Unit4SectionAdemocracyn.[U]asystemofgovernmentinwhichpeoplevoteinelectionstochoosethepeoplewhowillgovernthem民主；民主政體Thiswasahistoricmoment,afterwhichthecountryhasbeenmovingtowarddemocracy,這是一個(gè)歷史性時(shí)刻，此后該國一直朝著民主前進(jìn)。asystemofrunningabusinessororganizationinwhicheveryonecanvoteandshareinmakingdecisions民主管理Withouttheabilitytothinkcriticallyandtodefendtheirideas,youngpeoplewillnotbeabletofullyparticipateindemocracy.如果沒有能力進(jìn)行批判思維，沒有能力捍衛(wèi)自己的思想，年輕人就不能充分參與民主管理。congressmann.[C]sb.whoisamemberoftheUSCongress,esp.theHouseofRepresentatives（美國）國會(huì)議員，（尤指）眾議員Adamsbecamethefirstcongressmantoasserttherightofthegovernmenttofreeslavesduringatimeofwar.亞當(dāng)斯成為了第一位主張政府有權(quán)在戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期解放奴隸的國會(huì)議員。constituentn.[C]sb.whovotesinaparticulararea選區(qū)的選民Whenthevotewasannounced,alltheconstituentsbrokeintocheers.當(dāng)宣布投票結(jié)果時(shí)，所有的選民都?xì)g呼起來。oneofthesubstancesorthingsthatcombinetoformsth.成分；構(gòu)成部分Caffeineistheactiveconstituentofdrinkssuchasteaandcoffee.咖啡因是茶和咖啡這類飲品的活性成分。a.（onlybeforenoun）（fml.）beingoneofthepartsofsth.構(gòu)成的ScotlandisoneoffourconstituentunitswhichformtheUnitedKingdom.蘇格蘭是聯(lián)合王國的四個(gè)組成部分之一。segregatevt.separateonepartofaplaceorthingfromanother使（地方或東西中的一部分）分離；使隔離Women'sdressdepartmentsaresegregatedfromthemisses'departmentsinmanyretailestablishments.在很多零售商店，婦女服裝部和少女服裝部是分開的。separateonegroupofpeoplefromothers,esp.becausetheyareofadifferentrace,sex,orreligion（尤指因種族、性別、宗教不同而）使分開，使分離，使隔離ThestudentsweresegregatedaccordingtotheirproficiencyinEnglish.學(xué)生按英語水平的不同進(jìn)行了劃分。consolidatev.1combinethingsinordertomakethemmoreeffectiveoreasiertodealwith合并；統(tǒng)一Theyconsolidatedfiveprovincestoformthreenewones.他們把五個(gè)省合并成了三個(gè)新的省。2strengthenthepositionofpowerorsuccessthatyouhave,sothatitbecomesmoreeffectiveorcontinuesforlonger加強(qiáng)，鞏固(取得的權(quán)力、成功等)Maythefriendshiptiesbetweenourtwocountriesbefurtherdevelopedandconsolidated!希望我們兩國間友誼的紐帶能夠得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和鞏固!differentiatev.recognizeorexpressthedifferencebetweenthingsorpeople區(qū)分；區(qū)另ijShehaslearnedtodifferentiatethetwokindsofroses.她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了區(qū)分這兩種玫瑰。vt.bethequalityorfactthatmakesonethingorpersonclearlydifferentfromanother構(gòu)成...間的差別；使…不同于Theabilitytospeakdifferentiateshumansfromotheranimals.言語能力使人類有別于其他動(dòng)物。definitivea.(usu.beforenoun)betterthanallothers最好的Themuseumcatalogcangivedefinitivehelpastowhatbooksareavailableonthistopic.關(guān)于這個(gè)話題會(huì)有些什么書，博物館目錄可以給予最好的幫助。certainandunlikelytochange確定的；最后的；決定性的Thegovernmentstillwon'tgiveadefinitiveanswerastowhenitwillsolvetheissue.關(guān)于這個(gè)問題何時(shí)解決，政府仍然不會(huì)給出確定的答案。sanea.reasonableandbasedonsensiblethinking明智的；清醒的Theytaughtmehowtoremainsaneunderpressure.他們教會(huì)了我如何在面臨壓力時(shí)保持清醒。abletothinkinanormalandreasonableway心智健全的；神志正常的Hewasperfectlysanewhenhecommittedthecrime.他犯罪時(shí)神志完全正常。ecologicala.(usu.beforenoun)relatingtotheenvironmentandthewayplants,animals,andhumanslivetogetherandaffecteachother生態(tài)的Theyhavecreatedanambitiousprogramtopreservetheecologicaldiversityoftheirtropicalrainforest.他們制訂了一個(gè)雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃，要保護(hù)他們的熱帶雨林的生態(tài)多樣性。ozonen.[U]akindofoxygenthatexistshighintheearth'satmosphere臭氧Anintactozonelayerpreventsabout99percentofthesun'sUVraysfromreachingtheearth.一個(gè)完好的臭氧層可以阻止99%的太陽紫外線到達(dá)地球表面。depletevt.reducetheamountofsth.orthenumberofthings減少；削減Ifwecontinuetodepletetheearth'snaturalresources,wewillcauseseriousdamagetotheenvironment.如果我們繼續(xù)減少地球上的自然資源的話，我們將對(duì)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重破壞。depletionn.[U]theactofreducingsth.greatly減少；削減Somescientistsareconvincedthatthedepletionoftheearth'sozonelayerwillcontributetoanincreaseinskincancers.一些科學(xué)家確信，地球臭氧層的減少會(huì)引起皮膚癌的增加。correlationn.[C,U](fml.)aconnectionorrelationshipbetweentwoormorethingsthatisnotcausedbychance相互關(guān)系；聯(lián)系；關(guān)聯(lián)Thesurveyalsostudiedthecorrelationbetweenageandjobsatisfactioninschoolsettings.該調(diào)查也研究了學(xué)校環(huán)境中年齡與工作滿意度之間的關(guān)系。ecologyn.[sing.,U]thewayinwhichplants,animals,andpeoplearerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironment,orthescientificstudyofthis生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)Manynationsconcernthemselvesonlywitheconomicdevelopment,regardlessofitseffectontheglobalecology.很多國家只關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，而不顧它對(duì)全球生態(tài)的影響。thermala.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtoorcausedbyheat熱的；熱量的；由熱造成的Thisareaisrichinthermalresources.這一地區(qū)的熱能資源很豐富。atlasn.[C]abookofmaps地圖冊Theatlasusesavarietyofgraphicaltechniques,includingtablesandbarcharts.地圖冊應(yīng)用了各種圖表技術(shù)，包括表格和柱狀圖。planetarya.oforrelatingtotheearthasaplanet地球(上)的；全球的；世界范圍的Theplanetarycrisisweareexperiencingtodayrequiresconsistentactioninallfieldsofgovernmentalpolicy.我們今天正在經(jīng)歷的地球危機(jī)需要各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的政府政策采取目標(biāo)一致3的行動(dòng)方案。oforrelatingtoaplanetorplanets行星的Wenowknowalotmorethaneverbeforeabouttheearlystagesofplanetaryformation.我們現(xiàn)在對(duì)行星形成的早期階段的了解要比以前任何時(shí)候都多得多。reversiblea.abletoreturnorbechangedtoapreviousstate可逆轉(zhuǎn)的；可倒轉(zhuǎn)的Thestudyshowsthattheobesity-relatedcognitiveeffectsmightbepartlyreversible.這項(xiàng)研究表明，肥胖對(duì)認(rèn)知能力所產(chǎn)生的影響或許是部分可逆的。chordn.（strike/toucha?withsb.）produceanemotionsuchassympathyinsb.引起（某人的）共鳴；觸動(dòng)（某人的）心弦Thefilmstruckachordwithmostoftheaudience.這部電影引起了大多數(shù)觀眾的共鳴。[C]twoormoremusicalnotesplayedtogether（音樂的）和弦；和音Themusicbeganwithaloudchord.這首曲子以響亮的和弦開始。regimen.[C]agovernmentthatcontrolsacountry,esp.inastrictorunfairway政權(quán)Thepoliticsoftheformerregimewererejectedbythenewgovernmentleadership.新政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層摒棄了前政權(quán)的政治主張。parametern.[C,usu.pl.]alimitthataffectshowsth.canbedone界限；范圍Asanexperimentalschool,itkeepsexpandingtheparametersofitscurriculum.作為一所實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校，它在不斷擴(kuò)大課程范圍。overta.nothiddenorsecret公開的；公然的Womenbossesstillfaceresistance—bothsubtleandovert.女性上司仍然要遭遇阻力，其中既有隱形的也有公開的。allegevt.saythatsth.istrueorthatsb.hasdonesth.wrongorillegaleventhoughthishasnotbeenproved（未經(jīng)證實(shí)地）宣稱，指責(zé)，指控Theaccusedisallegedtohaverobbedabank.據(jù)稱，該被告搶劫了一家銀行。incompatiblea.4（oftwothings）soopposedincharacterastobeincapableofexistingtogether不相容的；不兼容的；不協(xié)調(diào)的Itmustberecognizedthatorganizationsinevitablyhavesomeincompatiblegoals,必須承認(rèn)，不同的組織有些目標(biāo)難免會(huì)不相協(xié)調(diào)。dreadfula.causinggreatfearorsuffering;shocking使人震驚的；可怕的Shelookedratherwell,andnotasifshemightbedyingofadreadfuldisease.她看上去不錯(cuò)，并不像是可能要死于某種可怕的疾病。veryunpleasant糟透了的；非常討厭的Wehavehadsomedreadfulweatherrecently.最近我們這里的天氣糟透了。pletely,esp.sth.bad根除Thehospitalisworkinghardtoeradicatemistakes.這家醫(yī)院正在努力消除醫(yī)療失誤。sovereigntyn.[U]completefreedomandpowertogovern主權(quán)；最高統(tǒng)治權(quán)；最高權(quán)威Thenewconstitutionaimstoprotectpublicandindividuallibertiesandestablishthesovereigntyoflaw.新憲法旨在保護(hù)公眾及個(gè)人的自由，并建立法律的最高權(quán)威。thepowerthatanindependentcountryhastogovern（國家的）主權(quán)，獨(dú)立主權(quán)Nonationcanclaimsovereigntyoverspace.沒有國家能宣稱對(duì)太空擁有主權(quán)。coalitionn.[C]agroupofpeoplewhojointogethertoachieveaparticularpurpose,usu.apoliticalone（常為某種政治目的而組成的）聯(lián)盟，同盟Ifyouwanttojointhecoalitionagainstterrorism,we'llwelcomeyouin.如果你想加入反恐怖主義聯(lián)盟，我們將歡迎你的加入。aunionoftwoormorepoliticalpartiesthatallowsthemtoformagovernmentorfightanelectiontogether（政黨之間的）聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合Mr.Clarkhaspledgedonbehalfofthecoalitiongovernmenttopursuesocialreform.克拉克先生已經(jīng)代表聯(lián)盟政府承諾要進(jìn)行社會(huì)改革。legislativea.（onlybeforenoun）concernedwithmakinglaws立法的Inordertounderstandthelegislativeprocess,itisnecessarytoknowsomethingaboutthenatureofthelawmakingbodyitself.為了了解立法過程，有必要對(duì)立法機(jī)構(gòu)本身的性質(zhì)有所了解。legalizationn.[U]theactofmakingsth.legalbycreatinganewlaw合法化Hiswordsarousedaheateddebatearoundthelegalizationofonlinegambling.他的話激起了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭博合法化的激烈辯論。propagatevt.spreadanidea,belief,etc.tomanypeople散布，宣傳(觀點(diǎn)、信仰等)Modernmediacanpropagaterumorsmuchmoreeasilythanbefore.現(xiàn)代媒體散布謠言要比以往容易得多。bizarrea.strangeanddifficulttoexplain古怪的；怪誕的；奇異的Theteacherdidn'treporttheboy'sbizarrebehaviortohisparentsimmediately.老師沒有把男孩怪異的舉止立即告知他父母。cariboun.[C]北美馴鹿standoffn.[C]adisagreementorfightinwhichneitheropponentcandoanythingtowinorachievetheiraim僵持；均衡Thepoliceweretryingtobreakupthestandoffbetweentheprotestersandthelocalbusinesspeople.警方正在努力打破抗議者與當(dāng)?shù)厣倘酥g的僵局。versusprep.(oftwothings)beingcomparedinordertoshowthattheyaredifferentorthatoneisbetterthantheother與…相比ThedebateonNatureversusNurtureisahotissueinsociology,politics,andeveninpeople'severydaylives.關(guān)于“先天與后天”的討論在社會(huì)學(xué)、政界甚至人們的日常生活中都是很熱門的話題。(oftwopeople,groups,orteams)competingagainsteachotherinasportseventoracourtcase(體育比賽或訴訟中)以…為對(duì)手ItalyversusJapanturnedouttobeasurprisinglywellmatchedcompetition.意大利隊(duì)對(duì)日本隊(duì)的比賽最終成了一場出人意料的勢均力敵的比賽。negligiblea.veryunimportantorsmall微不足道的；極小的Femaleparticipationinsporthasbeennegligibleuntilrecently.直到最近，女性參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)一直很少。ecosystemn.alltheplantsandanimalsinaparticulararea,consideredasasystemwithpartsthatdependononeanother生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Urbanizationhashadaseriousnegativeeffectontheecosystemoftheancienttown.城市化對(duì)這個(gè)古鎮(zhèn)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)造成了嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。sawn.atoolusedforcuttingwoodormetal,consistingofahandleandametalbladewithseveralsharpteethalongoneedge鋸Tomakethewoodbox,you'llneedsomebasictoolslikeasaw,electricdrill,hammer,etc.要做這個(gè)木箱子，你需要一些基本的工具，比如鋸子、電鉆、錘子等。v.（sawed,sawn）cutsth.withasaw（用鋸子）鋸，鋸開Theworkersweresawingoffdeadbranchesfromthetree.工人們正在把枯死的樹枝從樹上鋸下來。chopvt.cutsth.suchasfoodorwoodintosmallerpieces切；劈；砍Mikewouldhelphismotherchopsomefirewoodbeforeshemadethemeals.邁克會(huì)在媽媽做飯前幫她劈些柴火。n.asmallpieceofmeatwithaboneinit,usu.fromasheeporapig（羊、豬等）排骨Lambchopswerebothnourishinganddelicious.羊排既有營養(yǎng)又很美味。timbern.woodusedforbuildinghousesormakingfurniture木材；木料Sincethebanonlogging,manypeopleexpectasurgeoftimberimports.自從樹木砍伐遭禁，許多人都預(yù)計(jì)木材進(jìn)口會(huì)大幅增長。maneuvern.[C]anactionormovementthatyouneedcareorskilltodo細(xì)小的動(dòng)作；巧妙的移動(dòng)Arapidmaneuverbythedriverpreventedanaccident.司機(jī)快速的方向調(diào)整避免了一場事故的發(fā)生。acleverordishonestactionthatyoudotogetsth.youwant詭計(jì)；花招；伎倆Hewontheelectionthankstothemaneuversofhisteam.多虧他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的策略，他才贏得了選舉。v.movesb.orsth.inasituationthatneedscareorskill小心地移動(dòng)；巧妙地移動(dòng)Thechallengesfacingthenextmayorareimmense,andtheroomtomaneuverislimited.下任市長面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是巨大的，而且回旋的空間很有限。getsth.youwantbyusigacleverordishonestplan（用巧妙或不誠實(shí)的手段）謀得Shemaneuveredhimintoadirtyanddishonestdeal.她使用計(jì)策讓他參與了一項(xiàng)骯臟且不誠實(shí)的交易。habitatn.[C]thetypeofplacethatananimalnormallylivesinoraplantnormallygrowsin（動(dòng)物的）棲息地；（植物的）生長地Manyspeciesarebeingthreatenedinthewildduetotheincreasinghabitatdestructionbyman.由于越來越多的棲息地遭到人類破壞，許多野生物種正受到威脅。geologyn.[sing.]thewaythatparticularrocksorareasoftheearth'ssurfaceareformed地質(zhì)構(gòu)成；地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)SomecompaniesareconcernedthatthegeologyinEuropemaymaketheextractionofmineralsmorecomplex,一些公司擔(dān)心歐洲的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)使礦物開采變得更加復(fù)雜。[U]thescientificstudyofthestructureoftheearth,thewayinwhichitwasformed,andhowithaschangedovertime地質(zhì)學(xué)EverystudentiswelcometoProfessorBaker'sgeologyclass.歡迎各位學(xué)生參加貝克教授的地質(zhì)學(xué)課。hierarchyn.[C]（fml.）aseriesofthingsarrangedaccordingtotheirimportance等級(jí)系列Maslowhypothesizedahierarchyofneeds,wherebythesatisfactionofalowerneedwillresultinitsbeingreplacedbyahigherneed.馬斯洛提出了需求等級(jí)假設(shè)，低級(jí)需求被滿足后會(huì)被更高一級(jí)的需求所取代。[C,U]asystemfororganizingpeopleaccordingtotheirstatusinasociety,organization,orothergroup等級(jí)制度Therigidhierarchyofpowerinthecompanyeliminatesallpossibilitiesforhimtobepromoted.公司嚴(yán)格的權(quán)力等級(jí)制度使他一點(diǎn)兒升職的可能都沒有。intelligiblea.clearorsimpleenoughtounderstand明白易懂的；可理解的Althoughitwasratherartistic,thisfilmwasnotfullyintelligibletoordinarypeople.雖然很有藝術(shù)性，但是這部電影對(duì)普通人來說并不十分易懂。Phrasesandexpressionsdifferentiatebetweenidentifydifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople區(qū)分…；把...進(jìn)行區(qū)分Nolongerisheabletodifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality,andheshouldseekmedicalhelp.他不能區(qū)分虛幻和現(xiàn)實(shí)了，應(yīng)該去尋求醫(yī)療幫助。takeondevelopaparticularcharacterorappearance呈現(xiàn)（某種特征、面貌等）Therelationsbetweenthetwocountriesmaytakeonanewlook.兩國之間的關(guān)系或許會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出新面貌。run/goagainstthegrainbecompletelydifferentfromwhatyoufeelisright,natural,ornormalforyou與…格格不入；違反本性Hismusicgenerallyrunsagainstthegrainofwhatismodern.他的音樂總體上與現(xiàn)代音樂格格不入。beincompatiblewith（ofonethingorperson）benotconsistentorabletoexisttogetherwithanother與…不相容的；與…不能共存的Theanti-virussoftwareisincompatiblewithmycomputersystem.這款殺毒軟件與我的電腦系統(tǒng)不兼容。comethroughbestillalive,workingormakingprogressafteradifficultordangerousexperience安然度過（困難或危險(xiǎn)）Withsuchaweakheartshewasluckytocomethroughtheoperation,她心臟這么虛弱，能夠熬過手術(shù)真是幸運(yùn)。（ofamessage）besentandreceived（信息或消息等）傳來Atthispoint,Ican'tsaywhatordershavecomethroughandwherethey'regoing.目前，我還說不出傳來了什么命令以及他們將往哪里去。inparttosomedegree,butnotcompletely在某種程度上；部分地Theproject,fundedinpartbyUNESCO,willspanaperiodof12months.由聯(lián)合國教科文組織部分出資資助的這一項(xiàng)目期限是12個(gè)月。as...asthenextperson/manas...asanyotherpersonorman像其他人一樣Imightlookashonestasthenextperson,butIsometimestelldirtylies.我也許看上去和其他人一樣誠實(shí)，但我有時(shí)會(huì)惡意撒謊。choosesth.oversth.elseprefersth.tosth.else優(yōu)先選擇（某物）而非（另一物）Inlookingforbusinesspartners,wechoosequalityoverquantity.在尋找商業(yè)伙伴方面，我們注重質(zhì)量而非數(shù)量。ata...costatacostofaparticularamount以…的代價(jià)；花費(fèi)...Revenueincreasedbecausericewaspurchasedatalowcostandsoldtoconsumersatafixedhigherprice,由于稻米是以低價(jià)買進(jìn)但以固定的高價(jià)賣給消費(fèi)者的，所以收益得到增加。beboundup/togetherbeconnectedbyqualitiesthatareshared聯(lián)系在一起Hefeltthathisfateandthenation'sfatewereboundupinseparably.他感至U他的命運(yùn)與國家的命運(yùn)緊密相連，不可分割。beinorderbeasuitablethingtodoorsayonaparticularoccasion適宜，恰當(dāng)Ithinkaglassofchampagneisinorder,don'tyou?我覺得該來杯香檳，你說呢？becorrectorright妥當(dāng)，無誤Everythingisinorder.一切都辦妥了。frame/stateofmindthewaysb.isthinkingandfeelingataparticulartime心情；心態(tài)Itisimportantforaplayertogointoagamereadyandintherightframeofmind.選手以充分的準(zhǔn)備及恰當(dāng)?shù)男膽B(tài)進(jìn)場比賽是很重要的。PropernamesTedTurner泰德?特納（1938-,美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)CNN的創(chuàng)辦者）GeorgeH.W.Bush喬治?赫伯特?沃克?布什（1924-,美國第41任總統(tǒng)）Iowa衣阿華州（又譯作愛荷華州，位于美國中西部）NewMexico新墨西哥州（位于美國南部）Siberia西伯利亞（俄羅斯境內(nèi)北亞地區(qū)的一片廣闊地帶，為北半球冬季最寒冷的地方）Kansas堪薩斯州（位于美國中部）Protagoras普羅泰哥拉（公元前490?一公元前420?,古希臘哲學(xué)家）ArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge北極國家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)Oregon俄勒岡州（位于美國西北部太平洋沿岸）10SectionBprairien.[C]alargeflatareaincentralNorthAmericacoveredwithgrassandfarmlandbutwithouttrees（北美中部的）大草原，大農(nóng)場Theyrodeallthewaytotheedgeoftheprairie.他們一路騎著馬來到了大草原的邊緣。debrisn.[U]rubbishorpiecesofuselessmaterialthatmakeaplaceuntidy垃圾；廢物Spacedebrisisanincreasinglyseriousproblem,andscientistsareworkingonpossiblesolutions.太空垃圾是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問題，科學(xué)家們正在研究可能的解決辦法。thebrokenpiecesthatareleftwhensth.largehasbeendestroyed,esp.byanexplosion,fireoraccident（尤指爆炸、火災(zāi)或事故后留下的）廢墟，瓦礫堆，殘骸Somefamouspaintingswerefoundinthedebrisoftheapartmentdestroyedintheexplosion.一些名畫在公寓廢墟里被發(fā)現(xiàn)，公寓是在爆炸中被毀壞的。convergeefromdifferentdirectionstoreachthesamepoint會(huì)合；匯聚Lotsofpeopleconvergedonthetownsquaretocelebratethevictory.許多人匯聚在小鎮(zhèn)的廣場上慶祝勝利。（ofideasoraims）becomethesameorverysimilar（觀點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)）趨同AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishareconvergingthankstoincreasedtravelacrosstheAtlanticandthemedia.由于大西洋兩岸之間旅行的增加及媒體的影響，美式英語和英式英語越來越趨于一致。shrubn.[C]alowthickbush,esp.onethathasbeenplantedinagarden（尤指種在園子里的）灌木（叢）Sheplantedsomerosesandshrubsinhergarden.她在園子里種了些玫瑰和灌木。vegetationn.[U]（fml.）plantsandtrees植被；植物；草木Desertareasareexpectedtoextend,whichposesagreatthreattothediversityofvegetation.沙漠區(qū)域預(yù)計(jì)將會(huì)擴(kuò)大，這對(duì)植被多樣性將造成很大威脅。mattressn.[C]thesoftpartofabedthatyoulieon床墊IwaslyingonamattresstorelaxwhenIheardanexplosionnotfaraway,我正躺在一個(gè)墊子上休息，突然聽到不遠(yuǎn)處傳來的爆炸聲。11texturen.[C,U]thewaysth.feelswhenyoutouchit手感；質(zhì)感；質(zhì)地Thetextureofthenapkinsisslightlyrough.這種紙巾的質(zhì)地有點(diǎn)粗糙。plean.[C]anurgentoremotionalrequestforsth.懇求；請求；央求Mr.Smithmadeanemotionalpleaforhelpinsolvingthismurder.史密斯先生充滿感情地請求，希望在破獲這樁謀殺案時(shí)得到幫助。(legal)astatementthatsb.makesinacourtoflawtosaywhethertheyareguiltyornot(法庭上的)答辯，辯護(hù)，申訴Thejudgeacceptedthepleaandsentencedhisbrothertotwoyearsprobation.法官接受了申訴，給他弟弟判了兩年緩刑。presidevi.beinchargeofanofficialmeeting,ceremony,orotherevent主持；主管；負(fù)責(zé)Theex-mayorhasacceptedtheinvitationtopresideatthemeeting.前市長已經(jīng)接受了邀請主持會(huì)議。impairvt.(fml.)makesth.lessgoodoreffective,esp.bycausingdamagethataffectsthewaysth.works削弱；損害Leadisapoisonwhichimpairsthedevelopmentofthenervesandthebrain.鉛是一種有毒物質(zhì)，會(huì)損害神經(jīng)和大腦發(fā)育。marshn.[C]anareaofsoftwetland沼澤；濕地Inamarsh,surfacewatercangoslowlydownthroughthesoilintotheundergroundrock.在沼澤地，地表水可以通過土壤緩慢流入到地下的巖石中。cranen.[C]alargebirdwithlonglegsandalongneckthatlivesnearwater鸛；鶴；鷺AvisitorreportedthathesawacraneonthereserveonSaturday.有位游客報(bào)告說，他星期六在自然保護(hù)區(qū)看見了一只鸛。averytallmachineusedforliftingormovingheavyobjectsandbuildingtallbuildings起重機(jī)；吊車Afterhighschoolhebecameaheavy-craneoperator.高中畢業(yè)后，他成了一位重型起重機(jī)操作員。12overpassn.[C]（BrEflyover）astructurelikeabridgethatallowsoneroadtogooveranotherroad立交橋；高架公路Howshouldpeopleensuretheirsafetywhengoingthroughanoverpass?人們穿越立交橋時(shí)，該怎樣確保自己的安全呢？contaminatevt.makesth.dirty,pollutedorpoisonousbyaddingachemicalorwaste污染；弄臟Thetown'swatersupplyhasbeencontaminatedbychemicalsfromthefactory.鎮(zhèn)上的供水已經(jīng)被工廠的化學(xué)品污染了。affectsth.orsb.inanegativeway玷污；毒害Nowadays,someunhealthyonlineinformationcaneasilycontaminateyoungstudents'minds.當(dāng)今網(wǎng)上一些不健康的信息很容易毒害年輕學(xué)生的思想。vulgara.lackinggoodjudgmentortaste庸俗的；低級(jí)的Shewasknownbytherathervulgarnameof"Pretty".她因?yàn)橛小靶∶烂馈边@個(gè)十分庸俗的名字而被人所知。（ofremarks,jokes,etc.）veryrudeandoffensiveusu.withasexualmeaning（言語、玩笑等）下流的，猥褻的Ifheinsultsarefereelikeme,hewillusethesamevulgarlanguagetootherreferees,如果他能侮辱像我這樣的裁判，他就會(huì)對(duì)其他裁判使用同樣下流的語言。notbehavingpolitelyinsocialsituations（行為）無禮的，粗俗的，粗野的Laughterhasbeenobjectedtoasvulgarincertainculturesbecause,inlaughing,themouthisopenwideandtheteethareshown.在某些文化中，大笑被認(rèn)為是粗俗的行為而遭到反對(duì)。因?yàn)樵诖笮r(shí)，人的嘴巴大張且牙齒也會(huì)露出來。zoologicala.oforrelatingtothescientificstudyofanimals動(dòng)物學(xué)的；動(dòng)物的Theseguysweren'tspecialists,buttheybroughtbackwonderfulzoologicalspecimens.這幫人不是專家，卻帶回了極好的動(dòng)物標(biāo)本。mutationn.[C]adistinctformresultingfromachangeinthegenesofaplantoranimal突變體；突變型Themutationsoftheanimalarousedthescientists'interest.這種動(dòng)物的突變體引起了科學(xué)家的興趣。[C,U]achangeinthegenesofaplantoranimalthatcausesittobecomedifferentfromothersofitstype（動(dòng)物或植物的）突變Hisdiseaseiscausedbyagenemutation.他的病是由基因突變引起的。13antelopen.[C]羚羊grazevi.eatgrassgrowinginafield吃草Thedeerhadbeengrazingquietlytillthebirdscame.這些鳥到來之前，鹿一直在安靜地吃草。vt.putananimalinaplacewhereitcaneatgrass放牧；放?…啃食牧草Ranchersarechargedmonthlyfeestograzecattleandsheep.牧場主放牧牛羊要被收取月費(fèi)。preyn.[U]ananimalthatiscaughtbyanotheranimalandeaten獵物；捕獲物Huntersareafraidthattoomanypeoplewillfrightenawaytheirprey.獵手們擔(dān)心人太多會(huì)把他們的獵物嚇跑。sb.thatacriminalordishonestpersonattacks,cheats,orharms（襲擊、欺騙或傷害的）對(duì)象，受害者Thosewhoarenotarmedwithknowledgecanbeeasypreyforthesemeanpeople,那些沒有知識(shí)武裝的人很容易上這些卑鄙小人的當(dāng)。slaughtervt.killanimals,esp.fortheirmeat屠宰；宰殺Thegovernmentsaiditwasnecessarytoslaughtertheentireherdofcowstocontaintheoutbreakofthedisease.政府說有必要宰殺整群奶牛以控制疾病爆發(fā)。killalotofpeopleinaviolentway屠殺；殺戮；殘殺DuringWorldWarII,millionsofinnocentcivilianswereslaughteredbytheNazis.二戰(zhàn)期間，數(shù)百萬無辜平民遭納粹殘殺。（infml.）defeatanopponentthoroughlyorcompletely徹底打敗Theteamwasslaughteredagain,whichcompletelybroketheirdreamtowinthechampionship.這支隊(duì)又一次慘敗，完全粉碎了得冠軍的夢想。heoppositepositiontotheoneitwasinbefore,esp.byturningitupsidedown使倒轉(zhuǎn);使反向；（尤指）使倒置Sheremindedhersonnottoinvertthebottleincasethewaterinsidecameout,她提醒兒子不要把瓶子倒轉(zhuǎn)，以免里面的水流出來。obedienta.doingwhataperson,law,orrulesaysyoumustdo服從的；順從的；遵守紀(jì)律的Theboyissoobedient,andIdeeplylovehim.這個(gè)男孩真聽話，我非常喜歡他。14cordn.[pl.]（vocal-sorvocalchords）theverythinmusclesinsideyourthroatthatyouuseformakingsounds聲帶Shedecidedtohavevocalcordsurgerytochangehervoice.她決定做聲帶手術(shù)以改變自己的聲日。[C,U]strongthickstring粗線；細(xì)繩Marywaswindingthetelephonecordaroundherfingers.瑪麗正在手指上繞著電話線。repressivea.notallowingtheexpressionoffeelingsordesires,esp.sexualones（尤指性欲）壓抑的，抑制的，克制的Undersuchrepressivecircumstances,itwasimpossibleforwomentorecognizethetrueextentoftheirowncapabilities.在如此壓抑的境況下，婦女是不可能認(rèn)識(shí)到自己能力的真正大小的。2rulingorcontrollingpeoplebytheuseofforceorviolence,orbylawsthatputunreasonablelimitsontheirfreedom（統(tǒng)治或法律）殘酷的，嚴(yán)苛的Intherepressiveatmosphereofthetime,themilitaryregardedthemasrebels.在當(dāng)時(shí)那種嚴(yán)酷的氛圍下，軍方是把他們看作叛亂分子的。hunchv.（usu.passive）sitorstandwithyourbackandshoulderscurvedforward（使）弓身坐著（或站著）Heissittingbehindhisdesk,hunchedoveralegalpad,writingsomething,他坐在桌子后面，俯身在一本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拍紙簿上寫著什么東西。detachvt.removeapartfromsth.;separate拆下；使分離Youcandetachthehoodifyoupreferthecoatwithoutit.如果你穿風(fēng)衣時(shí)不喜歡戴風(fēng)帽的話，你可以把它拆下來。sendagroupofsoldierstoperformaspecialjobseparatelyfromtherestoftheirgroup派遣Severalplanesweredetachedtosearchforsurvivors.有幾架飛機(jī)被派遣去搜尋幸存者。detacheda.notfeelinginvolvedwithsb.orsth.inacloseoremotionalway冷淡的；不帶感情的；公正的；超然的Attimes,thesingerseemedtired,butheneverappearedunprofessional,joyless,ordetached.有時(shí)候，那位歌手看上去很累，但他從來沒有表現(xiàn)出不專業(yè)、不高興或冷漠疏遠(yuǎn)。（ofahouseorotherbuilding）notjoinedtoanotheroneitherside（房子）獨(dú)立式的，分開的Pricetagsonthesenewdetachedhousesrunfrom$150,000to$200,000.這些新的獨(dú)立式住宅標(biāo)價(jià)在15萬至20萬美元之間。15concurrentlyad.（fml.）happeningordoneatthesametime同時(shí)發(fā)生（或完成）地Infact,theDVDversionofthemovieisconcurrentlyonsaleatastorenearthetheater.事實(shí)上，這部電影的光碟在劇院附近的一個(gè)商店里同步出售。injectvt.putliquid,esp.adrug,intosb.'sbodybyusingaspecialneedle注射（尤指藥物）Aspecificsolutionwasinjectedintotheanimaltomakeitsleep.一種特定的溶液被注射到了這個(gè)動(dòng)物體內(nèi)以使它入睡。addsth.newtoasituation注入；增添Theinvestmenthelpedinjectvigorintothisdifficultenterprise.該投資有助于為這家困難企業(yè)注入活力。entityn.[C]（fml.）aseparateunitthatiscompleteandhasitsowncharacter獨(dú)立存在體；實(shí)體Thesecompaniesareallowedtooperateasasinglebusinessentitywhilemaintainingseparatestaff.這些公司被允許作為同一個(gè)企業(yè)實(shí)體運(yùn)行，但可各自擁有自己的員工。greasen.[U]athicksubstancesimilartooil,usedonmachinepartsformakingthemworksmoothly（用于機(jī)器部件使其順利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的）潤滑油，油脂Applyingalittlegreasetothewheelswillhelpyouskatefaster.在輪子上涂點(diǎn)潤滑油會(huì)使你溜冰溜得更快。fatthatcomesoutofmeatwhenyoucookit（肉中烹出的）油脂Wecouldsmellthebacongrease.我們能聞到熏肉的油脂味兒。ducingalotofnaturaloil油性的Iusuallydon'tlikeboyswithgreasyhair.我通常不喜歡頭發(fā)油油的男孩。containingorcookedwithtoomuchoilorfat多脂的；油膩的Nowandthen,Igetapowerfulurgetoeatgreasyfood.偶爾，我會(huì)有強(qiáng)烈的沖動(dòng)想吃油膩的食物。veryfriendlyandpoliteinawaythatisunpleasantandnotsincere滑頭的；油滑的Itwasunexpectedthatheshouldchoosesuchagreasypersontohelphimintheelectioncampaign.他居然選擇這樣一個(gè)滑頭的人來幫助他競選，真是出乎意料。liquorn.[U]（technical）alcoholicdrinks酒精飲料Exoticliquorssuchaspapaya,banana,andgingercanbesampledinsmallglasses.木瓜、香蕉、16生姜等風(fēng)味的異國酒精飲料可以用小玻璃杯品嘗。（mainlyAmE）strongalcoholicdrinks烈性酒There'saliquorstorearoundtheblockwhereyoucouldgetsomewhisky.這個(gè)街區(qū)附近有家賣酒的商店，在那里你可以買到威士忌。peelvt.removesth.fromthesurfaceofsth.else,esp.bytakingoneendorsideandpullingitup剝；撕；抽Oneofthekidswaspeelingthelabelfromthecan.其中有個(gè)孩子正把標(biāo)簽從罐子上撕下來。removetheskinfromafruitorvegetable削去或剝?nèi)ィㄋ蚴卟耍┑钠ecouldpeelanapplewiththeskininonepiece.他削蘋果能使蘋果皮連成一條。vi.（ofpaper,skin,orpaint）comesoff,usu.insmallpieces（紙、皮膚或油漆）脫落，剝落Aftersunbathing,alwaysapplyamoisturizeroverfaceandbodytopreventpeeling.進(jìn)行日光浴后，你要在臉部和身體上抹些潤膚膏以防止蛻皮。repressionn.[U]theuseofforceorviolencetocontrolpeople鎮(zhèn)壓Childprotectionactivitiesaimtofreechildrenfromallsortsofviolenceandrepressionandtohelpthemseekhealthyphysicalandmentaldevelopment.兒童保護(hù)活動(dòng)旨在把兒童從各種暴力和壓制中解放出來，并幫助他們尋求健康的身心發(fā)展。thebehaviorofsb.whorefusestoshoworadmitstrongfeelingsthattheyhave（對(duì)感情的）抑制，壓抑Hefeltthatmuchunhappinesswascausedbyrepression.他覺得大多數(shù)不開心都是由情感壓抑引起的。mansionn.[C]alargehouse,esp.abeautifulone大房子；大樓；（尤指）富麗堂皇的大廈Istronglyrecommendthislovelymansion,whichiswellworthavisit.我強(qiáng)烈推薦這座可愛的大房子，它非常值得參觀。strollvi.walkwithouthurrying,oftenforpleasure散步；溜達(dá)；閑逛Myfriendlikestostrollalongtherivertoenjoythesceneryonbothbanks.我朋友喜歡沿著河邊散步，欣賞兩岸風(fēng)景。flapv.（ofbird'swings）movequicklyupanddown（鳥翼）振動(dòng)；（鳥）振（翅）Asmallbirdflappeditswingshard,tryingtoflyupward.一只小鳥用力拍打著翅膀，努力向上飛。17movenoisilyupanddownorfromsidetoside,hewind（尤指在風(fēng)中）飄動(dòng)，擺動(dòng)Inthedark,wecouldhearthesailsflappingaboveus.黑暗中，我們能聽到船帆在頭上飄動(dòng)。coexistencen.[U]（fml.）asituationinwhichpeoplelivetogetherorthingsexisttogetheratthesametimeorinthesameplace共處；共存Mutualrespectisessentialtopeacefulcoexistenceofallcountries.相互尊重是各國之間和平共處所必需的。subscribev.（~tosth.）agreewithanidea同意，贊同（想法）paymoneysothatyouwillregularlyreceivecopiesofanewspaperormagazine訂閱（報(bào)紙或雜志）odorn.[C]asmell,esp.onethatisunpleasant氣味；（尤指）臭味Toeliminatetheodor,washtheclothesinthehottestwaterpossible.要去除臭味，得把衣服用最熱的水進(jìn)行清洗。botanicala.relatingtoplantsorthescientificstudyofplants植物的；植物學(xué)的Mostroomshavegardenviewsandaredecoratedwithcurtainsfeaturingbotanicalprints.大多數(shù)房間都能看到花園，而且都裝飾著植物印花窗簾。cavityn.[C]aspaceinsidesb.'sbody（身體的）腔Ifsomebodyishidingexplosivesinabodycavity,canairportscanningmachinespickthemup?如果有人把炸藥藏在體腔內(nèi)，機(jī)場掃描儀能檢測到它們嗎？aholeinatooth,causedbydecay齲齒的洞Thedentistsaysshehasperfectteeth,andthereisn'tacavityinhermouth.牙醫(yī)說她牙齒完好，沒有齲齒洞。alienatevt.makesb.feelthattheydonotbelongtoaplaceorgroup使疏遠(yuǎn);使不容于（某地或某群體）；使感到格格不入Theyfearthatthebusyandnoisyenvironmentwillalienateolderpeople.他們擔(dān)心繁雜而吵鬧的環(huán)境會(huì)使年長者感覺格格不入。makesb.dislikeyou,ornotwanttohelporsupportyou使厭惡；使敵對(duì)18Thepresidentalienatedpublicsafetyofficersacrossthecountrybyhiscomments.總統(tǒng)的評(píng)論弓I起了全國公共安全官員們的反感。intoleranta.notw