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/weredoing.Wewerecheaningtheroomat5：00yesterdayafternoon.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was(n't)/were(n't)+V.ing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasdoneWehavecleanedtheroomalready.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have(n't)/has(n't)+過去分詞(p.p.)過去完成時(shí)：haddoneWehadcleanedtheroombeforehearrived.過去完成時(shí)：had+p.p.一般將來時(shí)：willdo/Wewillcleantheroomtomorrow.一般將來時(shí)：will(not)+V.ing/is(n't)/are(n't)+goingto+V.原過去將來時(shí)：was/wereto/woulddoHesaidhewouldcleantheroomnext過去將來時(shí)：would(n't)/was(n't)/were(n't)+V.原動詞不定式：to+V.ing一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：often，usually，always，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month．．．)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①am/is/are+not:②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動詞?！阋蓡柧洌孩侔裝e動詞放于句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動詞。二、—般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month．．．),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動詞；②行為動詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動詞?！阋蓡柧洌孩賥as或were放在句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動詞。三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing一般疑問句：把be動詞放在句首四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某—時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were＋doing否定形式：was/were＋not＋doing一般疑問句：把was或were放在句首五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語：recently,lately,since．．．,for．．．,inthepastfewyears,etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has＋done否定形式：have/has＋not＋done—般疑問句：have/has放于句首六、過去完成時(shí)：概念：以過去某一時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。時(shí)間狀語：before，bytheendoflastyear(term，month．．．)，etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had＋done否定形式：had＋not＋done一般疑問句：had放于句首七、一般將來時(shí)：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow，nextday(week，month，year．．．．)，soon，inafewminutes，by．．．，thedayaftertomorrow，etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/^re/goingto+do；②will/Shall+do否定形式：①am/is/are+not+goingto+do；②will/shall+not+do—般疑問句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首八、過去將來時(shí)：概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。時(shí)間狀語：thenextday(morning，year．．．)，thefollowingmonth(week．．．)，etc．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do否定形式：①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首句型(—)such+名詞性詞組+that…?So+形容詞/副詞+that如此...以致...例如：(1)Sheissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveher.她是一個好老師，我們都愛她。Itwassuchahotdaythattheydidn'tgooutforawalkasusual.這么熱的天氣，他們沒有像往常一樣去散步。such+a+形容詞+名詞+that…，可以改寫成：so+形容詞+a+名詞+that…，例句⑴可以改寫成：Sheissogoodateacherthatweallloveher.在such+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時(shí)，用so不用such,即：so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that…，so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that…TherearesomanypeopleintheroomthatIcan'tgetin.房間里人太多，我進(jìn)不去。⑵Themanhasso