CFDCFD的CFD軟件有：Fluent、CFX、Phoenics、Star-CDFluent是美國公司軟件外，其它三個都是英國公司的產(chǎn)品。FLUENTFLUENT是目前國際上比較流行的CFD軟件包，在的市場占有率為環(huán)境分析、油氣消散/聚積、多相流、管道流動等等。Fluent的軟件設(shè)計基于CFD軟件群的思想，從用戶需求角度出發(fā)，針對各種復(fù)雜流動的物理現(xiàn)象，F(xiàn)LUENTFluent開發(fā)了適用于各個領(lǐng)域的流動模擬軟件，這些軟件能夠模擬流GAMBIT——的CFD前置處理器，F(xiàn)LUENT系列產(chǎn)品皆采用FLUENTGambit前處理軟件來建立幾何形狀及生成Fluent進ICEMCFDTecPlot進行后處理。Fluent5.4CFD求解器，針對非結(jié)構(gòu)性CFD軟件。可應(yīng)用的范圍有紊流、熱傳、化學(xué)反應(yīng)、混合、旋shocks處的格點調(diào)FidapCFD求解CFD領(lǐng)域的軟件，其應(yīng)用的FIDAP本身含有完整的前后處理系統(tǒng)及流場數(shù)值分析系統(tǒng)。對問題整個研究的程序，數(shù)據(jù)輸入與輸出的協(xié)調(diào)及應(yīng)用均極有效率。Polyflow——針對粘彈性流動的CFD求解器，CFD軟件，主要應(yīng)用于塑料射出成形Mixsim——針對攪拌混合問題的CFD軟件，是一個專業(yè)化的前處理器，可建立攪拌槽及混合槽狀、折流板之配置，葉輪的型式等等。MixSim3維網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并啟動FLUENT做后續(xù)的模擬分析。Icepak——的熱控分析CFDCFD分CFXCFXAEA可壓縮/弱可壓縮/可壓縮流體，浮力流，多相流，非流體，化學(xué)LineStone和BlockStone如計算氣缸中活塞的運動和自由表面的運動?；瑒泳W(wǎng)格功能允許網(wǎng)井壁間流體的相互作用。CFX引進了各種公認的湍流模型。例如：k-ek-e模型，RNGk-e模型，代數(shù)雷諾應(yīng)力模型，微CFX的多相流模型可用于分散相的多相流模型和自由表面的流動模型。CFX-TASCflow在旋轉(zhuǎn)CFD計算方面具有很強的功能。它可用于不可壓縮流體，亞/臨、Launder模型等湍流模型，傳熱包括對流傳熱、固體導(dǎo)熱、表面對表面輻射，Gibb’s輻射模型，多孔介質(zhì)傳熱等?；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)模型包括旋/FlameletNOx和碳黑生成模型日模型、反應(yīng)顆粒模型和多組分流體、型。CFX-TurboGrid是一個用于快速生成旋轉(zhuǎn)機械CFD網(wǎng)格的交互式生成工具，很容易用來生成有效的和高質(zhì)量的網(wǎng)格。PHOENICSPhoenicsCHAM公司開發(fā)的模擬傳熱、流動、反應(yīng)、燃燒過CFD30多年的歷史。網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)包括：直角、圓柱、曲面（包括非正交和運動網(wǎng)格，但在其VR環(huán)境不可以、多重網(wǎng)格精密網(wǎng)格可以對三態(tài)或非穩(wěn)態(tài)的可壓縮流或不可壓縮流密度、溫度變化的影響。在流體模型上面，Phoenics22種適Re數(shù)場合的湍流模型，包括雷諾應(yīng)力模型、多流體湍流模k-e21個湍流模型，8個多相流模型，10多個差分格式。PhoenicsVR（虛擬現(xiàn)實）彩CFD軟件里前處理最方便的一個，可以直Pro/E建立的模型（STL格式VRVR的Phoenics1000多CHAMPDC鉆頭的流場分析。Phoenics的開放性很好，提供對軟件現(xiàn)有模型進行修改、增加新模型的功能和接口，可以用FORTRANCFDSTAR-CD的創(chuàng)PHOENICS的初學(xué)者在不需要深入了解該軟件PHOENICSPHOENICSQ1文FORTRAN語言更深入地編寫一些模塊。PHOENICS中的圖形處理模塊將計算結(jié)果按我們想要的形式進行格式轉(zhuǎn)換再用各種常用的圖象處理軟件處理，如TECPLOT，ORINGE，等。PHOENICS簡介（英文版）-正在此的詳細信息，請稍候·WhatPHOENICSdoes·TheStructureofPHOENICS·Howtheproblemisdefined·HowPHOENICSmakesthepredictions·Howthe ·Hardware ·Customization ·LearningtousePHOENICS ·TheVirtual-RealityEATHGROUNDBuilt-DisviaVR ·PHOTON ·AUTOPLOT ·OtherInputandOutputFacilities·Progr bility· NTWhatPHOENICSdoesPHOENICS,operatedbyitsusers,blemdefinition,inwhichtheuserprescribesthesituationtobesimulatedandthequestionstowhichhewantstheanswers;2.simulation,bymeansofcomputation,ofwhatthelawsofscienceindicatewillPROBABLYtakeceintheprescribedcircumstances;3.presentationoftheresultsofthecomputation,bywayofgraphicaldisys,tablesofnumbers,andothermeans.PHOENICS,likemanybutnotallCFDcodes,hasadistinctsoftwaremoduleforeachfunction.Thissub-divisionallowsfunctions(1)and(3),say,tobeperformedontheuser'shomecomputer,whilethepower-hungryfunction(2)canbecarriedoutremoy.TheStructureofPHOENICS·PHOENICShasa‘netaryarrangement,withacentralcoreofsubroutinescalledEARTH,andSALITEprogram,whichacceptsinputsthroughtheVirtualReality(VR)interfaceorotherwise,whichcorrespondtoaparticularflowsimulation.·EARTHandSALITEareprograms.·SALITEisadata-preparationprogram;itwritesafilewhichEARTHreads.·PHOENICSusersworkmainlywithSALITE,buttheycanaccessEARTHalsoincontrolledways.·GROUNDistheEARTHsubroutinewhichusersaccesswhenincorporatingspecialfeaturesoftheirown.ThediagrambelowisaschematicofthethreemainfunctionsofPHOENICS,i.e.,1.Pre--problemdefinition2.Solver-simulation3.Post-processor-presentationofresultsHowtheproblemisProblemdefinitionnormallyinvolvesmakingstatementsspaces;·materials,iethermodynamic,transportandotherpropertiesofthefluidsandsolidsinvolved;·processes,forexample:-whetherthematerialsareinertorreactive;whetherturbulenceistobesimulatedandsobywhatmodel;whethertemperaturesaretobecomputedinbothfluidsmannerandfinenessofthesub-divisionofspaceandtime,iewhatiscalledthe"discretization";and·othernumerical(ienon-physical)parametersaffectingthespeed,accuracyandeconomyofthesimulation.SPECIALFEATURESofproblemdefinitionwhichdistinguishPHOENICSare:-·problemdefinitioncanbecarriedoutinaVARIETYofselectedbytheuseraccordingtohisexperienceorpreference;engineerswhouseCADpackagescanexportthecorrespondingfilesdirectlytoPHOENICS-VR(ieVirtualReality);VR,andotherinctiveinputproceduresofPHOENICS,createasarecorda"commandfile",calledQ1,whichexperiencedusersofPHOENICScanmodifybyediting,thussparingthemselvesthetedium(astheysometimesseeit)offurtherinctivesessions;·the"NT"featureofPHOENICSallowsthepropertylawsofnewmaterialstobedbythewritingofformulaeintothecommandfile;and·hundredsofquality-assuredcommandfilesaredwiththestandardPHOENICSsofwareinasetofeasilyaccessibleLIBRARIES,sothattheuserrarelyhastostartfromscratch.PHOENICShasindeeditsownhigh-levelinputlanguage,calledPIL,inwhichtheQ1filesarewritten.PILisadirectly-interpretedlanguage,requiringnocompilation;anditscapabilitiesinclude:directassignment,asin:NX=10;CARTES=F(iefalse);interrogation,asin:NX?;CARTES?whichprinttheirarithmeticcommands,asin:conditionalsettings,asin:IF(NX.EQ.10)THEN;CARTES=F;DOloops,asin:DOII=1,3MESG(Threecheers!HURRAH!ENDDOINCLUDEcommands,asin:INCL(fileLOADcommands,asin:L(librarycasenumerousotherfacilitiesforsettinggrids,boundaryandinitialconditions,materialproperties,outputneedsandotherdata.Sofarasisknown,PIListhemostpowerfulandflexibleinputlanguageeverdevisedforthesettingupofCFDproblems.HowPHOENICSmakesthePHOENICSsimulatestheprescribedphysicalphenomenaby:-·expressingtherelevantlawsofphysicsandchemistry,andthe"models"whichsupplementthem,intheformofequationslinkingthevaluesofpressure,temperature,concentration,etcwhichprevailatclusterslocating(whichconstitutethecomputationalgrid)sufficientlyclosetoeachothertorepresentadequaythecontinuityofactualobjectsandfluids;·solvingtheequationsbysystematic,itive,error-reductionmethods,theprogressofwhichismadevisibleonthescreen;·enablingthecomputationstobeinterrupted,andthecontrollingsettingstobemodified,astheuserdesires;·terminatingwhenthehavebeensufficentlyreduced.SPECIALFEATURESrelatingtohowPHOENICSmakesthepredictionsare:·PHOENICScanhandleaWIDERRANGEOFPHYSICALPROCESSES,andisequippedwithaMOREEXTENSIVEVARIETYOFPHYSICALMODELS,thananyitscompetitors.·Thewaysinwhichthesephysicalprocessesarerepresentedinthecomputerlanguage,Fortran,arevisibleandaccessibletousers,andNOThiddenasinmostothercodes.Therelevantcoding,calledGROUND,constitutesmorethanfiftypercentoftheEARTHmodule.·Thisopen-sourcecodingiswritteninawell-annotatedeasy-to-followmanner,inorderthatuserscan,iftheywish:ounderstand,odecidewhetherCHAM'sprovisionmeetstheirneeds,andoeithermodifyitoraddcodingoftheirown.·Foruserswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilitytodothis,CHAMhasprovidedtheNToption,whichreducestheuser'sdutiestoenteringtherequiredformulaeintothecommandfile.·UnlikethoseotherCFDcodeswhichcopewithgeometricalcomplexitybytheuseof"unstructuredgrids",PHOENICSretainsthecomputationaleconomyofthemore-orderly"STRUCTUREDGRIDS",whileutilising"MULTI-BLOCK","FINE-GRID-EMBEDDING"andPARSOL,ie"cut-techniquesforhandlinggeometriccomplexity.·ArelatedandfeatureistheMOVSOL,feature,whichmakesiteasy,economicalandaccuratetoallowcurvilinearsolidstomoverelativetoeachotheracrosscurvilineargrids.·PHOENICSpossessesauniqueEXPERTwhichautomaticallyoptimisesthenumericalparametersasthecomputationproceeds.·PHOENICSalsoemploysaneconomicalandunique-to-it"PARABOLIC"gridwhenflowisoftheverycommon"boundary-layer"character.·ThePHOENICSgridhaslentitselfparticularlywellto" POSITION",whichiswhatisneededforparallelcomputers.HowtheresultsaredisyedPHOENICScandisytheresultsofitsflowsimulationsinawidevarietyofforms.Ithasitsownstand-alonegraphicspackagecalledPHOTON;anditcanalsoexportresultstosuchthird-partypackagesasTECPLOT,AVS,andUniquetoPHOENICSisitsabilitytotaketheresultsofitsflowpredictionsbackintothesameVIRTUAL-REALITYenvironmentasisusedforsettinguptheproblematthestart.Thisfacilitatesunderstandingbytheuser;anditalsoaffordsameansofconveyingthesignificanceoftheflow-simulationoperationtointerestedbutnon-technical s,eg.high-levelmanagers.Ofcourse,numericalresultsarealsoprovided,intheRESULTfile.This,whentheappropriatecommandsintheQ1file,canprovideeithersparseorvoluminousinformation.TheVirtual-RealityInterfaceDatainputviatheVR-TheVirtual-Realityuserinterfaceassistsuserstosetupflow-simulationcalculations,withouthavingtolearnthePHOENICSInputLanguage.Inthisdata-inputmode,itiscalledtheVR-Editor.TheappearanceofVR-Editorthescreenisshownonthenextpanel.Itsufficesthereforetosayherethatobjectsofallkinds(blockages,inlets,outlets,sources,etc)canbebroughtinbyappropriatemouse-clicks,andthengivensuchlocations,shapes,sizes,materialsandotherattributesasareneededtostarttheflow-simulatingcalculationPHOENICS簡介（英文版）-Thisisthetoppartofthe whichappearswhentheMain ispressed.Itenableswhole- settingstobemade.WhattheVirtual-RealityEditorTheVR-EditorrecordsthesettingsmadebytheuserduringhiseditingsessioninanASCIIfileknownasQ1.Thisfilecanberead,understood(iftheuserknowssomethingofPIL,thePHOENICSInputLanguage)andedited.Usually,however,itwillsimplybestoredforlateruse.Inanycase,theflow-simulationcanbeginimmediay,iftheuserwishes,becausetwootherfileswillalsohavebeenautomaticallywritten,oneofwhich(FACETDAT)conveysthenecessarygeometricalinformation,whiletheother(EARDAT)carrieseverythingelsethatthesolvermoduleneedstoknow.TheswitchingfromtheVR-Editortothesolver,andforthatmattertoanyotherPHOENICSmodule,isrenderedparticularlyeasybythepull-saccessiblefromthetopbaroftheVR-EditorPHOENICS簡介（英文版）-Theotheruser-accessiblesourcesubroutinesareGROUND,GREXn(i.e.,GROUNDexample,numbern)andothersofthesamekind.EARTHcontainssequencesfor:·storageallocation·formulationfinite-volumeequations·itivesolutionoffinite-volumeequations·callingGROUNDwhenrequired·terminationofitionoutputGROUNDGROUNDisasubroutinewhichiscalledbyEARTHatpre-setpointsofthesolutioncycle.IftheuserinsertsappropriateFORTRANstatementsattheentrypointsinGROUND,EARTHabsorbstheseintothesolutionprocess.SpecialcommunicationsubroutinesallowtheusertoextractinformationfromEARTH,manipulateitinGROUNDandthenreturnnewinformationorinstructionstoEARTH.Many"service"sub-routinesareattached,performingcommonly-neededarithmeticoperations.Thesegreatlyreducetheuser'sneedtowriteFORTRAN-codingsequences.Built-InFeaturesOfConservationprinciplesPHOENICSsetsupandsolvesfinite-equivalentsofthebasicdifferentialequations.Itthusembodiesthelawsofconservationofmass,momentumandenergy,foreitheroneortwophases.More-than-2-phaseflowscanalsorepresentedinanumberofAnypropertyobeyingabalanceequationcanberepresented,including·speciesconcentration,·turbulenceenergy,·vorticityanditsfluctuations·radiationfluxes,·electricpotential,etc.SolutionproceduresPHOENICScontainssolversforsetsoflinearsimultaneousequations.Optionsinclude:·point-by-point,·slab-wise,and3D-field.Thecoupledhydrodynamicequationsaresolvedbytheso-calledSIMPLESTprocedure.Fortwo-phaseflows,theIPSAversionofthisisused.DetailsoftheseproceduresaregiveninthepublishedCFDliture.HandlingspecialrequirementsEARTHcanhandleproblemswhichare:·steadyorunsteady,·parabolicorelliptic,and·0D,1D,2D3D.EARTHacceptsgrid-definition,material-property,initial-valueboundary-conditioninformationtransmittedfromthesaEARTHturnstoGROUND(orGREXn.etc.)forfurtherdatasettings,whensoinstructed.EARTHarrangesforprint-outofrequiredoutput,andalsoofwarnings,diagnostics,etc.Whatisnotbuilt-inTurbulence-model,chemical-kinetic,interphase-transport,radiation-fluxandothercodingsequencesareattached,throughGROUND,totheoutsideofEARTH.Theycanthereforebeinspected,modifiedorrecedbythePHOENICSThebuilt-insolverscanalsobeinspected,modifiedandreced,shouldtheuserdesire.EARTHisthusa"glassbox"nota"blackDisyviaTheVirtual-RealityInterfaceofPHOENICScanalsooperateasaresults-disydevice.ItisthencalledtheVR-Viewer.ThemainadvantageofVR-ViewerovertheolderPHOTONprogramistheeasewithwhichitenablesuserstoviewstreamlines,vectors,iso-andcontourHowever,itdoesnotyetpossess,asPHOTONdoes,acommandlanguageinwhich"macros"canbewrittenfortherepetitionoffrequently-requiredAfurther-driveninctiveprogram,calledPHOTON,cancreatefromPHOENICSoutput:·grids,andgridoutlines·contourplots,instreamlines,vectorplots,foreitherofthetwophases·surfaceplots·magnifiedviewspartsofthefield·arbitrarilychosenview-pointsinmultiplewindowsAUTOPLOTisthesecondmemberofthePHOENICSgraphicsfamily.Itisacommand-drivenwhichcan:·plotx-ygraphsfromanycombinationofPHOENICSoutputfiles,anduser-ddatafiles.ThisallowsforeasycomparisonofPHOENICSsolutionswithexperimentaloryticaldata.·manipulatethedatainanumberofways,suchasaddingorsubtractingconstants,multiplyingordividingbyconstants,raisingpowers,takinglogsandantilogs,andmanymore.·Thedatacanbepresentedinanumberoflinestyles.ATypicalAUTOPLOTPictureOtherInputandOutputFacilitiesManymoreinputandoutputfeaturesofPHOENICScanbeoperatedfromthesalite.Usersforwhomthebuilt-infacilitiesdonotsufficemayintroducetheirGROUND-locatedsequencesforproblem-specificinput,outputsourceterms,boundaryconditionsorphysicalpropertiesareswitchedonbysettingspecialflagsinthesalite.AnexemryGROUND,subroutineGREXn,containsmanyfrequently-usedsettings.Whenthesedonotsuffice,thetaskofcreatingnewonesislightenedbyprovisionofnumerousauxiliarysub-routines,intowhichusersneedmerelytosupplythearguments.ProgrPHOENICSisdesignedtoservetwokindsofuser:thosewhowishtoperformflowsimulationsofstandardkinds,withstandardfluids,andbystandardmethods;andthosewhoseneedsorintentionsnecessitatetheaddition,inuser-accessiblesubroutines,ofspecialFORTRAN-Forusersofthesecondkind,theso-calledGROUNDsubroutinesaredaspartoftheEARTHmodule.ThePHOENICSEncyclopaediacontainsfullinformationabouthowtheseareaccessed,inspected,modifiedandaugmented.ThedescriptionexinshowPHOENICSstoresitsdatainmemory,intheso-calledF-array;anditdoessoinsuchdetailthatitispossibleforthediligentenquirertointervenenotonlyinthephysicalmodellingbutalsointhenumerical-solutionprocedure.TheaccesstoGROUNDcodingalsoallowstheintroductionofcallstonon-PHOENICSsoftwaremodulesordata-bases,andtheprovisionofspecialprint-outsequences.FortheconvenienceoftheuserwhowishestocreateFortrancodingofhisown,PHOENICSisequippedwithmany"utility"subroutines;theseperformthe monly-requiredarithmetic,algebraicandprint-outoperations,sothatitisrarelynecessaryfortheusertodomorethanassigntheargumentsandcallthefunctions.Theuseofthesefacilitiesisamplyillustratedintheexemrysubroutineswhichconstitutethebuilt-inmodellingfeaturesofPHOENICS.ExamplesarealsotobefoundinthepagesofthePHOENICSJournal.Forthoseuserswhowantthebenefitsoftheprogr bilityofPHOENICSbutaretoouncertainoftheirFortranskillstoobtaindirectly,theNTfeature,describedinthenextsection,providesthemwithwhattheyneed.Whatis?NTisanintegralpartofthePHOENICSSALITEwhichpermitsuserstoceintheirQ1filesformulaeforwhichtheremaynotbeanyexistingcounterpartinEARTHorGROUND.NTthenconvertstheseformulaeintoerror-Fortrancodingwhichis"nted"intotheGROUNDsub-routineattherightce;thereaftercompilation,re-linkingandexecutiontakeceautomatically.Inthisway,NTrelievestheuserofthetasksof:·writingthecingitcorrectlyinGROUND;·compiling;·re-linking;·initiatingtheEARTHrun.AlltheuserneedstolearnisafewsimplerulesabouttheformattobeusedforwritingtheformulaeintheQ1file.HowtolearnaboutAconvenientwaytolearnaboutNTistoinspecttheexamplesintheappropriatesectionofthePHOENICSinput-filelibrary.Itisdividedintosectionsdealing,amongothertopics,with:·Non-linearcorrelations*Inter-phase-transportlaw·FieldinitialisationsSources·Print-outpreparations*Validationtests·Consistencytests*Conjugateheattransfer ·Two-phaseflows*Naturalandmixed ·Chemical-reactive cases·Environmentalstudies*Numericaltechniques·Non-linearflows*Flamepropagation·Ventslinkedtoheatdetectors*Stress-in-solidsexamples·Grids,fixedandadaptive*Multi-fluidturbulenceWhyNTisusefulTheadvantagesofthe NTfacilityarenumerous.Theyinclude:-·Theformulaecanbecreatedormodifiedmoreswiftly,readmoreeasiliy,andstoredmorecompactly,intheQ1filethanintheGROUNDFortran.·The bilityofPHOENICScanthereforebeexploitedeasilybyswhohavenoknowledgeofFortranprogramming,andwhohavenotlearnedhowtocompiletheresultingcodingandtore-buildexecutables.·Thoseuserswhodopossesstheknowledgeandexperienceofcoding,compiling,linking,etc,canneverthelesssavethemselvesmuchtimebyusing NT.·Thefollowingdiagramshowshow,beforeNT,theuserhadtoperformTWOoperationstointroducenewcodingintoPro/EPHOENICSPro/EPhoenics的具體步驟如下：1.Pro/E零件實體圖或裝配實體圖存成STL文件格式。Pro/E中的步驟為：(1).File-Export-Model,STLPhoenics統(tǒng)一。2.Phoenics中調(diào)入STL文件在Object中的CADinterface一欄選STLfile,調(diào)入剛存的Pro/EDominPHOENICSTurbulencemodelsavailableinPHOENICS1.CONSTANT-EFFECTIVE-Turbulentviscosityisconstant2.LVEL-Generalisedlength-scalemodel3.MIXLEN-Mixing-lengthmodel4.KLMODL-One-equation.k-lmodel5.KEMODL-Classicaltwo-equationhighReynoldsnumber.k-emodel6.KECHEN-Chen-Kimtwo-equation.k-emodel7.KERNGRNG-derivedtwo-equation.k-emodel8.-Saffman-Spaldingtwo-equation.k-vorticitymodel10.KEMODL-Yapcorrection12.KEMODL-LOWRE-YAPLowReynoldsk-ewithYapcorrection13.KECHEN-LOWRELowReynoldsChen-KimmodelTurbulencemodelsavailableinPHOENICS(2)14.KOMODL-LOWRELowReynoldsKolmogorov-WilcoxmodelKEMODL-2LTwolayerk-emodel16.TSKEMO-Twoscalek-e17.REYSTRS-Reynoldsstressmodel18.SGSMOD-Smagorinskysub-gridscalemodel19.MIXLEN-RICEMixing-lengthmodelforbubble-columnreactors20.2FLUID-Two-fluidmodel21.MFLUID-Multi-fluid LVELandMFMareuniquetoPHOENICS.The"Multi-FluidModel"(MFM)isespeciallyusefulforsimulatingbustionprocesses.PHOENICSChemical-reactionprocessesinPHOENICSPHOENICShasbeenusedforsimulatingprocessesinvolvingchemical-reactionprocesses,andespeciallythoseinvolvingcombustion.canhandlethecombustionofgaseous,liquidandsolidfuels.PHOENICSsimulateschemicalreactionsby:1.SCRS,SimpleChemicallyReactingSystem,builtintouser-accessibleFortrancoding;2.CREK,asetofuser-callablesubroutineshandletheequilibriumchemicalkineticsofcomplexchemicalreactions;3.CHEMKIN,thepubliccodetowhichPHOENICShasaninterface;NT,whichcanintroducenewreactionPHOENICSRadiationmodelsavailableinPHOENICS6-FluxRadiosityImmersolofwhichuniquetoPHOENICSisIMMERSOLandisespeciallyconvenientwhenradiatingsurfacesaresonumerous,andvariouslyarranged,thattheuseoftheview-factor-typemodelisimpracticablyexpensivePHOENICSTheavailableCombustionModelsina.3GASES:SCRS,mixingcontrolledorkineticallycontrolledb.7GASES:ExtendedSCRSc.Wood:Woodcombustionmodeld.Coal:Coalcombustionmodele.Oil:Oilcombustionmodelf.Chemkin:InterfacetoSandiaLabsCHEMKINprogramPHOENICSMulti-phaseflowin1.IPSAFull-solvingthefullmomentumequationsfortwophases,allowingforinter-phaseheatandmasstransfer.2.IPSAEqualvel-assumingthatthevelocitiesofthetwophasesarealwaysequal,butallowsinter-phaseheatandmasstransfer.3.AlgebraicSlip-solvingreducedequationsforseveraldispersedphasesinacarrierwithoutinter-phaseandmassBody-fittinginPHOENICSPHOENICScanuseanyoneofthreetypesofcoordinatesystemtodescribethespaceinwhichitperformsitscomputations:CartesianCylindrical-polarBFC。PHOENICSpossessesitsownbuilt-inmeansofgeneratingBFCgridsanditcanalsoacceptgridscreatedbyspecialistpackagesPHOENICShasacapabilitycalledPARSOL,thetechniquetoimprovethesimulationaccuracyforsituationsinwhichafluid/solidboundaryintersectssomeofthecellsofacartesianorpolarcoordinategridobliquelywhichallowsflowsaroundcurvedbodiestobecomputedoncartesiangrids,andthesolutionsareoftenjustasaccurateasthosecomputedonPHOENICSFine-gridembeddinginFine-gridembedding(FGEM),whencombinedwiththePARSOL(i.epartial-solid)technique,makestheuseofBFCless-oftenneeded.Thecreationoffine-gridregionsisparticularlyeasynowthatitcanbeeffectedbywayoftheVRinterface.PHOENICSSteadyAfter-burnerforanincineratorTyre-incinerationfurnaceMethane/aircombustionTurbulentdiffusionflameConfinedturbulentdiffusionflameTurbulentBunsenburner;fourteen-fluidmodelGas-turbineConfinedturbulentdiffusionNOxNOx&radiationin2DgasPHOENICS的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域PHOENICSisextensivelyusedin:Aerospace（航空航天）Automotive（汽車）ChemicalProcess（化工過程）Combustion（燃燒）Electronics（電子）Marine（航海）Metallurgical（冶金）Nuclear（核反應(yīng)堆）Petroleum（石油）Power（電力，包括燃煤鍋爐Water（水利Bio-medical（生物制藥Environmental（環(huán)保，包括污染物的擴散）ShipHydrodynamics（艦船的水動力）Architectureandbuilding（建筑行業(yè)）PHOENICSFLAIR用于HVAC（暖通建筑行業(yè)；HOTBOX用于電子元件散熱；COFFUS用于工業(yè)鍋爐煤燃燒；EXPLOIT用于燃另外PHOENICS3.4中新增了VR菜單的stepbystep，對用VR作前處理很有用.PHOENICS求關(guān)于Q13.3版本.在這個版本下,Q1VEEDITOR界格式的文件.請教各位大俠,怎么來編輯Q1文件呢?謝謝!ｍｏｉｔｏｉ，你好！謝謝你的答復(fù)！具體來說我的問題是這樣，VREDITORQ1文件，但是我打開調(diào)入PHOENICS.是要用一個相應(yīng)令嗎？謝謝！Q1file-openfileforediting-q1打開q1運行run-earth,phoenicsq1了。只是自己的一點體那位高手熟知GROUND中的GROUP19（計算希望能指點一下，他如何在計算過程中。在q1用兵usegrnd=T,就可調(diào)用，ground.ground19的編程見手冊200b.191192193IZ194行條迭代步195完成條迭代步196完成sweep197完成時間步fortranandPIL編制ground(主要利用函數(shù)調(diào)用，及數(shù)組運算等）earth.exe,在新的earth.exe(private)運行q1 nt在Q1文件中寫入PIL或命令, nt自動將fortran代碼寫入ground中,編譯連接后執(zhí)行,功能非常多,看具體做什么Theindependentvariablesoftheproblemarethethreecomponentsofcartesiancoordinatesystem.Themaindependent(solvedfor)variablesare:·Threevelocitycomponentsofgasflow,U1,V1andW1velocitycomponentsofparticulateflow,U2,V2andW2·Pressure,P1.·Volumefractionsofgasandparticulatephases,R1andR2·"Shadow"volumefraction,RS·Kineticenergyofgasturbulence,KE,and·itsdissipationrate,EP·Specificgasenthalpy,H1·Specificparticleenthalpy,H2·radiation,CRAD·Massfractionofoxygen,YO2.·Massfractionofvolatiles,YCH4·Massfractionofcarbonmonoxide,YCO·Massfractionofcarbondioxide,YCO2·Massfractionofwatervapour,YH2O·MassfractionofMassMassCOL2·Massfractionofchar,CHA2·Massfractionofwater,WAT2Themainauxiliaryvariablesare:·Interphasemasstransfer,CMDOT·Densitiesofgas,RHO1,andparticles,RHO2·Specificheatsofgas,CP1,andparticles,CP2·Temperaturesofgas,T1,andparticles,T2·Massfractionsofnitrogen,YN2·Massfractionsofash,ASH2·Particlediameter,SIZE·ParticleReynoldsnumber,REYN·Volumetricinterphaseheattransfercoefficient,HCOFPHOENICS程序是世界著名的計算流體與計算傳熱學(xué)(CFD/NHT)軟件，它是英國學(xué)會D.B.SPALDING教授及40多位博士20多年心血的典范之作。PHOENICS已廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、船舶、汽車、PHOENICS199510PHOENICS程序，經(jīng)過這PHOENICS發(fā)揮，為了對PHOENICS程序進行較為深入地應(yīng)用開發(fā)，讓其發(fā)揮PHOENICS是Parbolic,HyperbolicorEllicpicNumerical關(guān)現(xiàn)象。程序有前處理、求解器、后處理模塊構(gòu)成PHOENICS程序ANSIFORTRAAN77語言，與機器無關(guān)，程序總共大約110,000條語句，2000個子程序。1981198719891991199219931994199619971998PHOENICS可以求解的各類問題包括:明問題，本文僅以直角坐標(biāo)下二維不可壓紊流運動為例說明PHOENICS程序所求解的控制方程組及其計算方法。等粘度流體的不可壓平均N-S方程組為:r(uj)=-+(u(r) r為雷諾應(yīng)力項，在方程中它是未知項，它有自己的表達式，N-Sk-e湍流模型。常用的湍流模型都是建立在渦粘性概念的基礎(chǔ)上，r r(uj)=-+((m+mt)( 其中 ce在大雷諾數(shù)流動情況下，k,eK方程和湍e方程確定。K:em/sk em/se -c2e2/k(3-ce、c1、c2、sk、seK:ujem/sk e:ujem/se -c2e rMx:rMy:r r r r=+S 中G=mt+m，eG=mt/se等。 : :S=mt[G]- : 令Jx=ruf- PHOENICS3-1為X-Y平面上的網(wǎng)格 nWw S?圖中P表示中心節(jié)點，NSWE為該節(jié)點周圍最近的四個節(jié)點。 Je、Jw、Jn和JsJee上的依此類推，S Fe、Fw、FnFserue上的值，我們就可以導(dǎo)出 函數(shù)A(|P|)采用混合推薦的:S 分別在三套不同網(wǎng)格上的網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)，u控制容積與主控制容積之間xv控制容積與主控制容積之間在y方向上有半個步長的錯位。F3.1.2節(jié)所述相同。ue的控制容積的東、西界面上壓力是各自均勻的，分別為pE、ppue的離散方程具有以下形式:vn的控制容積作積分可得:據(jù)pPHOENICSSIMPLESTSIMPLE相cnbdnb之和，ue的動量方程為: 由此可見當(dāng)擴散而不計時動量方程實際上采用Jacobi的點迭SIMPLE基本相同。PHOENICS求解時可采用點迭代、線迭代、面迭代等方法迭代求解。3-2PHOENICS采用全場求解方法時的計算步驟:DOISITEP=1,DOISWEEP=1,LSWEEPDOIZ=1,NZApplyprevioussweep’spressurevelocityDOIC=SolvescalarsinKE,EP,H1,C1, SolvevelocitiesinorderV1,U1,W1ConstructandstorepressurecorrectionsourcesandcoefficientsSolveandstorepressurecorrectionswholefield3-PHOENICS程序的控制方程及計算方法進行了簡單的介PHOENICS程序求解問題的大概方法。PHOENICS程序PHOENICS一般理論基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合PHOENICS程序附有完整的幫助查閱PHOENICS及報告。泛運用。該方法將求解域劃分為差分網(wǎng)格，用有限個網(wǎng)格節(jié)點代替Taylor中的導(dǎo)數(shù)用網(wǎng)格節(jié)點上的函數(shù)值的差商代替進行離散，從而建立以題變?yōu)榇鷶?shù)問題的近似數(shù)值解法，數(shù)學(xué)概念直觀，表達簡單，是發(fā)展較早且比較成數(shù)值方法。對于有限差分格式，從格式的精度來劃分，有一階格式、二階格式和高階格式。從差分的空間形格式還可以分為顯格式、隱格式、顯隱交替格式等。目前常見的差分格式，主要是上述幾種形式的組合，不同的組合構(gòu)成不同的差分格式。差分方法主要適用于有結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格，網(wǎng)格的步長一般根據(jù)實際地形的情況和穩(wěn)定條件來決定。構(gòu)造差分的方法有多種形式，目前主要采用的是級數(shù)展開方法。其基本的差分表達式主中心差分等，其中前兩種格式為一階計算精度，后兩種格式為二階計算精度。通過對時間和空間這幾種不同差分格式的組合，可以組合成不同的差分計算格式。有限元方法的基礎(chǔ)是變分原理和加權(quán)余量法，其基本求解思想是把計算域劃分為有限個互不的單微分方程中的變量改寫成由各變量或其導(dǎo)數(shù)的節(jié)點值與所選用的插值函數(shù)組成的線性表達式，借助于變分原理或余量法，將微分方程離散求解。采用不同的權(quán)函數(shù)和插值函數(shù)形式，便構(gòu)成不同的有限元方法有限元方法最早應(yīng)用于結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)，后來隨著計算機的發(fā)展慢慢用于流體力學(xué)的數(shù)值模擬。在有限元方法中，把計算域離散剖分為有限個互不且相互連接的單元，在每個單元內(nèi)選擇基總體的基函數(shù)可以看為由每個單元基函數(shù)組成的，則整個計算域內(nèi)的解可以看作是由所有單元上的近似解構(gòu)成。在河道數(shù)值模擬中，常見的有限元計算方法是由變分法和余量法發(fā)展而來的里茲法和伽遼金法最小二乘法等根據(jù)所采用的權(quán)函數(shù)和插值函數(shù)的不同，矩量法、最小二乘法和伽遼金法，從計算單元網(wǎng)格的形狀來劃分，有三角形網(wǎng)格、四邊形網(wǎng)格和多邊形網(wǎng)格，從插值函數(shù)的精度來劃分，又分為線性插值函數(shù)和高次插值函數(shù)等。不同的組合同樣構(gòu)成 函數(shù)取為近函數(shù)中的基函數(shù)最小二乘法是令權(quán)函數(shù)等于余量本身而內(nèi)積的極小值則為對代求系數(shù)的平方誤差最小在配置法中，先在計算域內(nèi)選取N個配置點。令近似解在選定的N個配置點上嚴格滿足微分方程，即在配置點上令方程余量為0。 乘積表示，但最常用的多項式插值函數(shù)。有限元插值函數(shù)分為兩大類，一類只要求插值多項式本身在插值點取已知值，稱為日(Lagrange)多項式插值；另一種不僅要求插值多項式本身，還要求它的導(dǎo)數(shù)值在插值點取已知值，稱為哈密特(Hermite)多項式插值。單元坐標(biāo)有直角坐標(biāo)系和無因次自然坐標(biāo)，有對稱和不對稱等。常采用的無因次坐標(biāo)是一種局部坐標(biāo)系，它的定義取決于單元的幾何形狀，一維看作長度比，二維看作面積比，三維看作體積比。在二維有限元中，三角形單元應(yīng)用的最早，近來四邊形等參元的應(yīng)用Lagrange插值直角坐標(biāo)系中的線性插值函數(shù)及二階或更高階插對于有限元方法，其基本思路和解題步驟可歸納為(1)建立積分方初邊值問題等價的積分表達式，這是有限元法的出發(fā)點。(2)區(qū)域為若干相互連接、不的單元。區(qū)域單元劃分是采用有限元方法的前期準備工作，這部分工作量比較大，除了給計算單元和節(jié)點進行編號和確定相互之間的關(guān)系之外，還要表示節(jié)點的位置坐標(biāo)，同時還需要列出自然邊界和本質(zhì)邊界的節(jié)點序號和相應(yīng)的邊界值。(3)確定單元基函數(shù)，根據(jù)單元點數(shù)目及對近似解精度的要求，選擇滿足一定插值條件的插值函數(shù)作為單元基函數(shù)。有限元方法中的基函數(shù)是在單元中選取的，由于各單元具有規(guī)則的幾何形狀，在選取基函數(shù)時可遵循一定的法則。(4)單元分析：將各個單元中的求解函數(shù)用單元基函數(shù)的線性組合表達式進行近；再將近即單元中各節(jié)點的參數(shù)值的代數(shù)方程組，稱為單元有限元方程。(5)總體合成：在得出單元有限元方程之后，將區(qū)域中所有單(6)邊(狄對于本質(zhì)邊界條件和混合邊界條件，需按一定法則對總體有限元方 限元方程組，是含所有待定未知量的封閉方程組，采用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)值計算方法求解可求得各節(jié)點的函數(shù)值。有限體積（FiniteVolumeMethod）又稱為控制體積法。其基本思路是：將計算區(qū)域劃分為一解的微分方程對每一個控制體積積分，便得出一組離散方程。其中的未知數(shù)是網(wǎng)格點上的因變量的數(shù)值。為了求出控制體積的積分，必須假定值在網(wǎng)格點之間的變化規(guī)律，即假設(shè)值的分段的分布的分布剖面。從積分區(qū)域的看來，有限體積法屬于剩余法中的子區(qū)域法；從未知解的近似方法看來，有限體積法屬于采用局部近似的