陜西省渭南市大荔縣2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhosaysyouhavetostayindoorswhenthetemperaturesdrop?Herearefavoriteplacestoexplorethiswinter.Athens,GreeceInAthens,everyNovembertemperaturestayaroundthemid-20s,sohaveatriptotheParthenonandAcropolis.AfullafternoonisalsonecessaryforexploringtheMuseumofCycladicArtanditsexhibitions—recentlyithashostedPicasso’s.InthestreetsofthePysrridistrictisahiddenholeinthewall,fromwhichonecangodowntothebasementrestaurant,Diporto.Huaraz,PeruTosome,PerugivespeopleimagesofstudentsinprintedshortsonatourofMachuPicchu.There’sobviouslysomuchmoretodointheUNESCOWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))site.AnyhikethroughthesurroundingHuascaranNationalParkwillmakeyoufeellikeyou’vesteppedintoTheLordoftheRings.AprilandNovemberareconsidered“shoulderseason”,whichmeansfewercleardaysbutyoucanenjoythetrails(路線)withfewerpeople.Edinburgh,UKYes,it’sprobablygoingtobefreezingcold.Hotcoffeesteamupinapleasing,romanticfashionincafes.Peoplecantakeafewminutes’walkfromtheScottishNationalPortraitGallery.ForsimpleScottishdishesthere’sneighborhoodinn,theLittleChartroom.AndtheSheepHeidInnhasbeenlongenoughtohaveservedMary,QueenofScots.Intheeightbedroomsatthe18thcenturyRockHouse,eachisamixtureofancientdetailsandcurrentfashion.Valletta,MaltaFlightsfromtheUKtoMalta’scapitalareonlyaround￡30,makingitoneofthebestdestinationsforaNovembertrip.Thistinycityhasatemperatureof17orsoandhaschangeditselfintoayear-roundcitybreakwithartisticcafes,hotelsandnewlyopenedgalleries—MuzaopenedlastyearandhousestheformerNationalGallerycollection.1.WhichplacehasexhibitedPicasso’sworkslately?A.Muza. B.NationalGallery.C.TheMuseumofCycladicArt. D.ScottishNationalPortraitGallery.2.Whichofthefollowingisthecoldestinwinter?A.Athens. B.Valletta. C.Huaraz. D.Edinburgh.3.WhatisspecialaboutRockHouse?A.ItservedtheQueenofScotland. B.Itcombinesancientandmodernstyles.C.Ithasatleasteightkindsofrooms. D.ItoffersScottishlocalspecialties.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要講讀者介紹4個(gè)在冬天也可以去玩的地方?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Athens,Greece第一段“AfullafternoonisalsonecessaryforexploringtheMuseumofCycladicArtanditsexhibitions—recentlyithashostedPicasso’s.”（一整個(gè)下午來(lái)探索MuseumofCycladicArt和那里的展覽品也是必要的——最近，它剛剛舉辦了畢加索的。）可知，MuseumofCycladicArt最近剛剛舉辦了畢加索的作品。故選C。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Edinburgh,UK“Yes,it’sprobablygoingtobefreezingcold.”（是的，那里很可能將要凍死了。）可知，Edinburgh是最冷的地方。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Edinburgh,UK的第二段“Intheeightbedroomsatthe18thcenturyRockHouse,eachisamixtureofancientdetailsandcurrentfashion.”（在18世紀(jì)的RockHouse里的18個(gè)臥室里，每一個(gè)都是古代細(xì)節(jié)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚的結(jié)合。）可知，在RockHouse里有古代和現(xiàn)代的結(jié)合。故選B。BWilliamButlerYeats,amostfamousIrishwriter,wasborninDublinonJune13,1865.Hischildhoodlackedtheharmony(和睦)thatwastypicalofahappyfamily.Later,Yeatsshockedhisfamilybysayingthatheremembered"littleofchildhoodbutitspain".Infact,heinherited(繼承)excellenttasteinartfromhisfamily—bothhisfatherandhisbrotherwerepainters.Buthefinallysettledonliterature,particularlydrama(戲劇)andpoetry.Yeatshadstrongfaithincomingofnewartisticmovements.HesethimselfthefreshtaskinfoundinganIrishnationaltheatreinthelate1890s.Hisearlytheatricalexperiments,however,werenotreceivedfavourablyatthebeginning.Hedidn’tloseheart,andfinallyenjoyedsuccessinhispoeticaldrama.Comparedwithhisdramaticworks,Yeats’spoemsattractmuchadmiringnotice.Thesubjectmatterincludeslove,nature,history,timeandaging.ThoughYeatsgenerallyreliedonverytraditionalforms,hebroughtmodernsensibilitytothem.Ashisliterarylifeprogressed,hispoetrygrewfinerandricher,whichledhimtoworldwiderecognition.HehadnotenjoyedamajorpubliclifesincewinningtheNobelPrizein1923.Yet,hecontinuedwritingalmosttotheendofhislife,forthereisnootherexampleinliteraryhistoryofapoetwhoproducedhisgreatestworksbetweentheagesof50and70.Hediedin1939,aged73.4.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeYeats’sfamily?A.ItfilledYeats’schildhoodwithlaughter.B.ItwasshockedbyYeats’schoice.C.Itwasatypicallywealthyfamily.D.Ithadanartisticatmosphere.5.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTTRUEaboutYeats’poems?A.Thethemeofhispoemsincludeslove,nature,history,timeandaging.B.Hispoemscatchmoreattentionthanhisdramaticworks.C.HispoemsonlyreceiverecognitioninIreland.D.Hispoemscarriedtraditionalformsandmodernsensibility.6.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide.B.Aliteraryjournal.C.Asciencebook.D.Ahealthmagazine.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Yeats’sliteraryachievements.B.Yeats’shistoricalinfluence.C.Yeats’sartisticambition.D.Yeats’snationalhonour.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要關(guān)于愛(ài)爾蘭最著名的作家WilliamButlerYeats的生平介紹和文學(xué)成就?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Infact,heinherited(繼承)excellenttasteinartfromhisfamily—bothhisfatherandhisbrotherwerepainters.Buthefinallysettledonliterature,particularlydrama(戲劇)andpoetry.(事實(shí)上，他從家庭中繼承了優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)品味——他的父親和他的兄弟都是畫(huà)家。但他最終選擇了文學(xué)，尤其是戲劇和詩(shī)歌)”可知推，Yeats的家庭有藝術(shù)氛圍。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ashisliterarylifeprogressed,hispoetrygrewfinerandricher,whichledhimtoworldwiderecognition.(隨著他文學(xué)生涯的發(fā)展，他的詩(shī)歌變得更加優(yōu)美和豐富，這使他得到了全世界的認(rèn)可)”可知，C選項(xiàng)“他的詩(shī)只在愛(ài)爾蘭得到認(rèn)可”描述錯(cuò)誤。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WilliamButlerYeats,amostfamousIrishwriter,wasborninDublinonJune13,1865.(WilliamButlerYeats，愛(ài)爾蘭最著名的作家，1865年6月13日出生于都柏林)”以及下文描述可知，本文是關(guān)于愛(ài)爾蘭最著名的作家WilliamButlerYeats的生平介紹和文學(xué)成就。由此推知，本文最有可能摘自文學(xué)雜志。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WilliamButlerYeats,amostfamousIrishwriter,wasborninDublinonJune13,1865.(WilliamButlerYeats，愛(ài)爾蘭最著名的作家，1865年6月13日出生于都柏林)”以及下文描述可知，本文是關(guān)于愛(ài)爾蘭最著名的作家WilliamButlerYeats的生平介紹和文學(xué)成就。故選A。CRecentlywecelebratedmygrandmother’s90thbirthday.Familymemberstraveledtomyhometowntovisither.ThiswasthefirsttimeinmanyyearsthatIhadseensomanyofthem.Thoughthiswasanopportunitytoseefamily,manypeopledidnotmakeit.Honestly,livingfarfromhometown,Ihadmissedmanyfamilygatherings.ButthisonemademerealizehowmuchIwasreallymissing.ItseemedstrangewhenIwaslookingatthelaces,realizingwhomtheywereandgreetingthemwithopenarms.Afterchattingforawhile,wecaughtuponeachother’snews.Severalrelativessuggestedhavingafamilyreunionsoonifeveryonewasn’tsobusy.Butmygrandmother’sgenerationwasmuchbusier,yetstillfoundtimetogather.Theyunderstoodtheimportanceofvisitingoneanother.Theyknewtimeisflyingandthatthoseyoucareaboutmostwon’tbehereforever.Today,wefocusonourcareersandraisingourkids.Ourextendedfamilyisn’tthecenteritoncewas.Besides,wekeepintouchonsocialmedia.Butwhatwereallymissarethepotatosalad,themomentsoflaughterandsuddenburstsofexcitementwhenwehugsomeonewehaven’tseenforover10years.Althoughthenextget-togetherisalwaysayearorsoaway,peoplearen’tgoodsandeveryonehasanexpiration(到期)dale.Ileftmygrandmother’spartywithamuchbettersenseofwhoIamandwhereIcomefrom.IspentvaluabletimewithpeoplewhocontributedtowhoIamtoday.IhadforgottenhowmuchIlovethemandIwasremindedhowmuchIamloved.8.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutmissingpreviousfamilygatherings?A.Indifferent. B.Sad. C.Regretful. D.Annoyed.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’sgrandmother’sgeneration?A.Theywerecarefree. B.Theyheldfamilydear.C.Theytooktimeseriously. D.Theyseldomvisitedfamily.10.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythelastsentenceinparagraph3?A.Familyreunionsmeannofun.B.Allgoodsdon’thaveanexpirationdate.C.Peoplearealwaystoobusytogettogether.D.Weshouldseelovedonesmorebeforeit’stoolate.11.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toconvincereaderstomeetfriends.B.Toshareaninterestingfamilyreunion.C.Tostressthevalueoffamilygatherings.D.Tocomparedifferentgenerations’values.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者參加了祖母的家庭聚會(huì)，在聚會(huì)上一家人其樂(lè)融融，使作者對(duì)家庭聚會(huì)的意義有了更為深刻的理解?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Honestly,livingfarfromhometown,Ihadmissedmanyfamilygatherings.ButthisonemademerealizehowmuchIwasreallymissing.(實(shí)話說(shuō)，我因?yàn)殡x家遠(yuǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)了許多家庭聚會(huì)，但這一次讓我意識(shí)到了我真正地錯(cuò)過(guò)了太多東西)”可知，作者對(duì)之前錯(cuò)過(guò)家庭聚會(huì)感到后悔，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butmygrandmother’sgenerationwasmuchbusier,yetstillfoundtimetogather.Theyunderstoodtheimportanceofvisitingoneanother.Theyknewtimeisflyingandthatthoseyoucareaboutmostwon’tbehereforever.(但是我的祖母那一代人要忙得多，但是她們?nèi)耘f找時(shí)間聚會(huì)。他們懂得相互看望的重要性。她們懂得時(shí)光飛逝，而且你在乎的人不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)都在)”可推理出，祖母那一代人很珍惜與家人相處的時(shí)刻，故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Althoughthenextget-togetherisalwaysayearorsoaway,peoplearen’tgoodsandeveryonehasanexpiration(到期)dale.(盡管下一次相聚會(huì)在左右以后，但是人不是商品而且每個(gè)人都有終止日期)”可知，作者要表達(dá)的意思是每個(gè)家人都會(huì)離去，我們應(yīng)該在家人仍在世的時(shí)候，珍惜你愛(ài)著的家人，故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ileftmygrandmother’spartywithamuchbettersenseofwhoIamandwhereIcomefrom.(我離開(kāi)祖母的家庭聚會(huì)后，對(duì)于我是誰(shuí)我從哪里來(lái)有了更好的理解)”可知，作者對(duì)家庭聚會(huì)有了更深刻的理解，寫(xiě)這篇文章意在強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭聚會(huì)的的重要性，故選C項(xiàng)。DScientistshavefiguredouthowCOVID-19causesmanypeopletolosetheirsenseofsmell.Andtheyhavegoodnews:Thelossoftheirsmellappearstobetemporarybecausetheactualcellsinthenosethatrecognizesmellaren’tharmed.Temporarylossofsmelliscalledanosmiabydoctors.It’soneoftheearliestandmostcommonlyreportedindicatorsofCOVID-19.Infact,studiessuggestitcanbetterpredictwhethersomeonelikelysuffersfromthediseasethanfeverandcough.Buttobeexact,whypeoplewithCOVID-19stopbeingabletosmellwasunclear.Itwasthoughtthatdamageorinflammation(炎癥)ofthesensorynervecellsthatdetectandsendthesenseofsmelltothebraincausedtheproblem.Thatturnedouttobewrong.InapaperpublishedonFriday,researchersfoundthatSARS-CoV-2,thevirusthatcausesCOVID-19,attacksthecellsthatsupportthosesmell-detectingneurons(神經(jīng)元)butnottheneuronsthemselves.“Thenovelcoronaviruschangesthesenseofsmellinpatientsnotbydirectlyinfectingneuronsbutbyaffectingthefunctionofthosesupportingcells,”saidSandeepRobertDatta,aprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool.That’sgoodnewsbecauseitmeanstheinfectionisn’tlikelytopermanentlydamageCOVID-19patients’smellnerves.“Oncetheinfectiondisappears,smellneuronsdon’tappeartoneedtobereplacedorrebuiltfromscratch,”hesaid.“Butweneedmoredataandabetterunderstandingofthehiddentheorytoconfirmthisconclusion.”COVID-19patientstypicallyrecovertheirsenseofsmelloverthecourseofseveralweeks.Inotherinfectionscausedbyaviruspatientcantakemonthstoregaintheirsenseofsmell.12.WhichcanbetterpredicttheinfectionofCOVID-19?A.Lossofsmell. B.Constantcough.C.Highfever. D.Temporaryunconsciousness.13.WhatisthenewdiscoverypublishedonFriday?A.Thenovelcoronaviruschangesthesenseofsmell.B.ThevirusthatcausesCOVID-19willkillsmellnerves.C.ThevirusofCOVID-19doesn’tattackthosesmell-detectingneurons.D.TheinfectionofCOVID-19permanentlydamagespatients’smellnerves.14.Whydoestheauthormentionothervirusinfectionsinthelastparagraph?A.Tosharehisorherrelevantknowledge.B.ToproveshortersmelllossofCOVID-19patients.C.Tointroducethenexthottopicaboutvirusinfection.D.Toconcludethebadresultsofdifferentinfections.15.Whatofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.PatientslivingwithCOVID-19willsoonrecoverB.COVID-19iseasytopredictbyseveralsymptomsC.WillCOVID-19destroyyournervesystem?D.WillCOVID-19patients’smelllosslastlong?【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)弄清楚了2019冠狀病毒是如何導(dǎo)致許多人喪失嗅覺(jué)的，科學(xué)家表明，這種嗅覺(jué)的喪失只是暫時(shí)的?！驹斀狻?2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Temporarylossofsmelliscalledanosmiabydoctors.It’soneoftheearliestandmostcommonlyreportedindicatorsofCOVID-19.Infact,studiessuggestitcanbetterpredictwhethersomeonelikelysuffersfromthediseasethanfeverandcough.”(嗅覺(jué)暫時(shí)喪失被醫(yī)生稱(chēng)為嗅覺(jué)缺失。這是最早也是最常見(jiàn)的2019冠狀病毒疾病癥狀之一。事實(shí)上，研究表明，相比發(fā)燒和咳嗽，它能更好地預(yù)測(cè)某人是否患上這種疾病。)可知，嗅覺(jué)喪失能更好地預(yù)測(cè)某人是否感染上了2019冠狀病毒，故選A。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“InapaperpublishedonFriday,researchersfoundthatSARS-CoV-2,thevirusthatcausesCOVID-19,attacksthecellsthatsupportthosesmell-detectingneurons(神經(jīng)元)butnottheneuronsthemselves.”(在上周五發(fā)表的一篇論文中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，SARS冠狀病毒2型——引起2019冠狀病毒疾病的病毒，攻擊的是支持那些嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)元的細(xì)胞，而不是這些嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)元本身。)可知，2019冠狀病毒不會(huì)攻擊那些嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)元本身，故選C。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“COVID-19patientstypicallyrecovertheirsenseofsmelloverthecourseofseveralweeks.Inotherinfectionscausedbyaviruspatientscantakemonthstoregaintheirsenseofsmell.”(2019冠狀病毒患者通常需要幾周的時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)嗅覺(jué)。在其他由病毒引起的感染中，病人需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)嗅覺(jué)。)可知，在其他由病毒引起的感染中，病人需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)嗅覺(jué)。但是，2019冠狀病毒患者恢復(fù)嗅覺(jué)的時(shí)間更短，通常需要幾周就能會(huì)恢復(fù)。由此可知，作者此處提到其他其他病毒的感染是為了證明2019冠狀病毒患者嗅覺(jué)喪失的時(shí)間更短，故選B。15.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“ScientistshavefiguredouthowCOVID-19causesmanypeopletolosetheirsenseofsmell.Andtheyhavegoodnews:Thelossoftheirsmellappearstobetemporarybecausetheactualcellsinthenosethatrecognizesmellaren’tharmed.”(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)弄清楚了2019冠狀病毒是如何導(dǎo)致許多人喪失嗅覺(jué)的。他們有好消息：嗅覺(jué)的喪失似乎是暫時(shí)的，因?yàn)楸亲永镒R(shí)別氣味的實(shí)際細(xì)胞沒(méi)有受到傷害。)可知，文章主要講了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)弄清楚了2019冠狀病毒是如何導(dǎo)致許多人喪失嗅覺(jué)的，科學(xué)家表明，這種嗅覺(jué)的喪失只是暫時(shí)的。所以D選項(xiàng)“WillCOVID-19patients’smelllosslastlong?”(2019冠狀病毒病人的嗅覺(jué)喪失會(huì)持續(xù)很久嗎？)最適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Chinesepeople’sEnglishproficiency(熟練)hasimprovedinthepastyearscomparedtoothernon-Englishspeakingcountries,areportreleasedonTuesdaysaid.____16____Itscores53.44outof100pointsthisyear,1.5pointsmorethanlastyear.Thisyear’sreportwasbasedontheEFStandardEnglishTestresultsofmorethan2.3millionadultswhoweretestedontheirabilitytounderstandwrittenandspokenEnglish.____17____Theirmedianagewas23,and59percentwerewomen,thereportsaid.JesperKnutell,executivevice-presidentandgeneralmanagerofcorporatesolutions,EFChina,saidChina’sincreaseinrankingswasfortwomainreasons.____18____Theirlong-termcommitmenttoEnglisheducationandincreasedinvestmentinthelanguagealsomadeagreatdifference.“____19____BecauseIlearnedEnglish,IhadtheopportunitytostudyatHarvardUniversity,whereIreceivedaPhD.Ialsotaughtfor10yearsatYaleUniversityandtheUniversityofMichigan,”saidNingQiang,professoratCapitalNormalUniversityinBeijing.Headded,“IamaproductofgoodEnglishproficiencyandanexampleofhowimportantgoodEnglishproficiencyistopeopledlearningopportunitiesandcareeradvancement.”ToimproveEnglishproficiency,peopleshouldstudyEnglisheverydayinsessionsof20to40minutesratherthanforhoursatatime,Knutellsaid.____20____HeaddedthatwatchingTV,readingandlisteningtotheradioinEnglishcanalsohelp.A.Englishhaschangedmylife.B.Englishbenefitsmycareeralot.C.China’srankingrosesevenplacesto40thamong100countries.D.Chinesepeople’sstrongdesiretounderstandtheworldcounted.E.Thereportwaswidelyacceptedbythepeoplearoundtheworld.F.Thenumberofparticipantsworldwideincreasedby27%thisyear.G.Theyshouldmemorizevocabularyandbeginusingitimmediately.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.A20.G【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了與其他非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家相比，中國(guó)人的英語(yǔ)水平有所提高?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Chinesepeople’sEnglishproficiency(熟練)hasimprovedinthepastyearscomparedtoothernon-Englishspeakingcountries,areportreleasedonTuesdaysaid.”(本周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告稱(chēng)，在過(guò)去幾年里，與其他非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家相比，中國(guó)人的英語(yǔ)水平有所提高。)可知，這里說(shuō)了一份報(bào)告的內(nèi)容。E.Thereportwaswidelyacceptedbythepeoplearoundtheworld.這份報(bào)告被世界各地的人們廣泛接受。E選項(xiàng)中也提到報(bào)告，呼應(yīng)前文，故選E?！?7題詳解】上文“Thisyear’sreportwasbasedontheEFStandardEnglishTestresultsofmorethan2.3millionadultswhoweretestedontheirabilitytounderstandwrittenandspokenEnglish.”(今年的報(bào)告是根據(jù)英孚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的結(jié)果得出的，測(cè)試對(duì)象是230多萬(wàn)成年人的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)能力。)F.Thenumberofparticipantsworldwideincreasedby27%thisyear.(今年，全球參與人數(shù)增加了27%。)中“participants”指上文出現(xiàn)的“morethan2.3millionadults”，承接上文，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theirlong-termcommitmenttoEnglisheducationandincreasedinvestmentinthelanguagealsomadeagreatdifference.”(他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)教育的長(zhǎng)期投入和對(duì)語(yǔ)言的投資也起到了很大的作用。)得知，本段提到了“l(fā)ong-termcommitment”，對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)中的“Chinesepeople’sstrongdesire”，符合語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)人了解世界的強(qiáng)烈愿望很重要。”切題，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“BecauseIlearnedEnglish,IhadtheopportunitytostudyatHarvardUniversity,whereIreceivedaPhD.”(因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)了英語(yǔ)，我有機(jī)會(huì)在哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，并在那里獲得了博士學(xué)位。)可知，我因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)改變了命運(yùn)，A.Englishhaschangedmylife.(英語(yǔ)改變了我的生活。),引起下文，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ToimproveEnglishproficiency,peopleshouldstudyEnglisheverydayinsessionsof20to40minutesratherthanforhoursatatime,Knutellsaid”(努特爾說(shuō)，為了提高英語(yǔ)水平，人們應(yīng)該每天學(xué)習(xí)20到40分鐘，而不是一次學(xué)幾個(gè)小時(shí))可知，此處講的是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法，G.Theyshouldmemorizevocabularyandbeginusingitimmediately.(他們應(yīng)該記住詞匯并立即開(kāi)始使用。)承接上文，故選G。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnJuly20,YuYifei,a26-year-oldmedicalintern(實(shí)習(xí)生)atPeople’sHospitalofZhengzhou,madehiswayhomeinasubwaytrainonLine5afterhisfirstday’straining.Whendownpoursstruckthecity,he____21____aboutadozenpeopletrappedinafloodedsubwaytrainastherainfallinZhengzhoureached201.9millimetersbetween4pmand5pm,atotallynew____22____inthehistoryofZhengzhou.Floodwaters____23____abarrierandenteredtheundergroundarea.Thetraincametoasuddenstopbeforethewaterbegan____24____inthecarriages,trappingpassengersinside.ThusYu,____25____toleaveandfearingforhislife,madea____26____calltohisfather.Aswatercontinuedtoflowintothecarriages,passengers’____27____rose.Whensubwayworkersarrivedtowithdrawthem,Yu____28____togetout.Ashemadehiswaytosafety,heheardacryforhelpfromsomeoneneedingadoctor.Hequickly____29____thewhitemedicalcoatgiventohimatthehospital_____30_____andreturnedtotheplatformtosavehim.Onseeinghim,anumberoffrightenedpeopleweregreatlyencouragedandtheirspirits_____31_____.Someevenapplaudedhim.Asmorepassengerswerepulledfromthe_____32_____,Yuinstructedothersinthekeystepstosaveavictimfromdrowning.He_____33_____CPR,orfirstaid,tothoseinlow-temperatureshockfromthecoldwaterandneardeathfromdrowning.Oneofthepassengers,afemaledoctor,nearlydied.After_____34_____consciousnessandstrength,shejoinedYuintreatingothers.Yuwas_____35_____andneededallhisconcentrationtoperformanotherCPRprocedure.Thatnightonasubwaystationplatform,he_____36_____anexhaustingsixhoursgivingCPRtopassengerswho_____37_____surviveddrowning.Healsotreatedtheinjured.He_____38_____thesubwaystationataboutmidnight,withthewhitecoatspottedwithbloodand_____39_____.Threehourslater,hemethisfather.Withtearsineyes,hisfatherandpeople_____40_____smiledandgavehimthethumbs-up.21.A.saw B.prevented C.kept D.saved22.A.record B.height C.point D.depth23.A.pushed B.made C.burst D.pulled24.A.rising B.falling C.reaching D.disappearing25.A.uncertain B.unfortunate C.unusual D.unable26.A.foolish B.unique C.considerate D.desperate27.A.excitement B.fears C.adaptation D.deaths28.A.managed B.failed C.intended D.hesitated29.A.triedon B.goton C.puton D.lookedon30.A.later B.further C.earlier D.former31.A.gained B.lifted C.sank D.ran32.A.platform B.air C.boat D.water33.A.stopped B.continued C.explained D.refused34.A.regaining B.refreshing C.reminding D.replacing35.A.bored B.heartbroken C.energetic D.exhausted36.A.wasted B.needed C.obtained D.spent37.A.only B.obviously C.narrowly D.never38.A.left B.approached C.crossed D.rescued39.A.sweat B.medicine C.mud D.tears40.A.ontheair B.onthespot C.onholiday D.onboard【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.C25.A26.C27.B28.A29.C30.C31.B32.D33.B34.A35.D36.D37.C38.A39.C40.B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述于逸飛，一名鄭州人民醫(yī)院的實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生,在鄭州7月20號(hào)特大暴雨中拯救被大雨圍困在地鐵上的人的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)傾盆大雨襲擊這個(gè)城市的時(shí)候，他拯救了大約十幾個(gè)被困在洪水淹沒(méi)的地鐵列車(chē)中的人，因?yàn)猷嵵莸慕涤炅吭谙挛?點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)之間達(dá)到了201.9毫米，這在鄭州歷史上是一個(gè)全新的記錄。A.saw看見(jiàn)；B.prevented預(yù)防；C.kept保持；D.saved拯救。根據(jù)最后一段“Thatnightonasubwaystationplatform,he________anexhaustingsixhoursgivingCPRtopassengerswho________surviveddrowning.(那天晚上，在地鐵的站臺(tái)上，他花了六個(gè)小時(shí)給那些差一點(diǎn)被淹死的乘客做心肺復(fù)蘇)”可知，他拯救了十幾個(gè)人的生命。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)傾盆大雨襲擊這個(gè)城市的時(shí)候，他拯救了大約十幾個(gè)被困在洪水淹沒(méi)的地鐵列車(chē)中的人，因?yàn)猷嵵莸慕涤炅吭谙挛?點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)之間達(dá)到了201.9毫米，這在鄭州歷史上是一個(gè)全新的記錄。A.record記錄；B.height高度；C.point點(diǎn)；D.depth深度。根據(jù)空格前后可知，這是鄭州歷史上的最新記錄。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：洪水沖破了護(hù)欄進(jìn)入了地鐵。A.pushed推；B.made制造，做；C.burst使炸開(kāi)，使破裂；D.pulled拉。根據(jù)空格前后可知，此處指洪水沖破了護(hù)欄。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在水進(jìn)入車(chē)廂之前，地鐵突然停下，把乘客困在了車(chē)廂里。A.rising上升；B.falling跌落；C.reaching到達(dá)；D.disappearing消失。根據(jù)空格前后可知，在水進(jìn)入車(chē)廂之前地鐵停了。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不確定能不能離開(kāi)，擔(dān)心自己的生命安全，因此，于逸飛很貼心的給自己的父親打了一個(gè)電話。A.uncertain不確定；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.unusual不同尋常的；D.unable不能。根據(jù)上文“trappingpassengersinside”可知，于不確定自己能不能活著離開(kāi)。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不確定能不能離開(kāi)，擔(dān)心自己的生命安全，因此，于逸飛很貼心的給自己的父親打了一個(gè)電話。A.foolish愚蠢的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.considerate體貼的，考慮周全的；D.desperate拼命的，絕望的。根據(jù)上文可知，害怕自己不能活著走出去，所以跟貼心的給父親打了電話讓父母保重身體。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞義辨析。句意：隨著水繼續(xù)流進(jìn)車(chē)廂，乘客的恐懼不斷增加。A.excitement興奮；B.fears恐懼；C.adaptation適應(yīng)，改變；D.deaths死亡。根據(jù)上下文可知，水不斷流入車(chē)廂，人們的恐懼增加。故選B。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)罔F工作人員來(lái)讓他們撤離時(shí)，于逸飛設(shè)法出去了。A.managed設(shè)法；B.failed失??；C.intended打算；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)下文“Hequickly_______thewhitemedicalcoatgiventohimatthehospital________andreturnedtotheplatformtosavehim.(他很快穿上醫(yī)院之前給他的白大褂并返回站臺(tái)去救人)”可知，他設(shè)法出來(lái)了。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他很快穿上醫(yī)院之前給他的白大褂并返回站臺(tái)去救人。A.triedon試穿；B.goton上車(chē)；C.puton穿上；D.lookedon旁觀。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指他穿上白大褂。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他很快穿上醫(yī)院之前給他的白大褂并返回站臺(tái)去救人。A.later后來(lái)；B.further更進(jìn)一步地；C.earlier之前；D.former以前的。根據(jù)上文“OnJuly20,YuYifei,a26-year-oldmedicalintern(實(shí)習(xí)生)atPeople’sHospitalofZhengzhou,madehiswayhomeinasubwaytrainonLine5afterhisfirstday’straining.(7月20號(hào)的時(shí)候，于逸飛，一名鄭州人民醫(yī)院的實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生，在經(jīng)過(guò)第一天的培訓(xùn)后正坐5號(hào)地鐵回家)”可知，白大褂是醫(yī)院之前發(fā)給他的。故選C。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一看到他，很多害怕的人受到了鼓舞，并精神振奮。A.gained獲得；B.lifted提升；C.sank下沉；D.ran跑。根據(jù)上半句以及下文“Someevenapplaudedhim(有人甚至為他鼓掌)”可知，被困的人看到有醫(yī)生站出來(lái)，受到鼓舞精神振奮起來(lái)。liftone’sspirits表示“鼓舞士氣，振奮精神”。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)更多的乘客從水中被救出來(lái)時(shí)，于指導(dǎo)其他人如何拯救溺水者。A.platform站臺(tái)，月臺(tái)；B.air空氣；C.boat船；D.water水。根據(jù)上下文可知，乘客被困住水中，所以是從水中被救出。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他繼續(xù)給那些因冷水而低溫休克和溺水而瀕臨死亡的人做心肺復(fù)蘇或者急救。A.stopped停止；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.explained解釋?zhuān)籇.refused拒絕。根據(jù)后半句“thoseinlow-temperatureshockfromthecoldwaterandneardeathfromdrowning.”可知，于繼續(xù)救治那些處于極度危險(xiǎn)的人。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在恢復(fù)意識(shí)和力氣之后，她加入于逸飛一起治療其他人。A.regaining重新獲得；B.refreshing使精神抖擻；C.reminding提醒；D.replacing代替。根據(jù)空格后“consciousness”可知，這里指她重新恢復(fù)意思，所以是重新獲得。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：于逸飛很疲憊，需要把所有的注意力都放在做心肺復(fù)蘇上。A.bored厭煩；B.heartbroken心碎；C.energetic精力充沛；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)空格后“andneededallhisconcentration”可知，于逸飛很疲憊。故選D。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，在地鐵的站臺(tái)上，他花了六個(gè)小時(shí)給那些差一點(diǎn)被淹死的乘客做心肺復(fù)蘇。A.wasted浪費(fèi)；B.needed需要；C.obtained獲得；D.spent花費(fèi)。spendtimedoingsth.表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。根據(jù)空格后“anexhaustingsixhoursgivingCPR”以及句意可知，此處指他花了六個(gè)小時(shí)給那些差一點(diǎn)被淹死的乘客做心肺復(fù)蘇。故選D。【37題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，在地鐵的站臺(tái)上，他花了六個(gè)小時(shí)給那些差一點(diǎn)被淹死的乘客做心肺復(fù)蘇。A.only僅僅；B.obviously明顯地；C.narrowly勉強(qiáng)地；D.never從不，“narrowlysurviveddrowning”表示差一點(diǎn)被淹死。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞義辨析。句意：他晚上12點(diǎn)左右的時(shí)候才離開(kāi)車(chē)站，白大褂上沾滿了淤泥和血跡。A.left離開(kāi)；B.approached接近；C.crossed橫跨；D.rescued營(yíng)救。根據(jù)上下文可知，于逸飛一直在車(chē)站救人直到12點(diǎn)左右才離開(kāi)。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他晚上12點(diǎn)左右的時(shí)候才離開(kāi)車(chē)站，白大褂上沾滿了淤泥和血跡。A.sweat汗水；B.medicine藥品；C.mud淤泥；D.tears眼淚。根據(jù)上下文可知，他一直在救助從被水中救出來(lái)的人，所以衣服上都是淤泥和血跡。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：眼中含淚，他的父親和在場(chǎng)的人都微笑著向他豎起大拇指。A.ontheair廣播中；B.onthespot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，當(dāng)場(chǎng)；C.onholiday度假；D.onboard在車(chē)、飛機(jī)、船上。根據(jù)句意可知，是所有在場(chǎng)的人為他鼓掌。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)語(yǔ)法填空ThebeautifulLiRiverisoneofthe___41___(famous)touristdestinations,butthe___42___(grow)intourismhashadnegativeeffectsontheriver’swaterquality.Thisreportlooksattheproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthathavebeentakentodealwithit.WaterqualityintheLiRiverhadsuffered___43___(great)fromanincreasingvolumeoftourists,manyof___44___frequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.Manytourboatscontributed___45___theproblemtoo.Thelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellas___46___numberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.Tofeedmorepeople,morechemicals___47___(use)toincreasecropproduction.Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues,___48___(cause)adecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Finally,aseriesofurgentstepsweretaken___49___(restore)theriver’soriginalbeauty.It____50____(believe)thatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.【答案】41.mostfamous42.growth43.greatly44.whom45.to46.the47.wereused48.causing49.torestore50.isbelieved【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美麗的漓江是最著名的旅游目的地之一，但旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)漓江的水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。本文著眼于水污染問(wèn)題以及已采取的一些措施?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：美麗的漓江是最著名的旅游目的地之一，但旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)漓江的水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。結(jié)合空格前的“oneof”可知使用形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞短語(yǔ)touristdestinations。故填mostfamous。【42題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美麗的漓江是最著名的旅游目的地之一，但旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)漓江的水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。結(jié)合空格前的the，可知填入名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)，且為不可數(shù)名詞。故填growth?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：漓江的水質(zhì)受到越來(lái)越多游客的影響，其中許多人經(jīng)常向漓江扔垃圾。修飾謂語(yǔ)hadsuffered用副詞greatly。故填greatly?！?4題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：漓江的水質(zhì)受到越來(lái)越多游客的影響，其中許多人經(jīng)常向漓江扔垃圾?？崭裉幪钊攵ㄕZ(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，和空格前的of一起構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是tourists，在介詞of后作賓語(yǔ)，指人用whom。故填whom?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：許多旅游船也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。本句使用短語(yǔ)contributeto，意為“有助于，導(dǎo)致”。故填to?！?6題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谘杆僭黾?，工商企業(yè)數(shù)量也迅速增加。結(jié)合句意可知用thenumberof，意為“……的數(shù)量”。故填the?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：為了養(yǎng)活更多的人，使用了更多的化學(xué)品來(lái)增加作物產(chǎn)量。結(jié)合文章前后文，可知描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)morechemicals是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞使用were。故填wereused?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的水質(zhì)問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致魚(yú)類(lèi)種類(lèi)的數(shù)量。句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ledto且無(wú)連詞，空格處填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Thesechemicals和cause之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示順其自然的結(jié)果。故填causing。【49題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：最后，采取了一系列緊急措施來(lái)恢復(fù)河流的原始美。結(jié)合短語(yǔ)takestepstodosth.“采取措施做某事”，可知空格處填入動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填torestore?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：人們相信漓江的美麗將世世代代保存下來(lái)。句子陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，使用句型itisbelievedthat，意為“人們相信”，it和believe之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，it作形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)從句。故填isbelieved。第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)51.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。IremembertherewasatimewhenIgetsic