lesson-5-雅思小作文-柱狀圖第一頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。柱狀圖BarChart柱形圖的功能：

1.通常用于顯示某一項(xiàng)目在某幾個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)變化特征。

2.比較幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目在某幾個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段內(nèi)的差異。

第二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。柱狀圖BarChart柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的特點(diǎn)：圖形顯示的比較清晰、直觀，并能同時(shí)對(duì)比各個(gè)項(xiàng)目在某特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)上的差異。但對(duì)于單個(gè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)說(shuō)，因各個(gè)時(shí)間段的變化不是連續(xù)的，所以不能反映出項(xiàng)目的變化的明顯差異及變化規(guī)律。形式多樣：從同一組項(xiàng)目中的柱子數(shù)量可分為單柱與多柱第三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。垂直與水平柱形圖,垂直直方圖(verticalhistogram).用長(zhǎng)條顯示數(shù)據(jù)的值,既可以展示數(shù)值變化,又可用與多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)之間的比較.但由于柱形圖反映的各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)之間沒(méi)有連接點(diǎn),因此在反映變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)上不如曲線圖有效.條形圖,水平直方圖

(horizontalhistogram).和柱形圖相似,僅是柱形圖的90度旋轉(zhuǎn).描述不同類(lèi)別之間的差別情況,突出數(shù)值的比較,而淡化某項(xiàng)數(shù)值變化.形式多樣：從柱子的方向，可為柱形圖和條形圖第四頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。柱狀圖BarChart單柱子Onlyoneitem寫(xiě)作思路：如果以時(shí)間為橫軸的話，就寫(xiě)變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)（寫(xiě)法同線形圖）第五頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。柱狀圖BarChart單柱子Onlyoneitem寫(xiě)作思路：如果是以組為橫軸，則進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比（寫(xiě)法同餅狀圖）。第六頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。柱狀圖BarChart多柱子Morethanoneitems寫(xiě)作思路：數(shù)據(jù)少比如每個(gè)組里就兩個(gè)柱子，可以全寫(xiě)；如果數(shù)據(jù)比較多，比如每個(gè)組里有五個(gè)柱子，那就取幾個(gè)最大或者最小的就行，也就是說(shuō)在比較的過(guò)程中想要拿到想要的結(jié)果就要找對(duì)比鮮明的那一對(duì)就對(duì)了。把對(duì)比最鮮明的幾個(gè)柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一帶而過(guò)。第七頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。描寫(xiě)柱狀圖的要點(diǎn)如何觀察圖表?首先要看清各個(gè)柱子所代表的項(xiàng)目及數(shù)值意義;找出最大和最小的數(shù)據(jù)，比較柱子與柱子之間的落差，突出落差的極值;數(shù)據(jù)分成幾組?表明趨勢(shì)或?qū)Ρ冉Y(jié)果1.數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象少且橫軸為時(shí)間軸時(shí),對(duì)不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)的同一信息進(jìn)行歷時(shí)比較;2.數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象很多時(shí),對(duì)多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)組進(jìn)行整體比較;如何比較?一個(gè)段落說(shuō)明一種比較內(nèi)容；比較要按一定的思路來(lái)組織,第八頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。思路1對(duì)不同數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,突出極值.

(同單線圖)第九頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。思路2(同多線圖)1.項(xiàng)目少,且時(shí)間界限明確時(shí),對(duì)不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)的同一信息進(jìn)行比較.(如有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)同一數(shù)據(jù)組內(nèi)部的差異)第十頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。思路32.數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象很多時(shí),先對(duì)多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)組進(jìn)行整體比較,然后強(qiáng)調(diào)同一項(xiàng)目數(shù)值變化及差異.Thegraphbelowshowsthefiguresforimprisonmentinfivecountriesbetween1930and1980.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.先整個(gè)比較五個(gè)國(guó)家的imprisonment；再分析某一個(gè)國(guó)家的不同年份的imprisonment的數(shù)值變動(dòng)。第十一頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。Sample1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.第十二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。思路：將柱狀圖當(dāng)成線形圖來(lái)寫(xiě)；連接極值，成四條線進(jìn)行分類(lèi)：增長(zhǎng)的car；減少的bus波動(dòng)的traintube第十三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatterns

incommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and2000.Theyhaddifferentchangesituations.thetaskYourwriting:Introductionsentenceandoverviewsentence第十四頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P2Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrosefromjustunder20%in1960toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in

2000.body:trains第十五頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P3Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,

falling

fromaround27%ofcommutersin1960

to22%in1980,butclimbingbackto

reach25%by2000.body:tube第十六頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P4Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadily

fromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by2000,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960

to27%

in1980andonly15%in2000.body:carandbus第十七頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P5Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-2000,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin2000.Yourwriting:conclusion第十八頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.Sample2第十九頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。第二十頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。第二十一頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。分組法低學(xué)歷（skilledvocationaldiploma）女低于男中學(xué)歷（undergraduatediploma,Bachelor’sdegree）女高于男，而且Bachelor’sdegree的兩者數(shù)值基本相等。高學(xué)歷（postgraduatediploma,master’sdegree）女低于男第二十二頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P1Thechartbelowshowsthedifferentlevelsofpost-schoolqualificationinAustraliaandtheproportionofmenandwomenwhoheldthemin1999.Thechartgivesinformationaboutpost-schoolqualificationsintermsofthedifferentlevelsoffurthereducationreachedbymenandwomeninAustraliain1999.thetaskYourwriting:Introductionsentence第二十三頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P2Fromthechart,wecanseeimmediatelythatthereweresubstantialdifferencesintheproportionofmenandwomenatdifferentlevels.Yourwriting:overviewsentence第二十四頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P3Thebiggestgenderdifferenceisatthelowestpost-schoollevel,where90%ofthosewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen.By

contrast,morewomenheldundergraduatediplomas(70%)andfewerwomenreacheddegreelevel(55%).Yourwriting:Lowerlevel第二十五頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P4Atthehigherlevelsofeducation,menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%,respectively),andalsoconstituted60%ofMaster’sgraduates.Yourwriting:Higherlevel=overtake/exceed/outweigh/morethan第二十六頁(yè)，共28頁(yè)。P5Thuswecanseethatmorementhanwomenholdqualifications