“解題達(dá)人”高考閱讀文體之說(shuō)明文目錄內(nèi)容板塊一題型解析板塊二高考真題感悟板塊三?？碱}練手板塊四課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練一：題型解析總體解題技巧概述：專題1:事實(shí)類說(shuō)明文它是對(duì)事物；現(xiàn)象；概念的科普介紹說(shuō)明對(duì)象：熟悉的范圍里不同尋常的內(nèi)容；題目以細(xì)節(jié)題為主；重點(diǎn)考查說(shuō)明方法說(shuō)明方法：下定義；講特點(diǎn)；比較；分類；發(fā)展變化正確選項(xiàng)與說(shuō)明對(duì)象密切相關(guān)沒(méi)有明顯轉(zhuǎn)折；看段首段尾有轉(zhuǎn)折；遞進(jìn)；實(shí)際上；因果；看轉(zhuǎn)折遞進(jìn)因果之后內(nèi)容專題2:新事物類說(shuō)明文介紹新事物既有優(yōu)勢(shì)也有劣勢(shì)作者態(tài)度一般是支持鼓勵(lì)新事物不能一下子完全取代舊事物；兩者長(zhǎng)期共存新事物文章關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)志：new；recent；up-to-date；inthefuture；novelty；invention；innovation；creative；traditional；conventional；old；oldfashioned；專題3:研究類說(shuō)明文它是陳述某次研究的過(guò)程與結(jié)論；并提供相對(duì)應(yīng)的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注文章開(kāi)頭；結(jié)尾；主題；態(tài)度研究類說(shuō)明文關(guān)鍵詞：thestudy；researchshows/suggest/found。。。。Accordingtothestudy；researchAnewstudyhasfound....關(guān)于說(shuō)明文——非連續(xù)性文本閱讀提示：（一）閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題文章的標(biāo)題是一篇文章的題眼，通過(guò)閱讀標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意；說(shuō)明文主旨中心一般在段首。（二）尋找文章的主題句分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說(shuō)明文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細(xì)閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細(xì)閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時(shí)也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來(lái)說(shuō)明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時(shí)，要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀全文，對(duì)段落的內(nèi)容要融會(huì)貫通，對(duì)文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1.相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的?？傊?，為提高閱讀理解能力，在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)抓中心思想,作者意圖及關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，運(yùn)用聯(lián)想,比較,歸納,推測(cè)等方法，得出最佳結(jié)論，選擇最佳答案，不能主觀臆測(cè)，把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加進(jìn)去，與文章的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間有計(jì)劃,有目的的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀的正確性，使兩者有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，以提高學(xué)生閱讀英語(yǔ)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)切實(shí)打好基礎(chǔ).閱讀是一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際活動(dòng)。我們只有進(jìn)行大量的課內(nèi)外閱讀，掌握一定的閱讀技巧，正確運(yùn)用閱讀方法，才能有效地提高閱讀理解能力。SectionCSectionC例題練習(xí)及講解二：高考真題感悟例題1：Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.1：Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersCockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters例題2：TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease2：Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools. B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth. D.Toencourageresearchineducation.例題3：Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.3：WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.例題4：Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia."4：Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.Experimentalstudiesondiseases.Advantagesofsportywomanoverman例題5：Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.5：Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest. Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.三：模考題練手例題1：Couldadailywalkbeevenbetterforourhealththanwethought?Severalnewstudiesshowthatwalkingnotonlyburnsfat,butalsoboostslongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)andhasadramaticanti-ageingeffectonthebody.Inthelatestofthesefindings,duetobepublishedinthejournalCommunicationsBiologyinthenextfewweeks,ThomasYates,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeicester,showedthatwalkerswhoadoptaquickpacecanhaveabiologicalage15yearsyoungerthanthosewhotaketheirtime.Yatesandhisteamlookedatthelengthoftelomeres(端粒)ofchromosomes(染色體)in405,981middle-agedadultsintheUK.Aswegrowolder,ourtelomeresshorten,whichresultsinacceleratedcellageing.“Ifwecankeepthemlongforaslongaspossible,itactsasabufferagainstageing,”saysYates.1：WhatdidThomasYates'studyfindaboutfastwalking?A.Itcausesadamagingeffectonthebody.B.Itslowsdowntheprocessofcellageing.C.Itincreasesthenumberofchromosomes.D.Itshortensmiddle-agedadults'telomeres.例題2：Otherscientists,however,saymanyofthedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepersonalitycanbeexplainedbysocialconditioning,withachild’supbringinggreatlyinfluencingtheircharacter.DeborahCameron,anOxfordUniversitylinguisticsprofessorwithaspecialinterestinlanguageandgender,saidtheamountwetalkisinfluencedbywhowearewithandwhatwearedoing.“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk,”sheadded.:2：WhatmessagedoesCameroncarryinthelastparagraph?A.Furtherstudiesneedtobecarriedout.B.Genderseldomaffectsone’stalkingstyle.C.Theamountwetalkshapesourcharacter.D.Mentalkasmuchaswomenonthewhole.例題3：GenerationZathleteshaveemergedin2021asglobalwell-beingleadersandadvocates，challengingoutdatedideasaboutwhatittakestobeanathlete.Manyoftheseyoungsportspeoplehavegonebeyondtheirsport.Throughsocialmedia,theyhaveopenedupconversationsaboutperformance,mentalhealthandtheimpactofthemedia.Performingatthehighestlevelcanputhugeamountsofpressureonyoungathletes.SimoneBilesdecidedtoputhermentalhealthfirstattheTokyo2020Olympicswhenshewithdrewfromanevent.3：WhatcanweknowfromParagraph1?A.GenerationZathleteshavebecomegloballeaders.B.Someathletesdon’tknowwhatittakestobeanathlete.C.Plentyofyoungathleteshavelosttheirinterestinsports.D.Manyyoungathletesairtheirviewsviasocialmedia.例題4：HazelTechnologies,aChicago-basedstartupthatcreatedasmalldrop-inpackettokeepbanansandotherproducefromturningprematurelybrown,isstartingtoproducealotofgreen.Havingraised70millioninacompletedinvestmentround,the6-year-oldcompanyaimstolaunchtheirproductsineverymajoragriculturaleconomyonEarth.Hazelworkswithmorethan160companiesacross12countries.Itsproductdeliversanodorlessvapor(無(wú)味的氣體)insugar-packetsizedinsertscalledsachets.Whendroppedinboxes.ofproduce,thesachetcanasmuchastriple(三倍)shelflife.Moreover,Hazel’snewly-fundedMCPtechnologyoanincreasetheproduce’sresistancetoethylene-achemicalpromotinggrowth.4：WhatisHazel’stechnologyintendedfor?A.Extendingshelflifeoffood. B.Enhancingfoodflavor.C.Boostingfoodproduction. D.Quickeningcropgrowth.例題5：ResearchersintheUnitedKingdomaretestingtoseewhethervitaminAcanbeusedtorestorethesenseofsmellinpeoplewholostitbecauseofCOVID-19.Alossofthesenseofsmellisacommonside-effectofCOVID-19,witharoundeightpeoplein10whohaveasymptomaticinfectionexperiencingsomereductionintheirabilitytosmell.Forsomepatients—round18percentaccordingtoonestudy—thesymptomissevere,causingtotalsmellloss.Priortothepandemic,researchersattheInterdisciplinaryCenterforSmellandTasteinDresden,Germany,establishedalinkbetweenvitaminAdropsandimprovedoutcomesinpatientswithviral-inducedsmellloss,causingscientistsattheUniversityofEastAngliatousethetreatmentonCOVID-19patientsinanewUKgovernment-fundedstudy.5：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theeffectivewaystorestorethesenseofsmell.B.UsingvitaminAtotreatsmelllosslinkedwithCOVID-19.C.COVID-19patients'sufferingsfromseveresmellloss.D.Somecasesthatwillcausealossofthesenseofsmell.四：課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練PassageAInMay2012,Australia’sMacquarieDictionaryandtheMcCannAdvertisingAgencygatheredagroupoflanguageexpertstonameaphenomenoncommonintheageofthesmartphone.Theycalledthephenomenon“phubbing”,anddefined(定義)itas“theactofsnubbing(無(wú)視)someoneinasocialsettingbylookingatyourphoneinsteadofpayingattention.”It’snottheusualwaywordsbegintoexist.Amonthlater,thefirstexampleofphubbinginamajornewspaperappearedinalettertotheeditorofTheAge,publishedinMelbourne.Sincethen,thewordhasappearedinvariousmediatheworldover.PhubbinghasyettobefullyadoptedintheU.S.,butwehavecollectedsomeevidenceofitinuse.On29September2015,JamesA.RobertswroteintheHuffiningtonPost,“Inthepresentcase,phubbingisacombinationofthewordsphoneandsnubbing.Tobephubbedistobesnubbedbysomeoneusingtheircellphonewhileinyourcompany.The“phubb”couldbeaninterruptionofyourconversationwithsomeonewhenheorsheusestheircellphoneorisdistractedbyit(stealglanceswhentheythinkyou’renotlooking)insteadofpayingattentiontoyou.Maybeworse,you’vebeenphubbedifsomeoneusedtheircellphoneinsteadofcommunicatingwithyouwhilestayingclosetoyou.Oh,theshame.”Themeaningandvariousformsofthewordhaveyettosettleout.Isitphubbingifyou’restaringatyourtabletinsteadofyourphone?Isthesingularnoun(andthebaseformoftheverb)spelledphubb,asintheexampleabove,orphub,asinsomeothersources?Thesearethesortsofquestionswe’llneedanswerstobeforewe’rereadytoconsiderphubbinganditsrelationsforentry.Inthemeanwhile,youcanofcourseusephubbingifyoufeeltheneed.Itseemswealldothesedays.8.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkaboutphubbing?A.Itsusage.B.Itsbirth.C.Itsinfluence.D.Itsdefinition.9.WhatmayphubbingprobablyleadtoaccordingtoJamesA.Roberts?A.Obviousembarrassmentinlife.B.Heavyrelianceoncellphones.C.Completeignorancebyyourfriends.DPermanentbreakupofretalionship.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraphaboutthewordphubb?A.Itarousesheatedarguments. B.Itprovestobesettled.C.It’snotincludedinadictionary. D.It’snotdifficulttounderstand.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WherePhubbingLeadsUs? B.WhyPhubbingRuinsOurLife?C.WhatMakesPhubbingCommonlySeen? D.HowPhoneSnubbingBecomesPhubbing?PassageBAlthoughitisabusinessnotmanyareawareof,sidewalkrobotsaresettobecomeanindustrywithannualsalesof$1billionwithinadecade.Thesefour-orsix-wheeledautonomousmachines,usuallythesizeofasuitcase,arealreadydeliveringgroceriesinAmerica,ChinaandEurope,whichputsthemaheadofmanydriverlesscarsandlorriesbeingdeveloped.Thosebiggervehiclesareheldbacknotbytechnologybutregulation.Thismeanshavinga“safetydriver”onboardreadytotakeoverifthereisaproblem,whichishardlylabour-saving.Fortheselargervehicles,regulatorswanttoseesafetysystemsthoroughlyproved.InJanuary2022,Britain’sLawCommission,whichreviewslawmaking,recommendedthatitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriver’sseatwhofacesprosecutionifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes,butthemanufacturerorthebodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.However,sidewalkrobotsaregettingonwiththejob.Forexample,StarshipTechnologies,basedinSanFrancisco,estimatesithasalreadyclockedupmorethan2.5milliondeliverieswithrobotsinanumberofcities,universitiesandbusinessparksinEuropeandAmerica.Amazoniscarryingouttrialswithasimilarsortofmachine.Kiwibot,aColombianstartup,ismakingsidewalkdeliveriesinCalifornia.Udelv,aCalifornianfirm,isdevelopingalargertypecalledTransportertooperateathighwayspeeds.Sidewalkrobotscarryafewbagsofgroceriesusingavarietyofsensors,includingcameras,radarandGPStonavigateandavoidobstaclesandpeople.Theirprogresscanbemonitoredonaphoneapp,whichalsounlocksthemforgoodstoberemoved.Astheyaresmall,moveslowlyandare“telemonitored”bypeopleinacontrolroomwhocantakeover,authoritiesseemmorewillingtogivethemagreenlight.Suchrobotsarebecomingmoreautonomous.Beingmuchfurtheralongtheroadinearningtheirkeep,thesedeliveryrobotsarehelpingtopavethewayforthetimewhenbiggerautonomousvehiclescanjointhem.4.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Problemscausedbyautonomouscars. B.Suggestionsforproducingintelligentrobots.C.Challengesfacedbylargedriverlessvehicles. D.Theinnovativetechnologyofdeliveryvehicles.5.Whydoestheauthorgivesomeexamplesinparagraph3?A.Toprovethesafetyofautonomousmachines.B.Topresentthedevelopmentofsidewalkrobots.C.Toencouragethepublictocreatemorerobots.D.Toshowtheadvantagesofself-drivingtechnology.6.Whatcanweknowaboutsidewalkrobots?A.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Theycandistinguishtrafficlightsontheroad.C.Theymakedeliveriesfasterthanordinarytrucks.D.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletotrackthedeliveryprocess.7.Whichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Sportsandmusic. B.Businessandculture.C.Scienceandtechnology. D.Natureandgeography.PassageCAlmostallcalligraphy(書(shū)法)loversagreethatwritingcharacterswithabrushandinkonstrawpaperoffersawaytocommunicatewithnotonlyhistoryandculture,butalsooneself.ButnowChinesecharacterhandwritingisunderthreatfromcomputersandmobilephones.Acollegegraduatelookingforajobwasreportedlyturneddownbyacompanybecausehewrote24charactersincorrectlyina400-characterhandwrittenresume.AsurveybyHorizonKey,coveringpeoplefrom12majorcitiesinChina,foundthatnearlyonethirdofthoseinterviewedoftenexperience“characteramnesia(遺忘)”,with94percentsayingthisisaproblemforthem.ThemainreasonisthatmostChineserelytoomuchonthepinyin-basedChineselanguageinputmethod,whichisreplacingthetraditionofwritingcharactersstroke(筆畫(huà))bystroke.Thesoftwarewillconvenientlychoosetherightcharactersaccordingtothecontextorwordfrequency,astherearedozensofcharacterswiththesamepronunciationinChinese.Educationisanotherproblem.Incollege,mosthomeworkandpapersareprintedout,insteadofhandwritten.Andfewteachersusechalkandblackboards,withMicrosoft’sPowerPointthemost-oftenusedsoftwaretoteachknowledgetostudents.ThenumberofelectronicdevicesintheclassroomisthoughttobeanotherreasonwhystudentsareeasilysatisfiedwithjustapoorknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandcharacters.Itisquickertolookupacharacterinanelectronicdictionary,buttraditionalprinteddictionariesoffermoredetailedinformationontheusageandmeaningofthecharacters.Studentspaymoreattentiontorememberingacharacter’spronunciation,butnottheotherknowledgerelatedtoit,whiche-dictionariesrarelyprovide.Anotherworryisthe“pollution”ofChinesecharactersbyInternetlanguage.YoungpeopleregardusingInternetlanguageascoolandfashionable.Aftertheylearntousetheseexpressions,theyautomaticallyincludethemintheirwriting.28.Withtheexampleofacollegegraduate,theauthorshows .A.thatpracticingcanimprovewritingB.whycertainpeoplearepoorwritersC.thattherearedifferencesinstudents’writingD.whyChinesecharacterhandwritingisingreatdanger29.Bysaying“...thoseinterviewedoftenexperience‘characteramnesia’”,thewritermeansthoseinterviewed .A.arenotgoodathandwritingB.can’twritecharactersaccuratelyC.shownointerestinhandwritingD.findjobsmuchmoredifficultly30.WhatphenomenonisdescribedinParagraph5?A.Dependenceonelectronicdevices.B.Advantagesofelectronicdictionaries.C.Masteryofknowledgeofthecharacters.D.Disadvantagesofpublisheddictionaries.31.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardstheInternetlanguage?A.Favorable.B.Uncaring.C.Disapproving.D.Friendly.PassageDOverthelasttenyears,ourliveshavedramaticallychangedasaresultofnewtechnologies.Formanyofus,thewaysweliveanddobusinesshavechangedforever.Theappearanceofthesenewtechnologieshasproducedanewdivisionoftheglobalworkforce,allowingpeopletoworkfromthecomfortsofhomeorwhiletravelingandexploringtheglobe.Thesenewfoundfreedomsandflexibilityhavetransformedthewaywelookatourlifestyles.Today,headingtotheofficemaymeanremainingathome,sittinginafavoritecoffeeshop,ahotellobby(大廳)oronaloungechairbythebeach.Theabilityformanypeopletoworkisvirtuallyatourfingertips.Whatdoesthismeanforthefutureofourlifestylesandbusiness?Itmeansthelineswillcontinuetocrossbetweenhomelife,work,familyandsocialexperiences.Thetaskofbalancingourlifestyleanddailyactivitieswillbecomeessential.Newtoolswillcontinuetohelppeoplemanagebusyplans,andassistinperformanceandbusinessmanagement.Thisincreaseintechnologywillcreateanenhancedneedforperson-to-personconnectivity.Wearealreadyseeingariseinsocialactivitiestosubstitutetheexperiencesofmeetingpeople“atwork”andhavingregularface-to-faceengagement.FindingahealthysocialbalancewillbekeytoenjoyingthefreedomandflexibilityofworkingontheInternet.Inadditiontothegrowingnumberofpeopleintheremoteworkforce,educationalprogramsandhomeschoolingplatformsareseeingsimilargrowth.Togetherthesetwoelementsareredefiningtheconventionalfamily.Whenlivingnearbyworkorschoolarenolongerhouseholdfactors,thedoorstotheworldareopenwide.Thesearemajorshiftsinourlifestyledefinitionsandtheywilldirectlyimpacthowweexistandinteractintheworldinourfuturelifestyles.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheeffectsofnewtechnologiesonourwork?A.Theyallowflexibleworkoptions.B.Theychangeourattitudestowork.C.Theyaffectourchoicesofcareer.D.Theyprovidemoresecurejobs.13.Whatcanweinferaboutourworkinthefuture?A.Theworkplacewillbecomefixed.B.Thedivisionbetweenlifeandworkwilldisappear.C.Moreofourworkwillbecomputer-based.D.Moreface-to-facecommunicationwillbeneededintheworkplace.14.Whyarelivingnearbyworkorschoolnolongerhouseholdfactors?AThegrowthofremoteworkandonlineeducation.B.Thepreferenceofpeoplefordifferentlifestyles.C.Thewaysofpeopleinteractingwitheachother.D.Thenewstandardofthedefinitionoffamily.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantageofWorkingfromHomeB.TheFutureChangesofLifestyleC.TheNewWaysofCommunicationD.TheNewTrendinFutureEducationPassageESonyhasanewdeviceforanyonewho’severwishedtheycouldcarrytheirairconditioneronhotsummerdays.CalledReonPocket,thesmall,lightweightgadgetslidesintotheupperbackpocketofaspeciallydesignedT-shirt.Controlledwithasmartphoneapp,it’scapableofheatingorcoolingthewearerviathePeltiereffect,athermodynamicprinciplewidelyusedinrefrigeration.TheReonPocketcomesoutofSony’sstartupaccelerationprogram,andSonyiscurrentlycrowdfunding(眾籌)thedevice.Supporterscanchoosefromafewdifferentpackages,iftheywantmultipleT-shirtsforinstance,butabasiconeincludingthedeviceandoneshirtcosts￥14,080.There’sacatch,though:SonyonlyhasplanstoreleasetheReonPocketinJapanatpresent.Accordingtoaspokesperson,thetargetaudienceismostlybusinessmenwhohavetowearasuitinthesummer,thoughthecompanysaysitwilljudgeitswiderrelevancebasedonthecrowdfundingresults.Rightnow,though,theT-shirtsavailablecomeinmen’ssizes,small,medium,orlarge.Thedeviceisnotreallyforall-dayusesomuchasmovingbetweenair-conditionedorheatedareas,suchasduringthecommutetowork.Thebatterytakesaroundtwohourstochargeandlastsabout90minutes.WiththeReonPocket,Sonyjoinstheranksofthoseworkingontemperature-regulatingclothing.Onthemoretech-forwardendareexamplessuchasFrenchlabelCourreges,whichdebutedcoatswithbuilt-inheatersafewyearsago,andtheUSArmy,whichisexperimentingwithconductivefabricsthatcangenerateheatinextremecold.MorecommonplaceexamplesincludeUniqlo,whichhasbeensuccessfulwithitsHeattechandAirismunderlayers,andanumberofbrandsmakingshirtsmeanttoofferthecomfortandsweat-wickingpropertiesofathleticwear.InablogpostfromSony’sstartupaccelerator,YoichiIto,aprojectleaderonReonPocket,saidpeoplehavebecomeincreasinglyfocusedonfunctionalityandcomfortintheirclothing.In2017,histeamstartedthinkingofwaystheycouldblendtechnologywithfashiontoreachthosegoals.ReonPocketwastheresult.Japanesebuyerslookingtobattletherecordheatthissummerwillhavetowait,though.Ifthecrowdfundingissuccessful,deliveriesofthedevicearescheduledtobegininMarch2020.8.WhatisnecessarytomakeitpossibleforReonPockettowork?A.Wearers’usingthePeltiereffect.B.AT-shirtandaspecialsmartphone.C.Ahotsummerdayandaspecialpocket.D.AspecialT-shirtandasmartphoneapp.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch”inParagraph3referto?A.Benefit. B.Popularity. C.Disadvantage. D.Capture.10.WhydoestheauthorsaythatReonPocketisnotsuitableforall-dayuse?A.Thedevicebatteryisnotefficientenough.B.TheT-shirtforthegadgetistooexpensive.C.Crowdfundingisnotdecidedatthemoment.D.TheT-shirtisnotavailableforbothmenandwomen.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Functionalityandcomfortinclothingareincreasinglyappealing.B.ReonPocketwillcomeintothemarketinMarch2020atallevents.C.Sonyisthefirstcompanytoinventthetemperature-regulatingclothing.D.Thecomfortandsweat-wickingpropertiesofathleticwearhelpsathletestowin.PassageFThereisawidespreadbeliefamongsleepresearchersthatmanypeople,especiallyyoungadults,regularlyobtainskimpysleepduetowork,school,andsocialactivities.Themovetowardremoteworkandschoolhasprovidedanovelopportunitytotestthisbelief.Anewresearchcomparedself-reporteddataonsleephabitsfrom80studentsenrolledina2020summersessioncoursewithdatacollectedfrom450studentsenrolledinthesamecourseduringprevioussummersemestersandsuggeststhatstudentslearningremotelywenttobedanaverageof30minuteslaterthanpre-pandemic(疫情前)students.Theysleptlessefficiently,lessatnightandmoreduringtheday,butdidnotsleepmoreoveralldespitethetimesavedcommuting(通勤),workingorattendingsocialevents.Actually,theyhavenoearlyclassesand44percentfewerworkdayscomparedtostudentsinprevioussemesters.Oneveryconsistentfindingisacollectivedelayofsleeptiming—peoplegotobedandwakeuplater.Notsurprisingly,thereisalsoamarkedreductioninnaturallightexposure,especiallyearlyintheday.Thelackofchangeinsleeptimewasabitofasurprise,asitgoesagainsttheassumptionthatyoungadultswouldsleepmoreiftheyhadthetime.Self-describednightowls(夜貓子)weremorelikelytoreportagreaterpositiveeffectontheirsleep,gettingtosleepin,insteadofwakingupearlyforthatmorningclass,whilemorningtypesweremorelikelytoreportanegativeresponsetosleepinglaterthanusual.Sleepplaysanimportantroleinimmune(免疫的)functioningandmentalhealth,whichiswhygoodsleephabitsareimportant.Studentsandanybodyworkingfromhomeshouldtrytogetoutsideandworkoutearlyinthedaybecausethemorninglighthelpsstrengthentheirregularsleep-wakecycle—thisshouldimprovetheirsleep,andallowthemtofeelmorerestedandenergizedduringtheday.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skimpy”inparagraph1mean?Needful. B.Effective. C.Unnecessary. D.Insufficient.13.How’sthesleepofonlinelearningstudentscomparedwithpre-pandemicstudents?A.Theysleepmoreoverall. B.Theysleepnomorethanothers.C.Theysleeplessduringtheday. D.Theysleepmoreatnight.14.Whosesleepinghabitsismoreappropriatetodescribeonlinelearners’life?A.Busybees. B.Nightowls. C.Lazybones. D.Earlybirds.15.Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgive