施工現(xiàn)場常用標識語Construction

Site

建筑工地

Apologize

for

any

inconvenience

caused

during

building

operation

對施工期間帶來的不便表示歉意。

Danger

of

death.

Keep

out.

生命危險，嚴禁入內(nèi)。

Danger，building

site,

keep

out

工地危險，禁止入內(nèi)。

Danger，evacuation

危險,請走開

Dangerous

structure,

this

bridge

is

unsafe

危險結構，該橋不安全。

Hot

work

in

progress

正在施工

No

persons

allowed

beyond

this

point

任何人不許越過此處。

Safety

footwear.穿安全靴

Safety

helmets

must

be

worn

on

this

site

此工地必須戴安全帽。

Site

entrance,

dangerous

工地入口，危險

Slow,

site

entrance

工地入口請慢行

This

button

has

been

moved

for

remedial

work

該按鈕已卸下拿去修理。

This

is

just

for

construction

personnel

僅供施工人員使用。

This

lift

is

only

for

construction

personal

此電梯僅供施工人員使用。

This

work

will

be

completed

by

the

end

of

this

year.

Thank

you

for

your

patience

during

the

inevitable

disruption

此工程于年底完工，感謝你施工期間的寬容大度。

We

apologize

for

any

inconvenience

caused

during

this

works

對施工期間引起的不便表示歉意。

Working

overhead

上面在施工

工程詞匯大全一項目建議Projectsuggestion1.11項目概況Projectgeneralsituation資格qualification預備資格prequalification商務條款與條件commercialtermsandcondition商務commercial技術technical技術說明technicalspecification建議書proposalbook資料費informationprice估價estimatedprice報價quotedprice報價書quotation1.2報價資料Quotationdocument工藝說明processdescription工藝特點processfeature經(jīng)驗記載experiencerecord工藝性能processperformance設備表equipmentlist說明，規(guī)定，規(guī)格specification簡要說明shortspecification條件圖sketchdrawing流程圖flowdiagram平衡圖balancediagram方框圖blockdiagramP&圖P&Idiagram單線圖singlelinediagram布置圖layout平面布置圖plotplan總圖generalplotplan(generallayout)附件appendix資料，文件documentation1.3合同技術用語保證guarantee性能保證performanceguarantee時間保證timeguarantee交貨保證deliveryguarantee建造保證workmanshipguarantee生產(chǎn)能力capacity質(zhì)量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料rawmaterial輔助原料sub-rawmaterial產(chǎn)品product副產(chǎn)品by-product中間產(chǎn)品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化學品chemical界區(qū)batterylimits界區(qū)（進料）incoming界區(qū)（出料）outgoing界區(qū)條件batterylimitscondition（配管圖）分界線matchline工廠、裝置plant設備equipment關鍵設備criticalequipment專利設備proprietaryequipment有位號設備itemizedequipment無位號設備non-itemizedequipment散裝材料bulkmaterial施工材料materialofconstruction儀表instrument備品備件spareparts建筑工具constructionaid（現(xiàn)場）居住設施accommodation現(xiàn)場派遣expatriate運轉(zhuǎn)率onstreamfactor運轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)streamday系列train日歷日calenderday日歷月calendermonth機械（試車）完工mechanicalcompletion試車trialoperation初次試車initialoeperation開車startup注油oilin投料feedin首次出料firstdrop保證試運轉(zhuǎn)guaranteetestrun裝置驗收plantacceptance移交turnover議定書protocol1.4估算estimate估算estimate概算budgetaryestimate推算slide冪指數(shù)powerterm（費用）分類、分項價格breakdown外匯foreigncurrency當?shù)刎泿舕ocalcurrency可兌換貨幣convertiblecurrency專利費licensefee專利權稅royalty變動專利權稅runningroyalty專有技術費knowhowfee基礎設計費basicengineeringfee代理費agentfee手續(xù)費commission不可預見費contingency外匯風險exchangerisk易貨風險compensation直接費用directcost間接費用indirectcost項目管理費projectexpense現(xiàn)場管理費fieldexpense一般管理費overhead利潤profit生活費livingexpense出勤津貼dailyallowance（出差）準備費outfitallowance勞務費labourcost基本工資basewage補償費payrollburden福利費fringebeneft1.5可行性研究可行性feasibility現(xiàn)場選定siteselection（現(xiàn)場）位置location市場marketing可獲利潤profitability生產(chǎn)成本productioncost經(jīng)營費operationcost可變成本variablecost不變成本fixedcost總投資totalinvestmentcost流動資本workingcapital固定資本fixedcapitalcost總資本totalcapitalcost折舊費depreciation現(xiàn)金流量cashflow折現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流量disccuntcashflow工況研究casestudy產(chǎn)權資本，自有資本equity建設資本利息interestduringconstruction1.6業(yè)務范圍現(xiàn)場勘測sitesurvey工藝設計processdesign基礎設計basicengineering基礎設計包basicdesignpackage詳細設計detailengineering采購procurement海運oceantransportation陸運inlandtransportation安裝erectionwork土建工作civilwork施工constructionwork臨時工作temporarywork投料試車commissioning培訓training（現(xiàn)場）指導supervisoryservice顧問advisoryservice初步設計preliminaryproject最終設計finalproject基礎設施infrastructure上部結構superstructure軟件software硬件hardware1.7工廠分類與設計處女地工廠grassrootplant總廠integralplant分廠singleplant成套裝置packageplant翻版（設計）廠copyplant生產(chǎn)廠commercialplant中試工廠pilotplant試驗室規(guī)模裝置benchscaleunit石化總廠petrochemicalcomplex下游（廠）downstream(工業(yè)）放大scale-up擴建expansion改建、更改modification鏡像布置mirrorimage設計余量overdesign降負荷運轉(zhuǎn)turndown清除瓶頸debottlenecking工廠模型plantmodel1.8設備工藝裝置processplant裝置區(qū)內(nèi)onsite裝置區(qū)外offsite界區(qū)內(nèi)insidebatterylimit界區(qū)外outsidebatterylimit公用工程設施utilityfacility貯存設施storagefacility輔助設施auxiliaryfacility銜接interconnection主變電所mainsubstation發(fā)電設施powergenerationfacility事故發(fā)電設備emergerncypowergenerationfacility水處理裝置watertreatmentfacility冷卻塔coolingtower抽水設備waterintakefacility海水淡化裝置desalinationfacility蒸汽發(fā)生裝置steamgenerationfacility儀表空氣發(fā)生裝置instrumentairgenerationfacility惰性氣發(fā)生裝置inertgasgenerationfacility空分裝置airseparationfacility罐區(qū)tankyard散裝貯存設備bulkstoragefacility包裝機械baggingfacility制袋設備bagmakingfacility裝瓶設備bottlingfacility裝貨設備loadingfacility卸貨設備unloadingfacility鐵路側(cè)線railwaysiding棧橋jetty行政辦公室administrationbuilding維修車間maintenanceshop中央化驗室centrallaboratory內(nèi)部通信設施intercommunicationfacility廣播系統(tǒng)pulicaddresssystem尋呼系統(tǒng)pagingfacility消防設施firefightingfacility安全器具safetyequipment生活設施colony公用設施townshop娛樂設施recreationfacility1.9相關企業(yè)承包商contractor主承包商primecontractor分包商subcontractor直接費用dicrecthire專利商licenser轉(zhuǎn)專利者sub-licenser專利使用者licensee專利擁有者patentowner競爭者competitor國際財團consertium合作者collaberator買方（1）buyer（2）purchaser賣方seller廠商vender制造商(1)maker(2)manufacturer業(yè)主owner顧問consultant技術顧問technicaladviser用戶user最終用戶enduser客戶（1）customer（2）client代理商agent掛名人dummy二投標合同2.1投標概況詢價inquiry報價、估價書quotation/estimation投標、投標書bid/tender投標資料biddocuments預審pre-qualification意向書letterofintent2.2合同用語協(xié)議agreement合同、契約contract注銷cancellation約定consideration合同轉(zhuǎn)讓assignmentofcontract不可抗力forcemajeure仲裁arbitration基本法governinglaw秘密條款（1）secrecyclause（2）non-disclosureclause預定損壞賠償費liquidateddamages總倍償額度totalliability連帶（債務）jointandseveral優(yōu)先債權l(xiāng)ien免除waiver保證guaranty擔保warranty賠償indemnity定義definition增額escalation罰款penalty支付條款termsofpayment稅金taxandduties侵犯專利patentinfringement最高現(xiàn)額ceiling委任書powerofatterney保證金bond2.3合同形式招標合同competitivebidcontract議付合同negotiatedcontractFOB合同F(xiàn)OB-typecontract成套承包合同（1）turnkeycontract（交鑰匙合同）（2）chefmontagecontract總付合同lumpsumpricecontract單價契約unitpricecontract正價加附加費合同costplusfeecontract預投標協(xié)議pre-bidagreement產(chǎn)品抵債productssharing互購交易counterpurchasetransaction三支付、金融、財務3.1支付、金融支付條款、支付條件paymentterms延期付款deferredpayment留存款項、保留資金retentionmoney定期付款schedulepayment施工分期付款progressivepayment付款交單D/Pdocumentsagainstpayment承兌交單D/Adocumentagainstacceptance信貸、信用credit賣方信貸，供應商信貸supplier,scredit買方信貸buyer,scredit銀行借貸bankloan財政、金融finance借款、借貸loan償還reimburse,reimbursement保證書letterofguarantee信用證、信貸證letterofcredit外匯兌換率exchangerate兌換單，匯票單據(jù)documentarybillofexchange匯款、匯兌基金remittance3.2財務自然增長基數(shù)accrualbasis資產(chǎn)負債表，決算表balancesheet損益報表P&Lprofitandlossstatement四采購、運輸、保險4.1進出口手續(xù)exportlicese出口許可證變更E/LamendCOCOMcoordinatingcommittee標準結算方法standardpayment非標準結算方法non-standardpaymentDBCdraw-backcargo出口申報銀行exportdeclarationbankE/D出口申報單exportdeclarationcustom進口許可證importlicense進口申報單importdeclaration保稅區(qū)域bondedarea關稅importduty原產(chǎn)地證明書certificateoforigin發(fā)票invoice4.2運輸裝箱單packinglist提單billoflading[B/L]指示提單orderB/L直接提單straightB/L裝運提單shippedB/L,ON-boardB/L備運提單receivedB/L不附帶條件的提單cleanB/L不潔提單dirtyB/L,foulB/L直運提單directB/L聯(lián)運提單throughB/L船上收貨單mate,sreceipt裝貨通知單shippingorder[s/o]交貨單deliveryorder[d/o]空運貨單airwaybill海上運費oceanfreight海上運費同盟freightconference目的地付費freightpayableatdestination出港前付費freightprepaid碼頭工人搬運費stevedorage空載運費deadfreight船到港預定時間expectedtimeofarrival[ETA]船離港預定時間expectedtimeofdeparture海關快速發(fā)貨customquickdespatch滯船費demurrage碼頭搬運商stevedore超尺寸運輸over-dimensioncargo4.3保險海上保險marinecargoinsurance現(xiàn)場指導失誤保險supervisor,sriskinsurance4.4貿(mào)易條件出廠價（1）EXworks（2）EXfactony（3）EXmill海上交貨FOB-namedportofshipment合保險海上交貨CIF-namedportofdestination國境交貨條件francofrontier4.5采購采購procurement廠家vendor廠家一覽表vendorlist市場價marketprice黑市價darkprice現(xiàn)價up-to-datepricelevel報價quotation偏差表deviationlist到貨時間timeofdelivery支付方式（1）termsofpayment（2）paymentconditions（3）paymentterms延緩支付deferredpayment現(xiàn)金支付cashondelivery分期支付instalmentpayment預先支付downpayment發(fā)貨前支付advancepayment到貨后支付progresspayment計劃支付scheduledpayment購買條件termsandconditionsofpurchase折價discount談判、交涉negotiation澄清clarification購買意向intenttopurchase比較表tabulation評標evaluation價格分析valueanalysis訂購單purchaseorder變更訂購單changeorder支付方式methodofpayment現(xiàn)金cash支票check期貨promissorynote催貨expediting跟蹤系統(tǒng)follow-upsystem4.6包裝包裝packing防銹包裝rust-proofpacking防潮濕包裝moisture-proofpacking防水包裝water-proofpacking軟包裝shrinkpacking木箱woodenbox板條箱crate框架箱framedbox滑撬底座skidbase碼垛盤pallet側(cè)板sideplate吊具slingfitting花藍螺絲turnbuckle鋼帶steelstrapping角保護帶edgeprotecterclosureplate保護角cornerprotecter板board合板plywood緩沖材料cushioningmaterial通氣孔蓋ventilationcover超載superimposedload開包unpacking船上標志shppingmark注意標志caremark五項目執(zhí)行及費用管理5.1項目執(zhí)行總圖會議kick-offmeeting項目研究會議projectstudymeeting開工會議launchingmeeting項目報告projectreporting審查會議screeningmeeting進展報告progressreport協(xié)調(diào)過程coordinationprocedure變更指示changeorder認可approval復閱review5.2工程項目完工報告jobclose-outreport項目執(zhí)行報告jobperformancereport完工匯編close-outbook反饋系統(tǒng)feedbacksystem項目設計條件projectdesigninformation會簽inter-departmentcheck工程設計engineeringdesign工藝條件確認engineeringreview工藝條件校核engineeringchecking項目完成指標審核表projectperformancechecksheet施工版approvedforconstruction(AFC)設計變更errorreport技術文件technicaldatabook管道材料工藝條件processdataforpipingmaterial荷載條件loadingdata關鍵路徑法criticalpathmethod關鍵路徑進度表criticalpathschedulingPERTprogramevaluationandreviewtechnique5.3費用及工時管理工程預算projectcontrolbudget工時man-hourM/H工日man-dayM/H人月man-monthM/H考勤表timesheet工作號worknumber項目號jobnumber前期項目號propesalnumber改進工作improvementwork閑滯idie工時報告man-hourreport項目工時匯總jobman-hoursperformancereport5.4費用分類費用分類codeofaccount主帳majoraccount分帳sub-account設備位號itemnumber5.5組織指定assign借調(diào)on-lcan項目成員projectmember項目經(jīng)理projectmanager項目經(jīng)理助理assistantprojectmanager施工經(jīng)理constructionmanager開車經(jīng)理operationmanager現(xiàn)場指揮fieldmanager項目前期經(jīng)理proposalmanager估算員estimator原始購銷員originator協(xié)調(diào)員coordinator項目設計協(xié)調(diào)員projectdesigncoordinator六標準化，資料管理，法規(guī)，規(guī)格6.1標準化標準化standardization標準、規(guī)格standard工程規(guī)定engineerspecification項目特殊要求specificjobrequirement工程手冊engineeringmanual標準圖standarddrawing工程用表格engineeringform法規(guī)lawandregulation法律law6.2資料管理情報管理informationanddocumentation信息中心informationcenter調(diào)研（追述）retrospectivesearching信息選擇服務selectivedisseminationofinformation情報跟蹤currentawareness檢索效率retrievalefficieney資料documents原文獻primarysources文獻摘要secondaryscurces邊載刊物seriais定期刊物periodieals（學會）紀要memoirs會報transactions會議論文conferencepaper會議紀錄proceedings索引期刊indexjournal文獻期刊abstractjournal情報摘要informativeabstracts提示文稿indicativeabstracts圖書目錄bookcataing標題目錄titlecataing總目錄unioncatalog標準目錄standardcutalog關鍵詞keyword省略詞stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-contersindexKWOC索引keyword-out-of-contextindex順序索引penmutedindex相關索引coordinateindex主題分析subjecktanalysis統(tǒng)計分類statisticalclassification國際十進分類法universaldecimalclassification借閱卡片visiblecard書卡bookcard檔案系統(tǒng)filingsystem微縮復制microcopy微縮系統(tǒng)micro-system微縮卡片fichefilm6.3法規(guī)高壓氣體取締法highpressuregascontrollaw消防法fireservicelaw勞動安全衛(wèi)生法industrialsafetyandhealthlaw建筑基本法buildingstandardlaw單位制systemofunits國際單位制internationalsystemofunits七工廠系統(tǒng)圖.設備布置圖.配管圖及材料統(tǒng)計7.1圖紙、條件圖工藝流程圖processflowdiagram管道儀表流程圖processpiping&instrumentflowdiagram(PID)公用工程流程圖utilityflowdiagram(UFD)框圖blockflowdiagram公用工程介質(zhì)平衡圖utilitybalancediagram平面布置圖plotplan立面布置圖generalarrangement總圖generalplotplan規(guī)劃圖planningdrawing管道研究圖pipingstudydrawing管道布置圖(配管圖)pipingarrangementdrawing分區(qū)圖keyplan管道走向研究圖pipingroutingstutydrawing地下管道圖undergroundpipingdrawing管道特殊管件圖pipingspecialpartsdrawing管架詳圖pipinghangingdrawing預制圖prefabricationdrawing參考圖referencedrawing通用圖typicaldrawing制造廠圖vender,sdrawing管道軸測圖isometricpipingdrawing竣工圖as-builtdrawing模型model管線表lineschedule計算書calculationsheet圖紙目錄drawingschedule發(fā)圖階段issuestage版次revisionnumber編號體系numberingsystem比例scale工廠北向plantnorth海平面標高over-seameanlevel標高elevation已有鋼結構existingstructure裝貨區(qū)loadingarea公用工程站utilitystation柱號columnnumber凈空headroom通道accessway小通道catway鋼結構頂部標高topofstructureelevation管底標高bottomofpipingelevation主管口徑runsize頂平偏心異徑管eccentricreducertopflat中心到面的距離centertoface工作點標高workingpointelevation管架標注nangingmarking冷拉coldspring管線記號linesymbol管線接口lineconnection物流號streamNO管線號lineNO.管道等級號(1)classdesignation(2)specdesignation閥門號valveNO等級分析specificationbreak重要管道criticalpiping總管headerpipe儀表管道instrumentpiping排放管道blowdownpiping火炬氣管道flarepiping輸送管線transferline入口管線suctionline排水管effluentline旁通管bypassline吹掃系統(tǒng)purgesystem放空接口ventconnection軟管接口hoseconnection雙切斷閥及排放閥doubleblockandbleeder污水溝sewerditch冷凝液池condensatepit積水坑sumpbox漏斗dripfunnel管段spoolpiece墊環(huán)spacerring限流孔板restrictionorifice流量噴咀flownozzle液體混合用三通mixingtee噴頭spraynozzle粗濾器strainer臨時粗濾器temporarystrainer疏水閥steamtrap爆破膜rupturedisk蒸汽伴熱管道steam-tracedpiping夾套管道jacketedpiping地下管道undergroundpiping7.2管道要素鋼管steelpiping螺紋端管threadedpipe法蘭端管flangedpipe鍛制的swage光滑彎管smoothbendU型彎管u-bend彎管bendingpipe波紋管膨脹節(jié)expansinonbellows柔性管flexiblepipe管件接頭pipefittingjoint機械連接mechanicaljoint活套連接lappedjoint環(huán)形墊連接ringtypejoint擴口接頭flaretypejoint非擴口接頭flarelesstypejoint承插連接bellandspigotvictaulic接頭victaulicjoint彎頭elbow異徑管reducer管接頭coupling活接頭union短管nipple法蘭flange配對法蘭companionflange法蘭蓋blindflange異徑法蘭reducingflange八字盲板（1）spectactleblind（2）reversibleblind平板式法蘭plateflange帶頸法蘭hubbedflange對焊法蘭weldingneckflange松套法蘭looseflange管端突緣stubend法蘭面flangeface墊片溝槽gasketgroove滿平面fullface突面raisedface大準槽面largetongueandgrooveface雙凹凸面doublemale&femaleface大凹凸面largemale&femaleface金屬墊片metallicgasket非金屬墊片non-metallicgasketsemi-metallicgasketO型環(huán)O-ring透鏡墊lensring對焊buttweld承插焊接socketweld滑套焊接slip-onweld焊接支管臺weldolet插入環(huán)insertting管帽cap材料表billofmaterial材料統(tǒng)計take-off管段表linebillofmaterial估算匯總表estimationsummarysheet備品備件表sparepartslist報價表quotationsheet訂貨單purchaseorderschedule材料匯總表billofmaterialsummary狀態(tài)報告statusreport分布報告distributionreport價格、重量一覽表cost&weightsummary價格、重量匯總表cost&weighttotal定貨管理表ordercontrol管道材料管理體表pipingmaterialcontrolsheet元件代號itemcode標記號tagnumber標準形態(tài)standardshape軸測圖isometricdrawing管線號linereference批號batchreference管子下料表pipingcuttinglist制作件表fabricationpartslist組裝件表erectionpartlist固定架anchor滑動架restingsupport導向架guide限位架directionalstop減振架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳軸trunnion吊架hanger剛性吊架rigidhanger彈簧吊架springhanger恒力吊架constanthanger閥門valve截止閥globevalve閘閥gatevalve針形閥needlevalve球閥ballvalve止回閥checkvalve隔膜閥diaphragmvalve三通閥three-wayvalve角閥anglevalve蝶閥butterflyvalve旋塞閥cock伸長桿操作extensionstem-operation鏈操作chain-operated齒輪操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated電動操作motor-operated閥芯trim閥蓋bonnet焊接支管weldbranch偏置offset焊接根部間隙weldrootgap現(xiàn)場調(diào)整后在下料和焊接cutandweldafteradjusting坡度slope工作點workingpoint管架說明notesforpipinghanging部門間校核版interdepartmentalcheckprint平端plainend坡口端beveledend管道連接圖pipinghook-updrawing管道說明圖notesforpipingdrawing標題欄titleblock尋價單pipingrequisitionsheet八配管及一般設備設計8.1保溫，保冷絕熱insulation設備絕熱表equipmentinsulationschedule絕熱符號insulationcode保溫設計designofcoldinsulation正常操作所用的保溫insulationforstableoperating人身防護personnelprotection防火層fire-proofing防結露anti-sweat防凍winterizing防音soundprotection保溫材料hotinsulationmaterial保冷材料coldinsulationmaterial石棉asbestos硅藻土diatomaceousearth巖棉r(nóng)ockwool玻璃棉glasswool碳酸鎂magnesiumcarbonate硅酸鋁calciumsilicate珍珠巖perlite軟木板corkboards毛氈hairfelt泡沫聚氨酯foampolystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigidfoamurethane硬泡沫橡膠rigidfoamrubber瑪碲脂mastic耐磨損材料anti-abrasioncoatingmaterial管殼laggingcloth鐵絲網(wǎng)hexagonalwirenetting填縫材料caulkingmaterial保護層jacketingsheetcoversheet波紋鋁板corrugatedaluminumsheet有色鍍鋅鋼板precoatedgalvanizedsheet搭板buttstrapZ型接頭Z-joint8.2防腐涂漆色標colour-code孟塞爾色系munsellnotation管道識別色identificationofpipingsystem防腐層externalcoating油漆paint清漆varnish防腐漆anti-corrosivepaintrush-proofpaint含鋁漆aluminumpaint底漆primer耐酸漆acid-proofpaint耐酸漆acid-proofpaint耐堿漆alkali-proofpaint耐熱漆heat-resistingpaint測溫漆t(yī)hermo-paint絕緣漆insulationvarnish表面處理surfacepreparation涂漆painting陰級保護cathodicprotection8.3振動解析機械振動mechanicalvibration自由振動freevibration強制振動forcedvibration自勵振動self-excitedvibration固有頻率naturalfrequency固有周期naturalperiod波谷loop波峰node正弦振動sinusoidaloscillation非線性振動non-linearoscillation阻尼振動dampedvibration臨界阻尼criticaldamping衰減系數(shù)（1）attenuationconstant（2）decaycoefficient（3）decayfactor共振resonance扭曲振動torsionalvibration撓性振動flexuralvibration極限速度criticalspeed固有值characteristicvalue臨界條件boundarycondition彈性系數(shù)springconstant慣性矩momentofinertia回轉(zhuǎn)半徑radiusofgyration振動吸收裝置dynamicvibrationabserber液壓減振器hydraulicdamper彈簧減振器(1)springdampener(2)springdamper油壓鎖定oillock8.4耐振設計固有振動方式naturalfrequencymode卓越周期predominantperiod基本周期firstnaturalfrequency橫波transversewave縱波longitudinalwave相對位移relativedisplacement質(zhì)量比massratio靜解析法staticmethod修正靜解析法correctedstaticmethod動解析法modalanalysis時歷響應解析法timehistoryresponseanalysis設計響應光譜designresponsespectrum加速響應光譜accelerationresponsespectrum地板響應光譜foorresponsespectrum標準響應光譜standardresponsespectrum加速響應增幅比accelerationresponseamplituderatio剛性結構rigidstructure柔性結構flexiblestructure長周期結構long-periodstructure剛性框架rahmenrigidframe地震波earthquakeaccelerogram位移量記錄displacementrecord設計地震designearthquake設計震度designseismiccoefficient地震earthquake震源距離distancetocentrum震中距離distancetoepicenter震吸magnitude地震波顯示儀seismoscope地震儀seismograph耐振等級seismicclass基巖baserock8.5應力分析外力externalforce內(nèi)力internalforce反作用力reactionforce力偶coupleofforce彎矩bendingmoment扭矩twistingmoment應力stress彎曲應力bendingstress扭曲應力torsionalstress圓周應力hoopstress峰值應力peakstress一次應力primarystress二次應力secondarystress軸向應力axialstress重復應力repeatedstress脈動應力pulsatingstress交變應力alternatingstress應變strain應變能strainenergy主應力principalstress主應力理論principalstresstheory最大剪切應力理論maximumshearingstresstheory殘余應力residualstress熱應力thermalstress熱破壞thermalshock疲勞fatigue疲勞曲線s-ndiagram疲勞極限(1)fatiguelimit(2)endurancelimit腐蝕corrosionfatigue蠕變creep蠕變疲勞creepfatigue尺寸效應sizeeffect應力集中系數(shù)coefficientofstressconcentration形狀系數(shù)shapecoefficient缺口系數(shù)notchfactor應力強度系數(shù)stressintensityfactor幾何慣性矩geometricalmomentofinertia斷面系數(shù)modulusofsection斷面極慣性矩polarmomentofinertiaofarea揚氏模量young,smodulus橫向彈性系數(shù)modulusoftransverseelasticity體積彈性系數(shù)modulusofvolumetricelasticity泊松比poissor,sratio彈性極線elasticlimit屈服點yieldpoint拉伸強度tensilestrength伸長elongation永久變形permanentset彈性flexibility彈性分析elasticanalysis彈性屈服elasticbuckling塑性plasticity塑變滯后plasticityhysteresis極限分析limitanalysis彈塑性分析elastic-plasticanalysis疲勞分析fatigueanalysis有限元法finiteelementmethod靜荷載deadload8.6流體流動水錘waterhammer急關rapidclosure緩關slowclosure沖擊波shockwave液壓振動acousticvibrationofliquidflow脈動pulsationflow兩相流two-phaseflow氣壓振動acousticvibration卡門渦街karmaneddies顫動fluttering氣蝕cavitation8.7噪音噪音(1)noise(2)undesiredsound聽力范圍auditorysensationarea掩蔽masking背景噪音backgroundnoise聲強soundintensity聲壓soundpressure聲壓值soundpressurelevel噪聲值(1)noiselevel(2)soundlevel噪聲計soundlevelmeter聽覺校正回路weightingnetwork音平loundnesslevel音能soundpower音能值soundpowerlevel總體值overalllevel90%范圍90%range中間值medianNR數(shù)noiseratingnumber頻率分析器frequencyanalyzer倍頻帶octaveband1/3的倍頻帶1/3octaveband波段值bandlevel音場soundfield方向性directivity方向系數(shù)directivityfactor衍射diffraction聲源soundsource房間常數(shù)roomconstant吸音率soundabsorptioncoefficient穿透率transmissioncoefficient穿透損失transmissionloss質(zhì)量原理masslaw8.8設計條件操作壓力operatingpressure最高操作壓力maximumoperatingpressure操作溫度operatingtemperature最高操作溫度maximumoperatingtemperature溫度基準basetemperature腐蝕裕度corrosionallowance許容應力allowablestress安全系數(shù)safetyfactor地理條件geologicalconditions九塔.槽.換熱器.加熱爐9.1圖面用語設備表vesselschedule工程圖engineeringdrawing管口表（1）nozzlechart（2）nozzleschedule管口方位nozzleorientation于焊件圖clipschedule切線tangentline(TL)焊縫線weldline(WL)參照線wrokingline(WL)基準線baseline(BL)9.2容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supportedtower板式塔traytower填料塔packedtower噴淋塔spraytower槽。罐drum儲罐tank球罐sphericaltankballtank浮頂罐floatingrooftank錐頂罐conerooftank拱頂罐domerooftank雙壁罐doublewalltank濕式氣柜wetgasholder干式氣柜drygasholder料倉（1）silo（2）bin料斗hopper9.3內(nèi)件內(nèi)件internals塔盤tray泡罩塔盤bubblecaptray篩板塔盤perforatedtray浮閥塔盤valvetray單流向式塔盤uni-fluxtray波紋塔盤rippletray塔盤板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封糟sealpot取液糟draw-offpot密封盤sealpan塔盤支承環(huán)traysupportring鮑爾環(huán)pallring淚孔weephole填料packing拉希環(huán)raschingring矩鞍形填料intaloxsaddle分布器distributor除沫器demister進料擋板feeddeflector防渦流擋板vortexbreaker內(nèi)筒cartridge9.4主要附屬品殼體shell變頸段reducingsection封頭head橢圓形封頭ellipsoidalhead蝶形封頭（1）dishedhead（2）torisphericalhead半球形封頭hemisphericalhead錐形封頭conicalhead平封頭flathead加強圈reinforcingring加套jecket人孔manhole手孔handhole檢查孔inspectionhole接管nozzle凸緣padnozzle鍛制接管forgednozzle補強板reinforcingpad信號孔tell-talehole容器支座vesselsupport裙座skirt支腿leg支耳supportlug底座baseblock基礎環(huán)basering筋板gussetplate壓環(huán)compressionring鞍座saddle模板template通道accessopening套管pipesleeve連接板lug予焊件clip接地板earthlug吊耳liftinglug平臺platform梯子ladder保溫支承insulationsupport吊柱davit人孔鉸鏈manholehinge放空口ventnozzle呼吸閥breathervalve計量口guagehatch9.5換熱器換熱器heatexchange換熱面積heattransferarea總傳熱系數(shù)overallheattransfercoefficient境膜傳熱系數(shù)filmcoefficient對數(shù)平均溫差logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference(LMID)平均溫差meantemperaturedifference(MID)污垢系數(shù)foulingfactor布管圖tubearrangement三角形排列triangulararrangement轉(zhuǎn)角三角形排列rotatedtriangulararrangement正方形排列squarearrangement轉(zhuǎn)角正方形排列rotatedsquarearrangement最大布管圖outsidetubelimit管殼式換熱器sheetandtubeheatexchange固定管板換熱器fixedtubesheetheatexchange浮頭式換熱器floatingheadtypeheatexchangeU形管換熱器U-tubetypeheatexchange釜式換熱器kettletypeheatexchange套管式換熱器doubletubetypeheatexchange沖洗式冷卻器irrigationcooler蛇管換熱器coiltypeheatexchanger插管式換熱器bayonettypeheatexchanger板式換熱器platetypeheatexchanger螺旋板式換熱器spiralheatexchanger夾套式換熱器jackettypeheatexchanger石墨換熱器graphiteheatexchanger空冷式換熱器air-cooledheatexchanger換熱管tube折流板baffleplate管箱channel分程隔板passpartitionplate浮頭floatinghead防沖擋板impingementbaffle管束tubebundie管板tubesheet管子與管板的連接tube-to-tubesheetjoint管接頭ferrule9.6加熱爐加熱爐direct-firedheater熱負荷(1)heatduty(2)heatrelease熱損失heatloss加熱爐效率efficiencyofheater熱流率heatflux管壁溫度tubeskintemperature體積熱負荷volumetricheatreleaseradiantsectionconvectionsectionshieldsectionbridgewallexposedwallshieldedwall管道支撐tubesupport燃燒管(1)heatertube(2)furnacetubeextendedsurfacetube(1)header(2)headerbox回彎頭returnbend管道間接連管crossover通風draft煙道flue煙道擋板damper煙囪stack燒嘴burner過量空氣excessair風箱windbox觀察孔(1)observationdoor(2)peepdoor檢修孔accessdoor防爆門explosiondoor吹灰器scotblower油漆清車導軌paintertrolley陶瓷纖維ceramicfiber耐火磚firebrick保溫耐火磚insulationfirebrick保溫板insulationboard可鑄耐火材料castable襯里支撐lininganchor爐壁橫梁lintel膨脹節(jié)expansionjoint十轉(zhuǎn)動機械10.1軸shaft軸承bearing軸承箱bearinghousing聯(lián)軸節(jié)shaftcoupling滑輪pulleyV形皮帶（三角皮帶）v-belt轉(zhuǎn)動設備turningequipment潤滑lubrication潤滑油(1)lubricationoil(2)lubeoil密封seal軸封shaftseal填料packing填料箱stuffingbox油膜密封oilfilmseal油封sealoil機械密封mechanicalseal齒輪gear曲軸crankshaft連桿connectingrod十字頭crosshead氣缸cylinder缸套cylinderliner氣缸閥cylindervalue活塞piston金屬填料metallicpacking予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱體（殼體）casing轉(zhuǎn)子roter平衡活塞balancepiston迷宮密封labyrinth葉輪impeller軸套sleeve耐磨環(huán)wearingring燈籠環(huán)(1)lanternring(2)sealcage10.2轉(zhuǎn)動機械性能軸動力(1)shaftpower(2)brakehorsepower額定制動馬力ratedbrakehorsepower齒輪傳動損失gearloss機械效率mechanicalefficiency機械損失mechanicalloss額定轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)ratedspeed最大連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)maximumcontinuousspeed旋轉(zhuǎn)油膜oilwhirl臨界速度criticalspeed順時針clockwise轉(zhuǎn)矩torque起動轉(zhuǎn)矩startingtorque性能performance特性characteristics壓頭head液壓功率hydraulichorsepower活塞位移pistondisplacement體積效率volumetricefficiency顯示圖indicatordiagram壓力脈沖率pressurepulsationratio10.3泵泵pump泵效率pumpefficiency氣蝕cavitation氣蝕系數(shù)cavitationcoefficient凈正吸入壓頭netpositivesuctionhead離心泵centrifugalpump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flowpump軸流泵axialpump容量泵displacementtypepump往復泵（活塞泵）reciprocatingpump旋轉(zhuǎn)泵rotarypump再生泵regenerativepump底閥footvalve10.4壓縮機、風機等壓縮機compressor壓縮機效率compressorefficiency往復式壓縮機reciprocatingcompressor間隙容積clearancevolume隙囊clearancepocket減壓器unloader離心式壓縮機centrifugalcompressor軸面壓縮機axialcompressor渦輪壓縮機turbocompressor鼓風機blower風機fan渦輪式鼓風機turboblower渦輪風機turbofan多葉片風機multi-bladefan旋漿式風機propellerfan羅茨鼓風機(1)rootsblower(2)two-lobeblower螺桿式壓縮機screwcompressor湍振surging中間冷卻器intercooler后冷卻器（二次冷卻器）aftercooler緩沖器snubber10.5透平透平turbine沖動式透平impulseturbine反作用式透平reactionturbine凝汽式透平condensingturbing抽氣式透平extractionturbing背壓式透平backpressureturbing透平效率turibingefficiency調(diào)速器governor速度范圍speedrange速度調(diào)節(jié)閥speedgoverningvalve應急調(diào)速器emergencygovernor跳閘速度（應急速度限）tripspeed應急閥tripvalve操縱閥sentinelvalve10.6冷凍機冷凍機refrigerator制冷劑refrigrerant十一其他機械11.1搬運起重運輸設備materialhandling輸送機conveyor帶式輸送機beltconveyor鏈式輸送機chainconveyor平盤輸送機panconveyor粉體輸送機continuousflowconveyor氣力輸送機pneumaticconveyor混合比weightratioofsolidtogas螺旋輸送機screwconveyor振動輸送機vibratingconveyor滾軸輸送機rollerconveyor斗式提升機bucketelevator平臺給料機tablefeeder定量給料機（1）constantfeeder（2）constantfeedweighter地平scale包裝機packingmachine縫袋機sewingmachine熱封口機heatsealer卷揚機hoist倒鏈、葫蘆chainblock天車overheadcrane懸臂起重機jibcrane龍門起重機gantrycrane傾倒卸貨機cardumper手推車handcart儲存場裝載輸送機recluimer鏟式裝料機shovelloader起運載重機shiploader起運卸貨機shipunloader堆積機stacker碼垛機palletizer卸垛機depalletizer叉車forklifttruck鶴管loadingarm11.2粉碎粉碎crushing粉碎機crusher碾磨機mill破碎機disintegrator比粉碎能力specificcrushingcapacity粉碎比crushingratio粉碎性grindability篩網(wǎng)screen切裁尺寸cutsize絲網(wǎng)mesh集塵器dustcollector空氣過濾器（1）aircleaner（2）airfilter旋風分離器cyclone多管式旋風分離器multiclone(MC)集塵效率dustcollectorefficiency再飛散re-entrainment11.3化學機械離心式分離機centrifuge澄清器decanter過濾器filter過濾介質(zhì)filtermedium濾餅filtercake板框式壓濾機filterpress葉濾機leaffilter轉(zhuǎn)鼓過濾機drumfilter帶式過濾機beltfilter盤式過濾機panfilter預涂助濾劑的過濾機precoatfilter干燥機dryer轉(zhuǎn)盤式干燥器rotarydryer流化床干燥器fluidizedbeddryer氣流干燥器pneumaticconveyingdryer帶式干燥器banddryer噴霧干燥器spraydryer平衡含水率equilibriummoisturecontent臨界含水率criticalmoisturecontent體積傳熱系數(shù)volumetricheattransfercoefficient熱效率thermalefficiency回轉(zhuǎn)爐rotarykiln刨片機flaker包裹筒coatingdrum混料機biender混合器mixer圓桶式混合器drummixer捏土混合器pugmixer捏合機kneader捏合攪拌機kneadermill攪拌機（1）agitator（2）stirrer造粒機pelletizer圓桶式造粒機drumgranul