Unit2UsingLanguageObservethesecoloredwordsfromthisunit.1.Neitheristherepinenorapplein

pineapple.

2....sculptasculpture...

3.Whenwe...seerain...,wecansay“it's

raining”...

4.WHO

HaveALk=pine+apple=sculpt+ure(suffix)n.

v.=World

Health

OrganizationWordformationAbbreviation

縮略法Conversion轉(zhuǎn)化法Derivation

派生法Compounding

合成法

Focuson基本用法abbreviating(縮寫)changingthepartofspeech(改變詞性)addingaprefixorsuffix(加前綴或后綴)combiningtwoormorewords

(組合兩個或多個單詞)Readthetextinunderstandingideasandlookforwordsusingdifferenttypesofwordformation.Mthewordstothetypesofwordformation.hamburgereggplantpineapplesculpturepaintingseasickcarsickairsickhomesickhomeworkhouseworkhardlysoftlyharmfulharmlessshamefulshamelessrainsnowsunshineWHOITUSabbreviating(縮寫)hamburgereggplantpineapplesculpturepaintingseasickcarsickairsickhomesickhomeworkhouseworkhardlysoftlyharmfulharmlessshamefulshamelessrainsnowsunshineWHOITUSchangingthepartofspeech(改變詞性)hamburgereggplantpineapplesculpturepaintingseasickcarsickairsickhomesickhomeworkhouseworkhardlysoftlyharmfulharmlessshamefulshamelessrainsnowsunshineWHOITUSaddingaprefixorsuffix(加前綴或后綴)hamburgereggplantpineapplesculpturepaintingseasickcarsickairsickhomesickhomeworkhouseworkhardlysoftlyharmfulharmlessshamefulshamelessrainsnowsunshineWHOITUScombining(組合)twoormorewordshamburgereggplantpineapplesculpturepaintingseasickcarsickairsickhomesickhomeworkhouseworkhardlysoftlyharmfulharmlessshamefulshamelessrainsnowsunshineWHOITUS縮略法主要采取“截頭”、“去尾”或者“既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞。

Abbreviation(縮略法)—byabbreviatingphonemath/mathsadfridgefluplanetelephoneairplaneMathematicsadvertisementrefrigerator

influenzaCD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個單詞的首字母組成。Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化法）—bychangingthepartofspeech一個詞從一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞類的方法稱為“轉(zhuǎn)化法”。如名詞,形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecake.Shetookadrinkfromtheglassandthenputitdown.Youmustslowdownoryou'llmakeyourselfill.n.→v.，意為“注視”v.→n.,意為“飲料”adj.→v.,意為“放慢速度”Derivation(派生法)—byaddingapredixorsuffix派生詞一般有前綴(prefix)+單詞，或單詞+后綴(suffix)構(gòu)成。前綴+單詞一般不改變原詞的詞性，但會引起詞義的變化，一部分可構(gòu)成反義詞。①Idislikewaitingforanything.②Ihadcompletelymisreadhisintentions.

mis-+read,意為“誤解”dis-+like,意為“不喜歡，厭惡”前綴單詞+后綴一般不改變原詞的基本含義，只改變其詞性。①ThereisagrowingneedforqualifiedteachersofBusinessEnglish.teach+-er,表示人，意為“教師”②Theywillintroduceanewwashertothepublic.wash+-er,表示物，意為“洗衣機”

③Notallpeoplecanmakethisachievement.achieve+-ment，抽象名詞，意為“成就，成績”后綴sunflowersunflowerCompounding(合成法)—bycombiningtwoormorewords復合名詞1.名詞＋名詞sunglasssunglassmoonlightmoonlightbookshelfbookshelffiremanfireman2.形容詞＋名詞

loudspeaker,midnight,blackboard,software,mainland3.v-ing＋名詞

waiting-room,sitting-room4.動詞＋名詞

playground,watchtower,chopsticks,washroomhandwriting,thanksgiving,roller-skating5.名詞＋v-ing6.動詞＋副詞get-together,break-through7.副詞＋名詞downfall,outbreake.:

f.副詞＋v-ed:well-knowng.形容詞＋名詞:mid-east,round-triph.其它:

up/downstairs,everyday,take-away,outdoor,one-way,part-time,two-month,secondhand,mouth-to-mouth,so-so,on-line,so-called,five-year-old復合形容詞1.形容詞＋名詞＋edkind-hearted,short-sighted2.形容詞＋v-inggood-looking,easy-going3.副詞＋v-inghard-working,ever-lasting4.名詞＋v-ingEnglish-speaking,peace-loving5.名詞＋v-edman-made,air-borne6.副詞＋v-edwell-known,well-balanced7.形容詞＋名詞mid-east,round-tripdownstairs,everyday,take-away,outdoor,one-way,part-time,two-month,secondhand,so-so,on-line,so-called8.其它復合副詞其他復合動詞over+come=overcomefifty+four=fifty-four復合數(shù)詞everyone,somebody,anything,nobodydown+stairs=downstairswhole+heartedly=wholeheartedly復合代詞(副詞+動詞)(不定代詞+名詞)(形容詞+名詞)(副詞+副詞)Youcancheckfamousteachersaccompanyyouformoreexample.Completethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.P17Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofunfamiliarwords.Youmightthinkthisisabitscary.Butmanyofthemareformedusingothersimplerwords.Thisiscalledwordformation.

Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,__________(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapen)and____________(knownbymanypeople).penfriendwell-knownPrefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeanings.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeansopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s_________,andifsomeoneisn’thappythey’re_________.Wordswiththesuffixes–mentand–nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreat______________.incorrectunhappyimprovementSomenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,ortheotherwayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecome________.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentby____________it.Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords:“WorldTradeOrganization”canbereferredtoas________,and________isshortfor“assoonaspossible”.Itisimpossibletoknowthemeaningofeveryword,butknowingaboutwordformationcanhelpusguesstheirmeanings.calmpresentingWTOASAP1．bemadeupof由……組成[教材原句]Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords...(P17)而且有時一個單詞由幾個單詞的首字母組成……[歸納拓展](1)bemadeupof＝consistof由……組成(2)bemadeof由……材料制成(看出原材料)bemadefrom由……材料制成(看不出原材料)①Allsubstances,whethertheyaregaseous,liquidorsolid,aremadeupofatoms.所有物質(zhì)，無論是氣體、液體或固體，都是由原子構(gòu)成的。②Thecollection_____________________threeparts：poems,essaysandshortstories.這本作品是由詩、散文和短篇小說三部分組合而成的。③EarlypaperinChinawasmade________bamboofibre.中國早期的紙是由竹子纖維制成的。④IntheMiddleAges,thehousesweremade________wood.在中世紀時，房子是由木頭建造的。consistsof/ismadeupoffrom

of[溫馨提示]bemadeupof和consistof都是表示“由……組成”，但是consistof只能用主動形式，不可用于被動語態(tài)。

2.likelyadj.可能的；可能發(fā)生的

[歸納拓展]

(1)sb./sth.islikelytodo某人/某事有可能……

Itislikelythat...有可能……

(2)unlikelyadj.不可能的①We'vejustheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneislikelytocome.我們剛才從廣播里聽到一則警報：一場颶風可能會到來。②Youarelikely________(suffer)frombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.＝Itislikely________youwillsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.如果繼續(xù)吸煙，你的身體健康可能會受到損害。③Heis________(likely)tocometothepartytonightbecausehismotherisill.因為他母親病了，所以他今晚不可能來參加聚會。tosufferthatunlikely[巧學活用]一句多譯我父母可能不會讓我去看電影。(gotothecinema)①_____________________________________________________________.(Itis/waslikelythat)②_________________________________________________________.(sb./sthbelikelytodo)③_____________________________________________________________.(Itis/waspossible/probablethat)④_____________________________________________________________.（Itis/waspossible/probableforsb.todosth.)LookatthepicturesandgettoknowtheAmericanEnglishwordsandtheirEnglishequivalents.AmericanandBritishEnglishasubway(AmericanEnglish)/underground

(BritishEnglish)bhighway(AmericanEnglish)/motorway

(BritishEnglish)ctheater(AmericanEnglish)/theatre(British

English)dgas(AmericanEnglish)/petrolBritishEnglish)eapartment(AmericanEnglish)/flat(BritishEnglish)felevator(AmericanEnglish)/lift(BritishEnglish)Keys:Nowcompletethepassagewiththewordsabove.Today,AmericanEnglishisincommoninternationaluse.ItisdifferentfromBritishEnglishinseveralways,mostlyinspellingandvocabulary.SomeAmericanspellingswerecreatedbyNoahWeb