-20-NewTrendsandProblemsinMaterialProcessingMachineDesignTheoryAbstract:Basedonreviewingthehistoricalbackground,prospectingforthedevelopmenttrend,analyzingthecomplicacyandmechanismandsummingupsomeachievementsandexperiencesinscientificresearch,severalnewproblemsandthepossibledirectionofdevelopmentinmaterialprocessingtechnologyandmachineareproposed,suchas,producingnewconceptmaterialspossessingsomespecificandextraovdinarypropertiesbymeansofintegratingandcoalescingconelativefrontierscienceandtechnology;andthereafterabriefdiscussionisgiven.Keywords:interface;extraordinaryphysicalfield;processionmachine;functionmaterial1TheTimeBackgroundofMaterialProcessingMachineInthelongspanofhistoryofhumanprogress,manytools,machinesandmethodswerecreatedandavarietyofmaterialswithdifferentpropertieswereprocessed.Materialsanditsprocessinghavebecomeoneofpillaranddrivingforceofmankindprogress.Inpacewithmulti-polarcompetitionincurrentworldandpeople’sstrivingperseveringlyforhappierlife,materialfunctiongoesbeyondunceasinglymen’sknowledgeandimagination,forexample,crypticfunctionmaterial,semiconductormaterial,energymaterial,vibration-absorptivematerial,super-strengthaluminumalloyaccountingfor70percentofapplicationofaeronauticsandspace,metalfoilof4～5μm,deepdrawingplatewithanisotropybelow1percent,electronicaluminumfoilwithmicro-orientationupto95percent,heatresistingaluminumalloywithsuperstrongspecificstrengthusedinaeronautics,spaceanddeepsea,etc.Thusseveralimportantdevelopmenttrendswithdistincttimefeaturesinmaterialprocessingdomainareshapedupasfollows:(1)Creatingmaterialprocessingmachinewithextraordinaryphysicalfieldforprocessingmaterialwithspecialtexturestructuresandfunctions.Forexample,applicationsofthermalenergyandmechanicalenergyarebreakingthroughunceasinglytechnologylimit,andsomenon-traditionenergy,suchasmicrowave,chemicalenergy,bioenergy,etc.,areintroducedintomaterialprocessingprocedureoneafteranother,sothatsomematerialprocessingmachineswithextraordinaryenergycircumstanceareproduced.(2)Breakingthroughtraditionalphysicallimitsandintegratingmelting,solidifying,plasticdeformationandheattreatmenttoobtainspecialfunctionofmaterialandcutdownexpenses[3].Forexample,near-netshapingmaterialprocessingtechnology,suchasfastrolling,sprayingdeposition,over-plasticmolding,injectionmolding,highenergybeam,etc,isapplied.(3)Materialprocessingprocessisforgedaheadinthedirectionofhighspeed,heavy-dutyandhighaccuracyonlinecontrol,forinstance,therollingspeedgoesupto130m·s-1,thedeformationpressurerisesupto300MPa,accuracyofdimensionupto0.1μm,accuracyofshapeupto0.1I,strengthaccuracycomesupto0.1MPa.Forthesereasons,itisnecessaryformaterialprocessingmachinedesigntheorytointegrateandcoalesceingeniouslycorrelativefrontierscienceandtechnologytocreateandproducesomenewconceptmaterialprocessingmachinewithfollowingfunctions.2DueFunctionsofNewConceptMaterialProcessingMachine(1)Tohavetheabilitytoproduceandbearextraordinaryphysicalfieldandtransmitextraordinaryenergyflowwiththeaimofprovidingextraordinaryphysicalcircumstancesnecessaryfornewconceptmaterialprocessing.Forexample,highgradienttemperaturefieldwiththespeedofcool-downofworkinterfacewhichexceeds104～106K·s-1,linewaveandpulsecomplexexertedinsolidifying-deformingarea,super-strengthcontactstressfieldofmaterialforminginterface,turbulentflowfieldofmoltenmetalwithverybigflakinessratio,lowfrequencymagneticfieldwithrandomfrequency,microwavefieldforpowdermetalheating,ultrasonicfieldforlargevolumesolidifying,etc.[4],areapplied.(2)Tohavetheabilitytoworkincriticalstatesothathighstabilityandidealperformanceofprocessingmachineisensuredunderthecircumstanceofreinforcedtechnologicalconditionandmulti-fieldcouplingoperation.Forexample,chattersuppressingcapabilityoffastultra-thinrollingundertheconditionofboundarylubricatingstate[5],thecapabilityofself-excitedvibrationsuppressingundertheconditionofspecialfrictionstate,synergismstabilityanddisturbancestabilityofflexibleconnectingparallelshaftwithmulti-drivingsystem,etc.[4],areensured.(3)Tohavetheabilitytoaccuratelycontrolthematerialprocessinginordertoobtainlowloss,highefficiencyandhighqualityofmaterialprocessing.Forexample,super-highaccuracyon-linemonitorofproductsform,on–linemonitorandon-lineadjustmentofproductstextureandproperties,precisioncoordinationcontrolofmulti-procedure,on-linemonitorofmicro-orientationofmetalplasticdeformation,etc.[4],areensured.Someproductsaccuracyindexmaybeenumeratedasfollows:dimensionalaccuracycomingto0.1μm,microstructureuniformitytocrystallattice,strengtherrorto0.1MPa,etc.[4]Inshort,onlybynewconceptmaterialprocessingmachinewithextraordinaryfunctionbeingdesignedandmade,canspecialfunctionmaterialbeprocessed.3ScienceProblemsandStudyContentsofMetalMaterialProcessingMachineUndertheCircumstanceofExtraordinaryPhysicalFieldInviewofthesefactsandbackgroundmentionedabove,severalnewresearchtopicscanbeadvancedasfollows.3.1CouplingHeatTransferMechanismofMulti-PhaseInterfaceTemperature-StressFieldAbrand-newmicrostructurecanbeobtainedthroughcontinuouslylargedeformationandfastsolidifyingwhenmeltingmetalisincriticalstateofliquidsolid.Atthisverymoment,highdensityheatflowanddynamicheatresistancearepresentinmaterialprocessingcircumstance.Abasictheoryproblemofdesigningthiskindofmachineistostudymechanismofheattransmittanceandenergyconversion,andtoestablishmathematicalmodel.3.2FrictionConstraintMechanismofPlasticFlowInterfaceofMaterialProcessingMachineThecouplingbetweenoperationmechanismandworkpieceisverycomplicatedbecauseplasticflowispresentinprocessinginterface.Theinterfacestate,determinedbyvelocity,loadthermodynamicprocess,elasticityofoperationmechanism,plasticityofworkpiece,dynamicbehaviourofinterfacesticking-slidingandpartialhydrodynamiclubrication,etc,affectandformfrictionconstraintsmechanismpeculiartomaterialprocessingmachine,becausetheseconstraintspresentstrongnon-linearity;andundercertaincircumstances,theconstraintsmaybedestroyedormismatchedinstantaneouslyandthusdynamicinstabilityisresultedin.Thusfollowingproblemscanbeputforward:Mechanismof“spectrechatter”arosefromsticking-slidingfrictionandpartialhydrodynamiclubricationinrollinginterface,instabilityconditionandmechanismofconstraintbetweensmoothsurfaceandrotatingbodyunderthecircumstanceofhighspeed,heavy-dutyandboundarylubrication,Lubricationfilmabsorptionmechanismandphysicalchemistrybehaviourofinterfaceofunceasinglyregenerativesurface,therelationshipbetweenrheologicalcharacteristicandmachineoperationparameters.3.3Multi-BodyNon-LinearContactMechanismUndertheConditionofExtra-HighPressureFieldTobuildthesuperstrengthpressurefieldonlargeareaisoneofbasicfunctionofmaterialprocessingmachine,anditisalsonecessarytoformbyoncelarge-sizestructureelement(suchasspacecraft,intercontinentalvehicles,carandlarge-scaleaeroplaneetc).Theabilitytobuildsuperstrongpressurefieldisoneofimportantfeatureandthebaseofindependentnationaldefense.Underthecircumstanceofsuperstrengthpressurefield,multi-bodystrongnonhertzcontactandnon-linearfrictionwillbeproduced,thuslocalpermanentdeformationanddegradingofelementaccuracymaybeled.Newtheoryfoundationofdesignofmachinewithsuperstrengthpressurefieldwillbefurnishedthroughstudyofmulti-bodystrongnon-hertzcontactmechanism,multi-bodynon-linearfrictionmechanism(suchasprovidingforce-displacementmixedsolvingprocessofthree-dimensionmulti-body).3.4LoadDistributionLawinMulti-SlidingPairWithStructureBiasLoadWithregardtostaticallyindeterminatestructure,loaddistributionofconstraintpointisdeterminedbydeformationcompatibilitycondition.However,concerningsomeplanelarge-sizestaticallyindeterminatestructurewithslidingdegreeoffreedominthirddimension,loaddistributioncannotbedeterminedbydeformationcompatibilitycondition.Thusnewtheorybasiswillbeprovidedbyanalyzingofcontactbehaviourandmechanismofslidingpair(suchascreep,forceoffriction,integraldeformationcompatibilitycondition,etc).3.5CouplingMechanismandStabilityofMulti-PhysicalFieldsinMaterialProcessingSystemsInthewakeofsystemfunctionbecomingmoreandmorediversified,conventionaltechnologylimitsinmaterialprocessingmachineisbeingbrokethroughunceasingly,systemstructurealsobecomesincreasinglycomplicated,andsystemperformancebecomesincreasinglymulti-causal.Forexample,anyinstantaneousstateofrollerinfastrollingmillsisaffectedbyelasticdeformation,plasticflow,heattransferprocess,hydro-dynamiclubricationprocess,interfacephysicalchemistrymolecularstateandsoon.Inaddition,electromechanicalcouplinginprocessingsystemhavealreadygonebeyondconventionalconcept,forinstance,somesingularpointphenomenon(suchasmicro-variablecanbetransformedintomacro-variable),arepresent,thusrolleroperationinstabilitymaybeledbyperturbation[8].Therefore,thissubjectwillstudytheinteractionmechanismofmulti-physicalfieldandtheinfluenceonprocessingsystemstabilityandprocessingmaterialqualitystartedwithanalysisofmicro-stateofexecutivebody.3.6Multi-TechnologyIntegrationandCoalescenceofAccurateControlThematerialprocessingmachine,whichoperateunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfield,isacomplicatedlarge-scalesystem,andsomeparametersofthesystemvaryonfeasiblefieldboundary;thereby,tokeepunderaccuratecontrolandadjustmentofmultifieldcircumstance,multi-dimensioncoordination,multi-energyconversion,multi-levelinformationtransfer,interfacemulti-processcoupling,etc.isofmuchsignificance.Sinceavarietyofmulti-interactionexistsincontrolmodel,itisnecessarytoestablishintegrationframeworkofcoordinationworkaccordingtodecouplingofcontrolmodel,soastoaccuratecontrolbasedonthemulti-technologyintegrationandcoalescenceisrealized.3.7Quasi-RealityDesignandConcurrentDesignBasedonKnowledgeInnovationSystemsDigitalizationandvisualizationofmaterialprocessingtechnologywillpromoteimmediatelythequalityofdesign,operationandcontrol.Thereforeoptimizationofmaterialprocessingtechnologyandmaterialprocessingmachinebymeansofrealizationofvirtualsimulationofprocessingprocedurethroughquasi-realitydesignandconcurrentdesignisoneofourpressingstudysubjects.3.8MechanicalBehaviorofSpecialFunctionMaterialsintheExtraordinaryPhysicalFieldManykeyelementsandpartsinmaterialprocessingmachineareoftenunderthecircumstanceofsuperstrongforcefield,temperaturefield,electronicmagneticfieldandflowfield,andmusthavethefunctionsofconstructingspecialphysicalinterface.However,itisdifficultforcommonsingle-substancematerialsuchasmetal,ceramicpolymer,etc.tohavebothhighindexofsinglepropertyandexcellentoverallquality.Thereforeweneedtousecertainmaterialwithnewfunctionsforkeyposition[9],forinstance,multi-dimensionfunctiongradientmaterialwithultrahighphysicalproperty,multi-dimensionfunctiongradientmaterialwithintelligence.Forthesereasons,itisnecessarytostudybasiclawandmechanismofthesekindoffunctionmaterialmentionedabove,forinstance,stress(strain)distributionfunction,failuremechanismanddesigncriteriaofmaterialunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfield,static(dynamic)stiffnessanddamping,digitalizationdesignandvisualizationdesignofprocessingsystemmadeofgradientfunctionmaterial,etc,sothatthegeneralmechanicslawofelementwhichisunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfieldandmadeofanisotropymulti-dimensiongradientfunctionmaterialisobtained.Nowadays,materialprocessingscienceandtechnologyisforgingrapidlyahead.Aforward-lookingstudyaimingatkeytechnologyproblemofmaterialprocessingmachinewillprovidetheoryandtechnologyreserveformanufacturingscienceandindustryof21stcentury.4DesignexperienceGraduationdesigniswelearnedintheuniversityoftechnologyandthebasiccourses,allcourseallprofessionalclassafterthe.Thisiswehaveallofthecourseofthefirstin-depthcomprehensivereviewofthetotal,isalsoourintosocialworkinfrontofatheorywiththepracticeoftraining.Therefore,itisinourfouryearuniversitylifeholdsanimportantposition.Personally,IhopeIcanpassthegraduationdesignforyourfuturewillbeengagedintheworkofalighttraining,toexercisehisanalysisproblem,problem-solvingability,forthefutureofourmotherlandinthefourconstructionlayagoodfoundation.Turnaneyeforfourweeksofmechanicalmanufacturingtechnologyandspecialjigdesignwillbeover,thedesignofcurriculumreviewaroundthefeelingoflifeasaprocessofascension,andinthecurriculumdesign,weconstantlyseetheteachingmaterial,lookatreferenceseematerial,meettheproblemandnotunderstandweanalyzedtogetherorasktheteacherforadviceandsoontofindausefultoourdesignofdataandmaterial,andthenwilltheybecomeourdesignsuchasrawmaterial,throughthisdesignwe'velearnedalotofknowledge,andlearntoandfamiliarwiththelook-uptableandcheckreferencebook,alsomasteredproeandCADrelatedoperations,forpartsoftheprocessdesignhadadeepunderstandingandtheunderstandingoffixturedesignalsohasanunderstandingofandknowsomebasicfixturethespecificstructureparts,suchasflap,drillset,mandrels.ThroughthecooperationandteammembersmakeprocessandfixturethatIunderstandcooperationisveryimportant,divisionoflaborcooperationcanworkbetterandfaster.Inthiscoursedesign,theteachergaveusvaluablereferenceopinions,letusknowhowtocompleteacoursedesign,howtoputyourthingsdone,thankstotheteachercarefullycounselling.Andwehavemoreanalysisandproblemsolvingability.Intheprocess,wefoundthatthemostlackisthesocialpracticeexperience,emptyhavebookstheoryknowledge,noperceptualcognition,oftenwilllikelyandactualapart.Ingeneral,dothiskindofdesigncanmakethewewillhavelearnedknowledgesystemrelatedtolink,whichexposedthedeficiencies.Alsohopeweinthelaterstudycanintosociety,makemoresocialpractice,inordertoimprovetheirabilitytoadapttosociety.Reference[1]XuZhiGang.Basedonthecombinationofthegeneralizedmappingprinciplefixturestructuredesignautomation[J].Journalofmechanicalengineering,2021(12):105~108.[2]ZhuYaoXiang,meltsalsosound.Flexibleclampandcomputeraidedfixturedesigntechnologydevelopment[A].Nationalproductionengineering8thacademicconferenceproceedings[C].Beijing:mechanicalindustrypress,2021.204~209.[3]ZhouZhenBao.Theaccuracyofthemachinetoolfixturesanalysis[J].Machinetoolandhydraulicpressure,2021(2):137~138.[4]LiuLiJuan.Machinetoolsinthedesignoffixturesidetwopositioningpin[J].Jlubricationandsealing,2021(3):107~108.[5]Yanzhizhong,LiuXianMei.Computeraidedfixturedesignmethodanddevelopmenttrend[J].JournalofInnerMongoliaforestryuniversity,1996,(3):69~74.[6]WangFengQi,XuGongJing,GuoWei.Computeraidedfixturedesignreview[J].Aviationmanufacturingtechnology,2021(11):38to40.[7]ZhuYaoXiang,meltsalsoblare.Fixturedesignautomationpresentsituationanddevelopmenttrendof[J].Mechanicalscienceandtechnology,1993(10):14to17.[8]ZhangFuRun,XuHongthis,LiuYanLin.Mechanicalmanufacturingtechnologyfoundation[M].Wu:huazhonguniversityofscienceandtechnologypress,2021.288~320.[9]ZhaoGuJi.Mechanicalmanufacturingtechnologycoursedesigninstruction[M].Beijing:mechanicalindustrypress,2021.60~61.[10]GuChongbitetc.Mechanicalmanufacturingtechnology[M].Xian:thescienceandtechnologypress,1990.4~58.[11]WangQiPing.Machinetoolclampdesign[M].Harbin:Harbinindustrialuniversitypress,1996.1~134207~249.[12]WangXiaoHua.Machinetoolfixturespictures[M].Beijing:mechanicalindustrypress,1992.36~,40~and37.[13]DingDianZhong,JiangHongWei.Metaltechnologycoursedesign[M].Beijing:mechanicalindustrypress,2021.6~14.[14]nationalstandardfull-textdatabasesystem[EB/OL].:6006/,1989-7-1.[15]northeastinstituteofheavymachinery,luoyangengineering,thefirstcarfactoryworkeruniversity.Machinetoolclampdesignmanual[M].Shanghai:Shanghaiscienceandtechnologypublishinghouse.[16]LiuYouand.Metalprocessdesign[M].Guangzhou:instituteofsouthChina,and1982.1~13.[17]CuiJian.Steelfiberconcretepolymermaterialsoptimizationanditsmachinetoolofthelathebed[D].Fuxin,liaoningprovince:liaoningengineeringtechnologyuniversity,2021.[18]XuGuJun.AutomotiveshockabsorberCAPPsystemdevelopmentandresearch[D].Changshainhunan:zhongnanforestryuniversity,2021.[19]XuGongJing.Computeraidedfixturedesignsystemresearchanddevelopment[D].Tianjin:tianjinuniversity,2021.中文譯文：材料制備機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理論中的新趨勢(shì)和新問(wèn)題摘要:在全面綜述材料制備機(jī)械技術(shù)及設(shè)備發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了研究領(lǐng)域的幾個(gè)新問(wèn)題和發(fā)展方向,如通過(guò)集成和融合現(xiàn)代相關(guān)前沿科學(xué)和技術(shù)，生產(chǎn)具有超常和特殊性能的新概念材料等,并進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析和討論.關(guān)鍵詞:界面;超常物理場(chǎng);制備機(jī)械;功能材料1機(jī)械材料加工的時(shí)代背景在人類(lèi)進(jìn)步的一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)，許多工具、機(jī)械和方法被提出來(lái)；不同的原料用不同的工具來(lái)加工。原料及其處理過(guò)程已經(jīng)變成了推動(dòng)人類(lèi)進(jìn)步不可缺的一部份。在當(dāng)前世界中日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和人們追求幸福生活的今天，物質(zhì)的功能已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了人類(lèi)現(xiàn)有的并不斷增長(zhǎng)的知識(shí)及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半導(dǎo)體材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空領(lǐng)域中占有70%份額的強(qiáng)力鋁合金4~5um的薄金屬片，用各向異性深沖壓金屬板在1%以下；電子鋁箔與強(qiáng)耐熱鋁合金已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到航空、宇宙及深海領(lǐng)域中，等等；在原料加工加工領(lǐng)域中不同的時(shí)間段里，材料重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)就這樣形成了：（1）在特殊的物理領(lǐng)域里制造原料加工機(jī)械，是為了能有特殊的質(zhì)地結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助性的加工功能。例如：運(yùn)用熱能和機(jī)械能能夠突破科學(xué)技術(shù)的極限，將一些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化學(xué)能、生物能等等，一個(gè)接一個(gè)的被引入到材料加工中來(lái)，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工設(shè)備就被制造出來(lái)了。（2）突破傳統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)限制，將溶化、凝固、造型一體化，然后加熱得到具有特殊功能的原料，這樣就可以降低加工費(fèi)用。例如：材料加工整形技術(shù)，比如像快速翻滾，噴霧處理、塑膠成型、噴射造型法、高能量射束等等被應(yīng)用。（3）原料加工處理正在向高速、重載和高精度在線(xiàn)控制方向上邁進(jìn)。例如：軋制速度達(dá)到130m/s，壓力變形已達(dá)到300MPa，尺寸精度達(dá)到了0.1um，成型精度已達(dá)到0.1i；濃度精度已達(dá)到0.1MPa。由于這些原因，原料加工機(jī)械設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)理論將科學(xué)與技術(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的領(lǐng)域有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)一中新概念材料加工設(shè)備是可能的。2對(duì)于新概念材料加工設(shè)備的期望功能（1）要有能力生產(chǎn)具有特殊物質(zhì)的領(lǐng)域；能傳送那些對(duì)于新概念材料加工在特定的物質(zhì)環(huán)境下是非常必要的特殊能流。例如：在高溫環(huán)境下能使那些高溫波或者脈沖以超過(guò)104~106K/s的速度冷卻下來(lái)；將外表面的凝固、變形合成一體，然后在將超強(qiáng)接觸面應(yīng)力重新組合成新的分界面；融化的大金屬薄片的湍流；隨機(jī)的低頻率磁場(chǎng)用于金屬末加熱的微波、用于大量凝固的超聲波等等都已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用了。（2）有能力在臨界狀態(tài)下工作，因此高穩(wěn)定性和理想性能的處理設(shè)備是在加強(qiáng)技術(shù)條件和室外操作的保證。例如：禁止在潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)下邊界上的搖晃；在特有的摩擦狀態(tài)下的抗震能力；有韌性的連接管的合力穩(wěn)定性和干擾穩(wěn)定性與軸相比更易驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。（3）有能力精確的控制原料加工而獲得低損耗、高功率、高性能的原料加工。例如：精確的在線(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)產(chǎn)品成型；在線(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)和在線(xiàn)調(diào)整產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)和器具還有在線(xiàn)控制金屬、塑膠成型的程序。產(chǎn)品的精確度指數(shù)可以列舉如下：宏觀(guān)上精確度可達(dá)到0.1um，微觀(guān)上的晶狀體結(jié)構(gòu)非常均勻，濃度誤差在0.1MPa。簡(jiǎn)而言之，擁有特別功能的新概念原料加工設(shè)備應(yīng)該被設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)出來(lái)。這樣的話(huà)，那些特別性能的原料就能被處理加工了。3在特殊的物理領(lǐng)域和環(huán)境下金屬材料加工設(shè)備的問(wèn)題和需要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容由于這些原因和以上提到的背景，如下的一些新的研究主題應(yīng)該被改進(jìn)：3.1連接傳熱裝置和溫度應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的相界面當(dāng)融化金屬處于液體和固體的臨界狀態(tài)時(shí)通過(guò)連續(xù)的變形和快速凝固，一種全新的微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)可以被獲得。在這個(gè)非常時(shí)刻，高濃度的熱流和動(dòng)態(tài)的熱阻力在材料加工處理中成了主要事項(xiàng)。關(guān)于設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)設(shè)備的基本理論問(wèn)題是要學(xué)習(xí)核心傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)合能量轉(zhuǎn)化和建立數(shù)學(xué)模型。3.2材料加工設(shè)備表面粘流摩擦力的抑制操作裝置和工件的連接是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的因?yàn)檎沉髯钃趿思庸け砻娼缑鎽B(tài)由周轉(zhuǎn)速度、熱力學(xué)處理工作量、操作裝置的彈性、工件的可塑性、滑性界面的動(dòng)態(tài)行為、局部水力的潤(rùn)滑油等等來(lái)決定。它們影響著材料加工設(shè)備抗摩擦裝置的成型。因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)會(huì)強(qiáng)制其產(chǎn)生很大的非線(xiàn)性，這種強(qiáng)制會(huì)在瞬間被損壞或者是失諧，最后會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)態(tài)不穩(wěn)定性。因此提出了以下的問(wèn)題：機(jī)械裝置的噪聲可能在晃動(dòng)的界面引起滑動(dòng)摩擦、不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)；在高速、重載和邊界潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)下在光滑表面和旋轉(zhuǎn)式噴灌器之間的裝置抑制。潤(rùn)滑油薄膜吸收裝置和不斷再生的表面的物理化學(xué)行為；流變學(xué)的特征和操作參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。3.3在高壓場(chǎng)條件下非線(xiàn)性接觸式機(jī)械裝置在大范圍內(nèi)組建一個(gè)超強(qiáng)力壓力場(chǎng)是材料加工設(shè)備的一個(gè)基本功能。當(dāng)然形成一個(gè)大結(jié)構(gòu)的元素也是可能的（例如太空船、大陸洲際間的交通工具、汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)）。組建一個(gè)超強(qiáng)壓力場(chǎng)是最重要的特征之一，也是保衛(wèi)國(guó)家獨(dú)立最基本的裝備。在強(qiáng)壓力場(chǎng)環(huán)境下，接觸式和非線(xiàn)性摩擦將會(huì)產(chǎn)生；因此將會(huì)導(dǎo)致局部的永久的變形和不好的因素。在強(qiáng)壓力場(chǎng)下設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，將會(huì)涉及到設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)新理論，例如：非接觸式、非線(xiàn)性摩擦機(jī)構(gòu)。3.4負(fù)荷分配規(guī)律關(guān)于超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)，抑制點(diǎn)的負(fù)荷分配規(guī)律由相容性條件決定。雖然，關(guān)于那些大尺寸的、不定的、靜止的結(jié)構(gòu)在真實(shí)空間中是自由變化的，但負(fù)荷分配規(guī)律是不能決定相容性條件。因此新的基礎(chǔ)理論由分析接觸行為和變形裝置獲得（例如：摩擦力、變形相容性條件，等等）。3.5耦合裝置和在材料加工系統(tǒng)中物理領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的穩(wěn)定性隨著系統(tǒng)的功能越來(lái)越多元化；許多限制材料加工進(jìn)度的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)正在不斷的被改善；系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)也逐漸變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，系統(tǒng)性能變得越來(lái)越好。例如：鋼扎廠(chǎng)的快速瞬間反轉(zhuǎn)受彈性形變、粘流、散熱處理、水動(dòng)力潤(rùn)滑處理的，物理化學(xué)分子狀態(tài)的影響。另外，機(jī)電的耦合在處理系統(tǒng)中已經(jīng)超出了傳統(tǒng)的概念；例如，一些奇特的現(xiàn)象（微小的變化可以引起很大的變化）已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)；因此，滾筒操作的不穩(wěn)定性可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致混亂。所以，這個(gè)主題將會(huì)在機(jī)械裝置的物理領(lǐng)域中，在處理系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的影響和加工助劑質(zhì)量上被提及和充分關(guān)注；3.6技術(shù)綜合和合并精準(zhǔn)的控制在特定的物理?xiàng)l件下進(jìn)行操作的材料加工設(shè)備是一個(gè)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)，一些系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)在領(lǐng)域的邊界上也是可以改變的；因此在領(lǐng)域環(huán)境下精確的控制與調(diào)整，調(diào)和尺寸，能量轉(zhuǎn)換，信息傳遞，界面耦合等等是非常重要的。因?yàn)樵诳刂颇Ｐ椭卸喾N交互作用的存在，根據(jù)退耦控制模型而建立綜合框架是必要的；精確的控制基于綜合技術(shù)。3.7優(yōu)化的和創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)基于創(chuàng)新的知識(shí)材料加工技術(shù)能促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的提高。最優(yōu)化的材料加工技術(shù)和材料加工設(shè)備意味著實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)質(zhì)的仿真通過(guò)類(lèi)似的設(shè)計(jì)和一致的設(shè)計(jì)是我們學(xué)習(xí)的主題。3.8在特殊的領(lǐng)域里機(jī)械裝置的特殊功能和應(yīng)用一些重要的元素和部分在材料加工設(shè)備中常常在強(qiáng)力場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)、電磁場(chǎng)和流場(chǎng)中工作，有建造特別物理界面的功能；雖然對(duì)那些普通單一的物質(zhì)象金屬、陶瓷等擁有單一的高指數(shù)和卓越的總質(zhì)量是很困難的。因此我們需要在重要部位采用具有新功能的原料；例如：尺度功能有傾向的材料是想當(dāng)可貴的。由于這些原因，學(xué)習(xí)基本法律和以上提到的具有這些功能的機(jī)械裝置；例如：強(qiáng)調(diào)分配功能、破壞機(jī)理和在特定領(lǐng)域中的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，靜態(tài)（動(dòng)態(tài)）的硬度和阻尼，模糊設(shè)計(jì)和明朗設(shè)計(jì)處理系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了有斜度的材料，等等。今天，材料加工科學(xué)和技術(shù)正在快速的向前發(fā)展；把學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)材料加工設(shè)備的技術(shù)問(wèn)題將會(huì)為21世紀(jì)的制造業(yè)提供技術(shù)支持。4設(shè)計(jì)心得畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在我們學(xué)完了大學(xué)的全部基礎(chǔ)課、技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課以及全部專(zhuān)業(yè)課之后進(jìn)行的。這是我們對(duì)所學(xué)各課程的一次深入的綜合性的總復(fù)習(xí)，也是我們?cè)谧哌M(jìn)社會(huì)工作崗位前的一次理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的訓(xùn)練。因此，它在我們四年的大學(xué)生活中占有重要的地位。就我個(gè)人而言，我希望能通過(guò)這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)自己未來(lái)將從事的工作進(jìn)行一次適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練，從中鍛煉自己分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題的能力，為今后參加祖國(guó)的“四化”建設(shè)打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。轉(zhuǎn)眼間4周的機(jī)械制造技術(shù)和專(zhuān)用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)就結(jié)束了,周?chē)恼n程設(shè)計(jì)審查對(duì)生活的感悟作為一個(gè)提升的過(guò)程,并在課程設(shè)計(jì),會(huì)不斷地看到教材,看參考書(shū)看資料,遇到問(wèn)題卻不明白我們一起分析或向老師請(qǐng)教等找到一個(gè)有用的與我們的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和資料,然后他們會(huì)成為我們的設(shè)計(jì)為原料,通過(guò)這種設(shè)計(jì)我們學(xué)到了很多的知識(shí),學(xué)習(xí)并熟悉與查表,檢查參考書(shū),也掌握了證明和CAD相關(guān)的操作,因?yàn)椴糠止に囋O(shè)計(jì)有著深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的夾具設(shè)計(jì)也有了一定的了解,知道一些基本的夾具的具體結(jié)構(gòu)部件,如皮瓣,鉆套,頂頭……。通過(guò)合作和團(tuán)隊(duì)成員及夾具,使過(guò)程中我了解合作是非常重要的,分工合作可以工作更快更好。在這個(gè)課程設(shè)計(jì),老師給我們提供了寶貴的參考意見(jiàn),讓我們知道如何完成的課程設(shè)計(jì),如何把你的事情,多虧老師的精心輔導(dǎo)。和我們有了更多的分析和解決問(wèn)題的能力。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)最缺乏的是社會(huì)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),空虛有書(shū)籍理論知識(shí),沒(méi)有感性的認(rèn)知,往往會(huì)有可能和實(shí)際分開(kāi)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),這種設(shè)計(jì)可以使我們會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)知識(shí)體系相關(guān)鏈接,這暴露了不足之處。也希望我們?cè)谝院蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)可以進(jìn)入社會(huì),使更多的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),為了提高自己的能力,以適應(yīng)社會(huì)。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]徐志剛.基于廣義映射原理的組合夾具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化[J].機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào),2021(12):105～108.[2]朱耀祥，融亦鳴.柔性?shī)A具與計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的發(fā)展[A].全國(guó)生產(chǎn)工程第8屆學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文集[C].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2021.204～209.[3]周振寶.機(jī)床夾具精度的分析[J].機(jī)床與液壓,2021(2):137～138.[4]劉麗娟.機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)中的一面二銷(xiāo)定位[J].潤(rùn)滑與密封,2021(3):107～108.[5]閆志中,劉先梅.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)方法及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J].內(nèi)蒙古林學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1996,18(3):69～74.[6]王鳳岐,許紅靜,郭偉.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)綜述[J].航空制造技術(shù),2021(11):38～40.[7]朱耀祥,融亦嗚.夾具設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J].機(jī)械科技,1993(10):14～17.[8]張福潤(rùn),徐鴻本,劉延林.機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M].武昌:華中科技大學(xué)出版社,2021.288～320.[9]趙家齊.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2021.60～61.[10]顧崇銜等.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)[M].西安:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1990.4～58.[11]王啟平.機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)[M].哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1996.1～134,207～249.[12]王小華.機(jī)床夾具圖冊(cè)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992.36～37,40～41.[13]丁殿忠,姜鴻維.金屬工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2021.6～14.[14]國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)[EB/OL].:6006/,1989-7-1.[15]東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院,洛陽(yáng)工學(xué)院,第一汽車(chē)制造廠(chǎng)職工大學(xué).機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M].上海:上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社.[16]劉友和.金工工藝設(shè)計(jì)[M].廣州:華南工學(xué)院，1982.1~13.[17]崔劍.鋼纖維聚合物混凝土材料優(yōu)化及其機(jī)床床身的研究[D].遼寧省阜新市:遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué),2021.[18]徐家軍.汽車(chē)減振器CAPP系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)與研制[D].湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市:中南林學(xué)院,2021.[19]許紅靜.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)[D].天津市:天津大學(xué),2021.

社會(huì)實(shí)踐報(bào)告系別：班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：姓名：作為祖國(guó)未來(lái)的事業(yè)的繼承人，我們這些大學(xué)生應(yīng)該及早樹(shù)立自己的歷史責(zé)任感，提高自己的社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力。假期的社會(huì)實(shí)踐就是很好的鍛煉自己的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)下，掙錢(qián)早已不是打工的唯一目的，更多的人將其視為參加社會(huì)實(shí)踐、提高自身能力的機(jī)會(huì)。許多學(xué)校也積極鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生多接觸社會(huì)、了解社會(huì)，一方面可以把學(xué)到的理論知識(shí)應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中去，提高各方面的能力；另一方面可以積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)日后的就業(yè)大有裨益。進(jìn)行社會(huì)實(shí)踐，最理想的就是找到與本專(zhuān)業(yè)對(duì)口單位進(jìn)行實(shí)習(xí)，從而提高自己的實(shí)戰(zhàn)水平，同時(shí)可以將課本知識(shí)在實(shí)踐中得到運(yùn)用，從而更好的指導(dǎo)自己今后的學(xué)習(xí)。但是作為一名尚未畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生，由于本身具備的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)還十分的有限，所以我選擇了打散工作為第一次社會(huì)實(shí)踐的方式。目的在于熟悉社會(huì)。就職業(yè)本身而言，并無(wú)高低貴賤之分，存在即為合理。通過(guò)短短幾天的打工經(jīng)歷可以讓長(zhǎng)期處于校園的我們對(duì)社會(huì)有一種更直觀(guān)的認(rèn)識(shí)。實(shí)踐過(guò)程：自從走進(jìn)了大學(xué)，就業(yè)問(wèn)題就似乎總是圍繞在我們的身邊，成了說(shuō)不完的話(huà)題。在現(xiàn)今社會(huì)，招聘會(huì)上的大字報(bào)都總寫(xiě)著“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者優(yōu)先”，可還在校園里面的我們這班學(xué)子社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)又會(huì)擁有多少呢？為了拓展自身的知識(shí)面，擴(kuò)大與社會(huì)的接觸面，增加個(gè)人在社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，鍛煉和提高自己的能力，以便在以后畢業(yè)后能真正真正走入社會(huì)，能夠適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化，并且能夠在生活和工作中很好地處理各方面的問(wèn)題，我開(kāi)始了我這個(gè)假期的社會(huì)實(shí)踐-走進(jìn)天源休閑餐廳。實(shí)踐，就是把我們?cè)趯W(xué)校所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)，運(yùn)用到客觀(guān)實(shí)際中去，使自己所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)有用武之地。只學(xué)不實(shí)踐，那么所學(xué)的就等于零。理論應(yīng)該與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。另一方面，實(shí)踐可為以后