2020年浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及答案SectionIlisteningcomprehension(20marks,1markeach)PartADirections:YouwillhearapassageaboutDisneyland’sOpeningDayin1915.Listenandcompletethesentenceinquestions1-5withtheinformationyou’veheard.Writenotmorethan3wordsineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.DisneylandParkwasopenedtothepubliconMonday.Onthatday,thetemperaturewasanunusuallyhigh101T—.TheparkgotsuchbadpressfortheeventdayWaltDisneyand1955executivesforever1.2.3.—referredtothedayas.ThefirstpersontobuyaticketandentertheparkwasDavidMacPhersonwithnumber2.ThetwochildrenwithwhomWaltDisneyhadanofficialphototakenbothreceived_toDisneyland.4.5PartBDirections:YouwillhearapassageaboutHarvardExtensionSchool.Answerthequestions6-10whileyoulisten.Usenotmorethan5wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthequestion.WhatdidJohnLowellJr.’swillin1835leadtocreate?Whatistoday’strendforforumthatallowspeopletolearneveryday?HowmanyundergraduateandgraduatecoursesisHarvardExtensionSchoolofferingthisyear?WhenwasUniversityExtensionatHarvardfounded?Lowell’sfirststepinofficewhenhewasnamedpresidentofHarvardin1909?.10—PartCDirections:Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingpassageaboutJohnGrisham.Younowhave15secondstoreadchoicesforquestion11T3.A.AcaseofmurderB.AcaseofrapeHisfather’sexperienceD.HislifeonthefarmItwaspopularatthetimeofpublicationItearnedGrishamgreatfameC.ItbroughtGrishamwealthItwascarriedbyTheNewYorkTimeasaseriestoachievehislife’sgoalasaprofessionalbaseballplayer.tocoachchildrenbaseball.toseehischildhooddreambeingrealizedinthechildren.toprovidefacilitiesofbaseballtraining.Directions:Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingpassageaboutChangesWhenBecomingGrandparents.Younowhave15secondstoreadchoicesforquestion14T6.14.15.A.Hefeelsjealous.amazed.C.Hethinksitunnecessary.annoying.B.HefeelsD.Hethinksit16.A.Theygethighlyenergetic.down.C.Theywantmoresweets.B.TheyquietD.Theygotobed.A.Theybehaveverywell.B.Theylikechocolateverymuch.C.Theyreceivetoysformtheirgrandparents.D.Theyarehavingalotoffun.Directions:Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingpassageaboutEcotourism.Younowhave15secondstoreadchoicesforquestion17-20.A.Itmeanttohavetouristshelpintheconservationofwildlife.Itmeanttohavewildspeciesrespondwelltocontactwithhuman.Itmeanttomakewildspeciesreducestressandabnormalbehavior.Itmeanttomakeconservationistsmoreconcernedwithwildlife.toreallyencouragepeopletoprotectwildlifeanditshabitat.tostrictlyfollowenvironmentallyfriendlypolices.C.toactuallylackproperexaminationandofficialapproval.D.toseriouslydamagethehabitatsofendangeredspecies.A.Itwilldisturbtheirlife.B.Itwillaffecttheirhealth.Itwillincreasetheirstress.D.Itwillthreatentheirsurvival.toencouragepeopletomanageendangeredspecies.toreducetheexposureofwildlifetohumanbeings.tohelpwildanimalsincreasetheirfitness.topreventwildlifeformcatchinghumandisease.SectionIIVocabulary(15marks,1markeach)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherechoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.“Likemostforeigner,Iaskalotofquestions,someofwhichareinsultinglysilly.ButeveryoneI—hasansweredthosequestionswithpatienceandhonesty.A.comeacrossB.comebyC.comeoverD.comeintoAmongpicturebooksfor4-8yearsolds,severaloutstandingworksappearedthatcombinedoriginalstorieswith—illustrations.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imagingimagelessAsskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonseeming—:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyiterruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradictionThepartyleaderjustifiedhissubsequentre-election—hewayB.bynomeansC.onthegroundsD.totheextentAleadingBritishscholarhasproposedtranslatingShakespeareintocontemporaryEnglish—youngaudienceswhoareconfusedbyjokeswhichare4yearsoutofdate.A.inmemoryofB.atthecostofC.onbehalfofD.forthebenefitofTheobjectiveofthispopularconsultationistodetermine,—,thefinalpoliticalstatusoftheregion,whethertoremainofthecountryasaspecialdistrict,ortopartfromit.onceuponatimeB.onceandagainC.allatonceD.onceandfallallThe—choiceforaconsumer,therefore,isthechoiceamongtheavailableonesthatwillenablehimorhertomaximizeutility.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimisticTheAdultVocationalCollegeisanopportunitytogaintherightqualificationsforvariouscareers,foritoffersan—rangeofsubjectsandcourses.A.additionalB.excessiveC.adequateD.extensive29.It’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofcrimeswedoknowaboutweredetected—,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.A.byaccidentB.onscheduleC.ingeneralD.atintervalsIncalculatingthedailycaloriesrequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbeA.broughtintopracticeB.takenintoaccountthrownlightonD.lookdownuponThemoreanation’scompanies—factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry’srecordedexportswillbe.A.lieB.locateC.spotD.standThedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe_ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.A.witnessB.audiencesC.viewersobserversThebeliefthattheuniverseisimprovingandthatgoodwill—triumphoverevilprevails.A.ultimatelyB.conclusivelyC.feasiblyD.terminallyItwasdifficulttobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit—aswehadhoped.A.cameoffB.wentoffC.broughtoutD.madeoutThelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisetofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger_accordingtotheweather.A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modifiedSectionlllClozeTest(20marks,1markeach)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.ThecharacterofEuropean36.A.intellectualeducationdemandsB.intangiblethatthestudentdevelop36C.inquisitiveandsocialindividuality.D.ingeniousTheAmericanstudentis37.A.andB.givenachoicebetweenorrelyingonhimself37onC.fromD.others.withScholastically,the38.A.ofB.fundamentaldifferenceitosC.forD.betweentheEuropeanlecturesystemandtheAmericandiscussionsystem.TheEuropeansystemisboththestrengthandthelimitofEuropeaneducation.Thestrengthisthechallenge38thestudenttorelyonhimself;thesystemimposesalimitbecauseitis39,andattimesevencruelly,qualitative:onlyafewareabletosurvive.AseconddifferenceistheAmericancampus,atermwhichhasnoinEurope.There,thecampusisformedbythevariousclassrooms,facultyofficesandlaboratories.NowithTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.strictlyB.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigidA.equationequalequatorD.equivalentA.exceptionalexclusivelyextraordinarilyextensivelyA.awayB.outC.overD.inA.contraryoppositioncontrastconversationA.bodyB.unityextracurricularactivitiesarecarriedon.Thestudentsandtheprofessorsgototheuniversitieswhentheyhaveclassesandleaveassoonastheyare42.TheEuropeanuniversitiesprovidenosociallife;onthe43,itcreatesanasocialatmosphere.Thestudent44neverorganizescampusactivities:everythingislefttothe45oftheindividualstudents.Inthe46oftheseconsiderations,IthinkIcananswerthechallengeofthatprettyC.structureconstitutionTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.creativeB.initiativeC.originalD.imaginativeA.lightB.accordanceC.correspondenceD.virtueA.reactionsrespondsrepliesreflectionsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.involvesB.concernsC.includesD.relatesA.appealedsolicitedstruckD.astoundedcoed,thoughmyanswer50.A.dependenceB.isboundtobeincomdesolationplete.My47totheAC.reliancemericaneducationalsystD.isolationemaretwo.Thefirst51.A.contends48americanstudents.WB.intendshat49memostaboutC.attendsthemistheirconformD.tendsityandtheirfearof52.A.reasonB.50.Perhapscampusexcuselife51bynecessitytC.backgroundD.oconformity.Almostevcauseerystudentbelongsto53.A.whetherB.atleasttwoorganizabuttions.Whatisthe52C.ifD.asofthisassociativem54.A.likelyB.ania,53notthebasicaliketobesupportedbypC.likelihoodD.eoplewhothink54andlikesympathizewiththes55.A.companionB.ameidea?Nobodylikesfellowshipbeingalone,butitC.mateD.SectionWReadingComprehension(20marks,1markeach)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassagesomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness--forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.〃Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.Phil'sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown.""Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,""ourparticularcreature"refersto.fearofsomethingafiercebeastphysicalpainpublicridiculeFearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody.quickenourheartbeatandresponse.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstreamhelpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselvesFearbecomesaproblemonlywhen.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyisthedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysicalonecannotstandthedangeroneisnotwellpreparedforitDifferentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydangerpeople’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeaturesomepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoisepeoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoisePsychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour.homeeducationschooleducationparents?lifestyleearlyexperiencesPassage2Bothcivilizationandculturearefairlymodernwords,havingcomeintoprominentuseduringthe19thcenturybyanthropologists,historians,andliteraryfigures.Therehasbeenastrongtendenytousetheminterchangeablyasthoughtheymeanthesamething,buttheyarenotthesame.Althoughmodernintheirusage,thetwowordsderivedfromancientLatin.ThewordcivilizationisbasedontheLatincivis,ofacity.Thuscivilization,initsmostessentialmeaning,istheabilityofpeopletolivetogetherharmoniouslyincities,insocialgroupings.Fromthisdefinitionitwouldseemthatcertaininsects,suchasantsorbees,arealsocivilized.Theyliveandworktogetherinsocialgroups.Sodosomemicroorganisms.Butthereismoretocivilization,andthatiswhatculturebringstoit.So,civilizationisinseparableformculture.ThewordcultureisderivedfromtheLatinverbcolere,“totillthesoil”.Butcolerealsohasawilderrangeofstartingandpromotinggrowthanddevelopment.Onemaycultivateagarden:onemayalsocultivateone’sinterests,mind,andabilities.Initsmodernusethewordculturereferstoallthepositiveaspectsandachievementsofhumanitythatmakemankinddifferentfromtherestoftheanimalworld.Culturehasgrownoutofcreativity,acharacteristicthatseemstobeuniquetohumanbeings.Oneofthebasicandbest-knownfeaturesofcivilizationandcultureisthepresenceoftools.Butmoreimportantthantheirsimpleexistenceisthatthetoolsarealwaysbeingimprovedandenlargedupon,aresultforcreativity.Ittookthousandsofyearstogetfromthefirstwheeltothelatest,mostadvancedmodelofautomobile.Itistheconceptofhumansastoolmakersandimprovesthatdifferentiatesthemfromotheranimals.Amonkeymayuseasticktoknockabananafromatree,butthatstickwillnever,throughamonkey’scleverness,bemodifiedintoahookoraladder.Monkeyshaveneverdevisedaspokenlanguage,writtenabook,composedamelody,builtahouse,orpaintedaportrait.Tosaythatbirdsbuildnestsandbeaverstheirdensistomissthepoint.Peopleoncelivedincaves,buttheircleverness,imaginationandcreativityledthemtoprogressbeyondcavestobuildings.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthewords“civilization”and"culture”?TheyareidenticalB.Theyaredifferentconcepts.C.Theycanoftenbeusedinterchangeably.TheyaredenieddifferentbydifferentpeopleAccordingtotheauthortheword“civilization”originallyrefersto.people’swayoflifeincitiespeople’sabilitytolivetogetherincitiesatypeofsocialorganizationsanadvancedlevelofsociallifeTheLatinverbcolereoriginallymeansliveinacityB.developoneselfC.promotegrowthD.cultivatethelandTheauthorbelievesthatcreativityA.isauniquefeatureofcivilizedbeingsngsbringsforththeimprovementoftoolsistheresultofhumandevelopmenthelpstheadvanceofcultureTheauthormentionsmonkeysinthelastparagraphtoshowthat.monkeysarethesameasbirdspeopleoncelivedincaveslikemonkeysmonkeyscanneverdevelopintohumanbeingsmanisdifferentfromotheranimalssuchasmonkeysPassage3Job-relatedillnessesaregrowinginfrequency.In1985,therewere390,0casesofillnessesthatwerejobrelated,includinglungandbladder（膀胱）cancers,skinailments,emphysema（肺腫）,andheartdisease.Therewerealso1,0deaths.Manyoftheseillnessesanddeathsareattributabletochemicallyhazardoussubstances.腫）,Anobviousapproachtoreducingoccupationalillnessesistoridtheworkplaceofthechemicalagentsortoxinsthatarethesourceofmanyoftheproblems.However,sometimesthatisnotfinanciallyfeasibleortechnicallypossible.Analternativeapproachistocapitalizeonthefactthatnotallindividualsareequallysusceptibletohealthhazardsintheworkplace.Forexample,untiltheearly1970swhenstrictsafetystandardswereintroduced,allworkersinshipbuildingplantswereexposedtoexcessivelyhighlevelsofasbestos（石棉）dust,yetonlysomehave,orwilldevelop,respiratoryproblemssuchasasbestosis,lungcancer,andemphysema.Researchershavebegunonlyacertainportiontoattackthepuzzlingproblemofworkgroupsthatare“hypersusceptible”toparticularchemicalagentsortoxins.Oneapproachistousegeneticinformationasameansofdifferentiatingbetweenthosewhowillandwillnothaveadversereactionstothetoxin.Atpresent,thereareseveralknowngeneticmarkersthatsignalanindividual’spredispositiontodevelopinghealthproblemsinthepresenceofcertainworkingconditions.Forexample,peoplewithapairofgenesdeficientinanenzymecalledG-6-PDaremorelikelythanotherstoexperienceabreakdownofredbloodcellsandconsequentanemia（血）whentheyworkwithchemicalscontainedinTNT,ortypesofantimalarialdrugs（抗瘧藥）.Recentresearchalsosuggestshatpresenceofadefectivegeneontheeleventhchromosome（體）reducesthebody’sabilitytoremoveexcesscholesterol（膽固醇）depositsfromarterywalls（動(dòng)脈壁），thuspredisposingcarriesofthegenetocoronaryartery（冠狀動(dòng)脈）disease.Presumably,individualswiththisgeneticanomaly（異常）wouldbemorelikelytohaveheartproblemswhenstressfuljobsituationsareencounteredthanthosewithoutit.Accordingly,geneticscreeningisbasedonthepremisethatindividualshavedifferentgeneticmarkersandsomeofthesedifferencescanbeusedtopredictpredispositiontooccupationaldiseases.Thereissomeevidencethatcertaincompanieshaveusedthegeneticscreeningtocontroltheincidenceofjob-relatedillnesses.Someofthecompaniesalsohadtakenactionasaresultofthetests,includingwarningemployeesaboutpotentialhealthproblems,transferringemployees,suggestingthatemployeesseekotherjobs,usingthedataforreplacementpurposes,orchangingtheproductionprocess.Theauthorstatesinthepassagethatchemicallydangeroussubstancesintheworkplace.A.havenothingtodowithoccupationalillnessesareresponsibleformanyoccupationalillnessesplayaminorroleinbringingaboutsuchoccupationaldiseasesaslungcancerandemphysemausuallygiverisetoskinailmentsTheauthorgivesanexampleofworkersinshipbuildingplants.toshowthatworkersareusuallysubjecttobadworkingconditionstoprovetherewerenosafetystandardsbefore1970towarnworkersagainstrespiratoryproblemstoshowthatnotallworkersexposedtochemicallydangeroussubstancesareliabletooccupationalillnessesHowmanyoccupationaldiseasesarelistedinthispassage?SixSevenEightNineAccordingtothepassage,whenapersonhasadefectivegeneontheeleventhchromosome,heorsheisintheriskofdeveloping.coronaryarterydiseasepulmonarydiseaserespiratorydiseasebladdercancerThispassageismainlyabout.howtoreducejob-relateddiseasetheincidenceofjob-relateddiseasesgenetictestingandthepreventionofjob-relateddiseasesthefunctionsofgeneticmarkersPassage4Theworkthatwomendohasalwaysbeenfundamentaltotheglobaleconomy.Buttheircontributionhasntregisteredwithtraditionaleconomicinstitutionsbecausesomuchofithasbeennonmonetary.Infact,onecommoneconomictermfornonmonetaryworkisinactivity.It’sthatattitudethathasmadewomen’sworkinvisible.Nowonderthebattlecryofthewomen’swasequality.Bymovingintotheworldofpaidwork,inrichcountriesatleast,womenhaveindeeduppedtheirvisibility.ButIdoubtthatyoucouldmakeaveryconclusivecasethattheyhavebecomeequaltomen.TheUnitedNationsestimatedin1993thateconomicequalitybetweenthesexeswouldtake,atthepacethenprevailing,10yearstoachieve.Themedialovefemalehighfliers,thehandfulofcompanydirectorsandCEOswhoaretrottedouttimeandagainasevidenceofthegainswomenhavemade.Buttheyarenottrulyrepresentativeoftheaverageworkingwoman,saddiedwithadoubleburdenasshetriestobalanceherjobwithlifeasamotherandhomemaker.Thisbalancingactisaformulaforunfulfillment.Itwouldhavebeenfarmoreequitableforwomeninthelongrunifitwasthenonmonetaryworkthathadbeensharedoutif,forexample,menspentmorethanafractionofthetimewiththeirchildrenthattheirwivesdo.Andbelievethat,inpractice,mostwomenwouldprefersimplefairnesstoeconomicequality.AsmyfriendHazelHendersonsays,ourkidsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zdidn’twanttoseeusturnintothebestbloodymen.Still,it’serymuchatrendtofocusontheglobaleconomicimpactofwomen,particularlyasit’sfeltinthesmall-scaleinitiativesthatwomenhaveestablishedaroundtheworld.Dealingdirectlywitheconomicallymarginalizedcommunitiesandcooperativesaroundtheglobe,Iveseenhowwomenholdasocietytogether.Economicopportunitymeansmuchmoretothemthanmoney.Italsofostersthefundamentalsofself-esteem:education,healthcare,culturalcontinuityandthechancetoprotectthepastwhileshapingafuture.Asenseofcommunityisoneoftheso-called“feminine”valuesthatethicalbusinessthinkersputforwardintheirquestfornewparadigms.Thesevaluesreflectintimatepersonalandculturalattributesthatareinmanywaysthereverseoftheglobal-marketsyndrome,whichisallaboutdistance,impersonalityandthemovementofcapitalregardlessofhumanconsequence.Youdon’thavetowonderwhatwouldhappenifwecouldfeminizeeconomicactivityandeconomicrelations.ThereisalreadyplentyofevidenceintheworkofsomepioneeringfemalethinkerswhoseconcernaboutthesocietytheirchildrenwillinheritpromisestofundamentallyTOC\o"1-5"\h\zchangeglobaleconomics.Infactmostofthefinancialsector’sinnovativethinkingonsociallyresponsiveinvestinghascomefromwomen.WhyamInotsurprised?Globalizationisamug’sgamebeingplayedinaMan’sworld.Icanimagineadaywhencompassioncountsasmuchascashflow.Afterall,thechallengesthatconfrontthebusinessworldalreadydemandaholisticperspective.Andwhoisgoingtobebestequippedtofacethatfuture?Accordingtothewriter,mostwomenwanttodemonstratehowresponsibletheyareindoingbusinessareignorantoftheglobaleconomyjustseeksimplefairnessratherthanqualityarefedupwiththeirhusbands’spendinglesstimetheirchildrenTheexpression“saddledwith”inLine10ofParagraph2means.letdownputupwithplayedupburdenedwithThefifthparagraphsuggeststhatineconomicactivityandeconomicrelations,womenA.aremuchmorecompassionatethanmenB.arelessqualifiedthanmenC.canmakealotofintimatefriendsD.attachmuchimportancetoeconomicconsequencesBysaying“Globalizationisamug’sgamebeingplayedinaman’sworld”，thewritermeans.itismenwhocanreallyhavetheeconomicglobalizationmaterializedmenareunlikelytosucceedineconomicglobalizationmendonottakeeconomicglobalizationseriouslyitisapieceofcakeformentoglobalizetheworldeconomyThewriterimpliesinthelastparagraphthatthepersonswhoaregoingtobebestequippedinworldeconomyare.universitystudentsfuturistsmenwomenSectionVTranslation(25marks)Directions:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononAnswerSheetII.一直以來(lái)，哈佛大學(xué)要求在校本科生除了自己的主修專業(yè)課程之外，還要修習(xí)一系列課程，以確保他們受到的本科教育涵蓋了寬泛的研究課題和研究方法。哈佛大學(xué)新的通識(shí)教育項(xiàng)目(generaleducationprogram)大膽地致力于將學(xué)生在課堂上學(xué)到的知識(shí)與校園圍墻外的生活、甚至畢業(yè)后的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。通識(shí)教育課程的內(nèi)容和其他的課程內(nèi)容具有相連性，但教學(xué)方式并不一樣。通識(shí)教育課程的目的不是將學(xué)生帶入一門學(xué)科，而是將一門學(xué)科融入學(xué)生的生活，通識(shí)教育項(xiàng)目把藝術(shù)和科學(xué)與學(xué)生面臨的21世紀(jì)的世界以及畢業(yè)后的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)，讓學(xué)生了解哈佛大學(xué)所有的研究課題和研究技巧。通識(shí)教育課程由本科生主修專業(yè)課程之外的一系列課程組成，從而取代了過(guò)去30多年來(lái)一直實(shí)行的核心課程體系(coresystem)。目前，有很多的通識(shí)教育課是由經(jīng)過(guò)較大修改的核心課程轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，其他諸如“生命的定義：從夸克(quark)到意識(shí)”這類課程就是全新的了。這些課程將課堂學(xué)習(xí)和其更廣泛的含義聯(lián)系起來(lái)，不僅是跨學(xué)科的，還超越了課堂本身。其中有些課程還是由不同系列的教授聯(lián)合授課的。在新的課程體系中，學(xué)生必須在八大課程類別中各選擇一門課程。這種新的體系鼓勵(lì)教授們以校外教學(xué)、動(dòng)手實(shí)驗(yàn)、客座演講和其他新穎模式進(jìn)行大膽創(chuàng)新，當(dāng)然也同樣鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去大膽創(chuàng)新。2020浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題答案Section1ListeningPARTA:July18,1955drinkingfountainsdryBlackSundayadmissionticket5.lifetimepassesPARTBtheHarvardExtensionSchooldistancelearningontheweb8.71910createauniversityExtensionPARTC11-20BDCBAAACDBSectionII21-25ABDCD26-30DADAB31-35BAACCSectionIII36-40ABCAD41-45BCAAB46-50AAACD51-55DDBBASectionIV56-60ADAAD61-65BBDBD66-70BDCAC71-75CDABD浙江大學(xué)18.19年來(lái)考博英語(yǔ)詞匯真題整理【浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)18年秋詞匯題】Hopingthathemightbeabletotheproblem,!askedManiotolookattheengine.AshedlightonBmakelightofCbringlighttoDsetlighttoHisandunwillinglesstolearnfromotherspreventhimfrombeinganeffectivememberoftheteam.AarroganceBdignityChumilityDsolitudeTheeconomygrewatitsfastestratesince1980thankstoa(n)inworldtrade.AinflationBstimulusCbulgeDboomHedecidedhewasgoingtotakeforthemurderofhissisterArefugeBtestifyCcertifyDallegeNooneexpectedhimtoagainsthisformeremployer.AdedareBtestifyCcertifyDallegeRachelwasthechoiceforthejobthankstohercommunicationskillsAunanimousBgenuineCharmniousDagreeableThepolicedetectiveputtogetherthepiecesofevidencetoformonaccount.AsenstiveBgenuineCexpressiveDcoherentYoushouldhaveyoureyesexaminedtobesureofyoureyesight.AperiodicallyBpersistentlyCcontinuouslyDcontinuallyYoushouldtreatthoseremarkswiththethattheydeservedon’tgivethemasecondthought.AnegativeBdisgraceCcontemptDsarcasmThebookisarainattempttothenameofoneoftheworstdictatorsinmodernhistory.AworshipBglorifyCadoreDcherishThegovernmentisseekingtoitselffromthelatestfinancial.AdetachBextractCderiveDeaseHeavyrainfulinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingisAimminentBmomentousCtransientDprospectiveHehisassistanttopickuptheplansfromtheoffice.AdisposeBdispensedCdispatchedDdispersedIdidn'tignoreherjustdidn'trecognizeher.AattentivelyBintensivelyCintentionallyDintenselyYouwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyincircumstancesAexceptionalBconcidentalCpeculiarDimperative參考答案：AADBBADAABBACCA【浙江大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)19年春詞匯題】Itisimportanttokeepthefactoryworkingatefficiencyallthetime.AoptimisticBoptimumCopticalDoptionalWeneedtotakestepstocounterthedeclineinourexportmarket.AlingeringBchronicClengthyDabidingHerhandwritingissobadthatitisbarelyAlegibleBintelligibleCdistinctiveDconceivableWearegoingtowhatwerelearnedsoforbydoingsomerevisionexercisetoday.AconsolidateBreinforceCaffirmDconformKerinmadeonelastattempttopersuadeSandratogowithhimandthenleftAconsiderableBtrivalCfutileDresultantTheschool