公路highway道路road公路工程highwayengineering公路網(wǎng)highwaynetwork公路網(wǎng)密度highwaydensity公路等級highwayclassification公路自然區(qū)劃climaticzoningforhighway公路用地highwayright-of-way高速公路freeway等級公路classifiedhighway輔導(dǎo)reliefroad干線公路arterialhighway支線公路feederhighway專用公路accomodationhighway國家干線公路(國道)nationaltrunkhighway省級干線公路(省道)provincialtrunkhighway縣公路(縣道)countyroad鄉(xiāng)公路(鄉(xiāng)道)townshiproad輻射式公路radialhighway環(huán)形公路ringhighway繞行公路bypass交通構(gòu)造trafficstructure交通構(gòu)成trafficcomposition混合交通mixedtraffic交通流trafficflow交通流理論trafficflowtheory車流vehiclestream交通密度trafficdensity車頭間距spaceheadway車頭時距timeheadway車間凈距vehiculargap延誤delay地點(diǎn)速度spotspeed行駛速度runningspeed運(yùn)行速度poeratingspeed臨界速度criticalspeed平均速度averagespeed計(jì)算行車速度(設(shè)計(jì)車速)designspeed交通量trafficvolume年平均日交通量annualaveragedailytraffic月平均日交通量monthlyaveragedailytraffic年第30位最大小時交通量thirtiethhighestannualhourlyvolume年最大小時交通量maximumannualhourly設(shè)計(jì)小時交通量designhourlyvolume通行能力trafficcapacity基本通行能力basictrafficcapacity也許通行能力possibletrafficcapacity設(shè)計(jì)通行能力designtrafficcapacity道路服務(wù)水平levelofservice公路交通規(guī)劃trafficplanning交通調(diào)查trafficsurvey交通量調(diào)查trafficvolumesurvey交通量觀測站trafficvolumeobservationstation起迄點(diǎn)調(diào)查(OD調(diào)查)origin-destinationstudy出行trip境內(nèi)交通localtraffic過境交通throughtraffic交通發(fā)生trafficgeneration交通分布trafficdistribution交通分派trafficassignment交通預(yù)測trafficprognosis行車道carriageway分離式行車道dividedcarriageway車道lane變速車道speed-changelane加速車道accelerationlane減速車道decelerationlane爬坡車道climbinglane停車道parkinglane錯車道turn-outlane自行車道cyclepath路側(cè)人行道sidewalk分隔帶laneseperator中央分隔帶mediandivider中間帶centralstrip路肩shoulder;verge路緣帶marginalstrip路緣石kerb;curb側(cè)向余寬lateralclearance路拱camber;crown路拱橫坡crownslope公路建筑限界clearanceofhighway公路路線highwayroute公路線形highwayalignment平面線形horizontalalignment縱面線形verticalalignment線形要素alignmentelements平曲線horizontalcurve極限最小平曲線半徑limitedminimumradiusofhorizontalcurve復(fù)曲線compoundcurve反向曲線reversecurve斷背曲線broken-backcurve回頭曲線switch-backcurve緩和曲線transitioncurve豎曲線verticalcurve彎道加寬curvewidening加寬緩和段transitionzoneofcurve超高superelevation超高緩和段superelevationrunoff縱坡longitudinalgradient最大縱坡maximumlongitudinalgradient最小縱坡minimumongitudinalgradient變坡點(diǎn)gradechangepoint平均縱坡averagegradiant坡長限制gradelengthlimitation高原縱坡拆減highlandgradecompensation緩和坡段transitiongradingzone合成坡度resultantgradent視距sightdistance停車視距non-passingsightdistance;stoppingsightdistance超車視距passingsightdistance道路交叉roadintersection;道口railroadgradecrossing平面交叉at-gradeintersection;gradecrossing正交叉right-angleintersection斜交叉skewintersection環(huán)形交叉rotaryintersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉Tintersection錯位交叉offsetintersection;staggeredjunctionY形交叉Yintersection立體交叉gradeseparation分離式立體交叉simplegradeseparation,separategradecrossing互通式立體交叉interchange首蓿葉形立體交叉fullcloverleafinterchange部分首蓿葉形立體交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立體交叉diamondinterchange定向式立體交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立體交叉three-leginterchange環(huán)形立體交叉rotaryinterchange匝道ramp交叉口roadcrossing;intersection交叉口進(jìn)口intersectionentrance交叉口出口intersectionexit加鋪轉(zhuǎn)角式交叉口intersectionwithwidenedcorners拓寬路口式交叉口flaredintersection分道轉(zhuǎn)彎式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交錯weaving交錯路段weavingsection合流converging分流diverging沖突點(diǎn)conflictpoint交通島trafficisland導(dǎo)流島channelizationisland中心島centralisland安全島refugeisland沿線設(shè)施roadsidefacilities交通安全設(shè)施trafficsafetydevice人行橫道crosswalk人形地道pedestrianunderpass人形天橋pedestrianovercrossing護(hù)欄guardfence防護(hù)柵guardfence,safetybarrier遮光柵anti-dizzlingscreen應(yīng)急emergencytelephone反光標(biāo)志reflectivesign反光路鈕reflectivebutton彎道反光鏡trafficmirror道路交通標(biāo)志roadtrafficsign警告標(biāo)志warningsign禁令標(biāo)志regulatorysign指示標(biāo)志guidesign指路標(biāo)志informationsign輔助標(biāo)志auxiliarysign可變信息標(biāo)志changeablemessagesign路面標(biāo)線pavementmarking防雪設(shè)施snowprotectionfacilities防沙設(shè)施sandsprotectionfacilities隔音墻acousticbarrier停車場parkingarea踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibilitystudy線形設(shè)計(jì)highwayalignmentdesign公路景觀設(shè)計(jì)highwaylandscapedesign選線routeselection路線控制點(diǎn)controlpoint定線location比較線alternativeline展線linedevelopment初測preliminarysurvey定測locationsurvey地貌topographiefcature地物culture地形topography臺地terrace埡口pass;saddleback平原區(qū)plainterrain微丘區(qū)rollingterrain重丘區(qū)hillyterrain山嶺區(qū)mountainousterrain沿溪線valleyline山脊線ridgeline山坡線hill-sideline越嶺線ridgecrossingline土方調(diào)配cut-filltransition土方調(diào)配圖cut-filltransitionprogram土方調(diào)配經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)距economicalhaulingdistance導(dǎo)線traverse導(dǎo)線測量traversesurvey中線centerline中線測量centerlinesurvey施工測量constructionsurvey竣工測量finalsurvey(路線)平面圖plan交點(diǎn)intersectionpoint虛交點(diǎn)imaginaryintersectionpoint轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)角intersectionangle方位角azimuthangle象限角bearing方向角directionangle切線長tangentlength曲線長curvelength外（矢）距externalsecant測站instrumentstation測點(diǎn)observationpoint中樁centerstake加樁additionalstake護(hù)樁referencestake斷鏈brokenchainage水準(zhǔn)測量levellingsurvey水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)benchmark絕對基面absolutedatum高程elevation地面高程groundelevation設(shè)計(jì)高程designedelevation(路線)縱斷面圖profile中樁填挖高度cutandfillatcenterstake地形測量topographicsurvey基線baseline地形圖topographicmap等高線contourline橫斷面測量cross-sectionalsurvey橫斷面圖cross-section坑探pittest鉆探boring攝影測量photogrammetry航空攝影測量aerialphotogrammetry地面立體攝影測量groundstereophotogrammetry地面控制點(diǎn)測量groundcontrol-pointsurvey航攝基線aerophotobase影像地圖photographicmap像片索引圖(鑲輯復(fù)照圖)photoindex航攝像片判讀aerophotointerpretation綜合法測圖planimatricphoto全能法測圖universalphoto微分法測圖differentialphoto像片鑲嵌圖photomosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路塹cutting半填半挖式路基partcut-partfillsubgrade臺口式路基benchedsubgrade路基寬度widthofsubgrade路基設(shè)計(jì)高程designelevationofsubgrade（路基）最小填土高度minimumheightoffill邊坡sideslope邊坡坡度gradeofsideslope（邊）坡頂topofslope（邊）坡腳toeofslope護(hù)坡道berm邊坡平臺plainstageofslope碎落臺bermatthefootofcuttingslope護(hù)坡slopeprotection擋土墻retainingwall重力式擋土墻gravityretainingwall橫重式擋土墻balanceweightretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻cantileverretainingwall扶壁式擋土墻counterfortretainingwall柱板式擋土墻column-plateretainingwall錨桿式擋土墻anchoredretainingwallbytierods錨碇板式擋土墻anchoredbulkheadretainingwall石籠rockfilledgabion拋石riprap路基排水subgradedrainage邊溝sideditch截水溝interceptingditch排水溝drainageditch急流槽chute跌水dropwater蒸發(fā)池evaporationpond盲溝blinddrain滲水井seepagewell透水路堤permeableembankment過水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrowearth棄土waste取土坑borrowpit棄土堆wastebank回填土back-filling黃土loess軟土softsoil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat鹽漬土saltysoil膨脹土expansivesoil凍土frozensoil流砂quicksand軟弱地基softground強(qiáng)夯法dynamicconsolidation預(yù)壓法preloadingmethod反壓護(hù)道loadingberm砂井sanddrain路基沙墊層sandmatofsubgrade壓實(shí)compaction壓實(shí)度degreeofcompaction(原則)最大干容重maximumdryunitweight相對密實(shí)度relativedensity毛細(xì)水capillarywater土石方爆破blastingcrater拋擲爆破blastingforthrowingrock爆破漏斗blastingcrater松動爆破blastingforlooseningrock爆破作用圈actingcirelesofblasting路面pavement彈性層狀體系理論elasticmultilayertheory(回彈)彎沉deflection加州承載比(CBR)Californiabearingratio(CBR)路面寬度widthofpavement路槽roadtrough剛性路面rigidpavement柔性路面flexiblepavement路面構(gòu)造層pavementstructurelayer面層surfacecourse磨耗層wearingcourse聯(lián)結(jié)層bindercourse基層basecourse墊層bedcourse隔水層aquitard隔溫層thermalinsulatingcourse封層sealcoat透層primecoat保護(hù)層protectioncourse補(bǔ)強(qiáng)層strengtheninglayer高級路面hightypepavement次高級路面sub-hightypepavement中級路面intermediatetypepavement低級路面lowtypepavement水泥混凝土路面cementconcretepavement瀝青路面bituminouspavement瀝青混凝土路面bituminousconcretepavement瀝青碎石路面bituminousmacadampavement瀝青貫入碎(礫)石路面bituminouspenetrationpavement瀝青表面處治bituminoussurfacetreatment塊料路面blockpavement石塊路面stoneblockpavement泥結(jié)碎石路面clay-boundmacadampavement水結(jié)碎石路面water-boundmacadampavement級配路面gradedaggregatepavement穩(wěn)定土基層stabilizedsoilbasecourse工業(yè)廢渣基層industrialwastebasecourse塊石基層telfordbase層鋪法spreadinginlayers拌和法mixingmethod廠拌法plantmixingmethod路拌法roadmixingmethod熱拌法hotmixingmethod冷拌法coldmixingmethod貫入法penetrationmethod鋪砌法pitchingmethod縮縫contractionjoint脹縫expansionjoint真縫truejoint假縫dummyjoint橫縫transversejoint縱縫longitudinaljoint施工縫constructionjoint傳力桿dowelbar拉桿tiebar路面平整度surfaceevenness路面粗糙度surfaceroughness路面摩擦系數(shù)frictioncoefficientofpavement附著力adhesiveforce水滑現(xiàn)象hydroplaningphenomenon橋梁bridge公路橋highwaybridge公鐵兩用橋highwayandrailtransitbridge人形橋pedestrianbridge跨線橋overpassbridge高架橋viaduct永久性橋permanentbridge半永久性橋semi-permanentbridge臨時性橋temporarybridge鋼筋混凝土橋reinforcedconcretebridge預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土橋prestressedconcretebridge鋼橋steelbridge圬工橋masonrybridge木橋timberbridge正交橋rightbridge斜交橋skewbridge彎橋curvedbridge坡橋bridgeonslope斜橋skewbridge正橋rightbridge上承式橋deckbridge中承式橋half-throughbridge下承式橋throughbridge梁橋beambridge簡支梁橋simplesupportedteambridge持續(xù)梁橋continuousbeambridge懸臂梁橋cantileverbeambridge聯(lián)合梁橋compositebeambridge板橋slabbridge拱橋archbridge雙曲拱橋two-waycurvedarchbridge空腹拱橋openspandrelarchbridge實(shí)腹拱橋filledspandrelarchbridge系桿拱橋bowstringarchbridge桁架橋trussbridge鋼構(gòu)橋rigidframebridgeT形鋼構(gòu)橋T-shapedrigidframebridge持續(xù)鋼構(gòu)橋continuousrigidframebridge斜腿鋼構(gòu)橋rigidframebridgewithinclinedlegs斜拉橋(斜張橋)cablestayedbridge懸索橋suspensionbridge漫水橋submersiblebridge浮橋pontoonbridge啟動橋movablebridge裝配式橋fabricatedbridge裝拆式鋼橋fabricatedsteelbridge涵洞culvert管涵pipeculvert拱涵archculvert箱涵boxculvert蓋板涵slabculvert無壓力式涵洞non-pressureculvert壓力式涵洞pressureculvert半壓力式涵洞partialpressureculvert倒虹吸涵siphonculvert上部構(gòu)造superstructure主梁mainbeam橫梁floorbeam縱梁longitudinalbeam,stringer掛梁suspendedbeam拱圈arch,ring拱上構(gòu)造spandrelstructure腹拱spandrelarch拱上側(cè)墻spandrelwall橋面系floorsystem,bridgedecking橋面鋪裝bridgedeckpavement伸縮縫expansionandcontractionjoint橋面伸縮裝置bridgefloorexpansionandcontractioninstallation安全帶afetybelt橋頭搭板transitionslabatbridgehead下部構(gòu)造substructure橋墩pier墩身pierbody墩帽coping蓋梁bentcap破冰體iceapron重力式橋墩gravitypier實(shí)體橋墩solidpier空心橋墩hollowpier柱式橋墩columnpier排架樁墩pilebentpier柔性墩flexiblepier制動墩brakingpier單向推力墩singledirectionthrustedpier橋臺abutment臺身abutmentbody前墻frontwall翼墻wingwalls臺帽coping錐坡conicalslope耳墻wingwallsU形橋臺U-shapedabutment八字形橋臺flarewingwallabutment一字形橋臺headwallabutment,straightabutment重力式橋臺gravityabutment埋置式橋臺buriedabutment扶壁式橋臺counterfortedabutment錨錠板式橋臺anchoredbulkheadabutment支撐式橋臺supportedtypeabutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidatedsubsoil天然地基naturalsubsoil基礎(chǔ)foundation擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)spreadfoundation沉井基礎(chǔ)opencaissionfoundation管柱基礎(chǔ)cylindricalshaftfoundation樁基礎(chǔ)pilepoundation樁pile預(yù)制樁precastpile就地灌注樁cast-in-placeconcretepile摩擦樁frictionpile支承樁bearingpile承臺bearingplatform支座bearing固定支座fixedbearing活動支座expansionbearing索塔cablebenttower索鞍cablesaddle調(diào)治構(gòu)造物regulatingstructure丁壩spurdike順壩longitudinaldam橋位bridgesite橋梁全長totallengthofbridge主橋mainbridge引橋approachspan跨徑span橋涵計(jì)算跨徑computedspan橋涵凈跨徑clearspan矢跨比risespanratio計(jì)算矢高calculatedriseofarch橋下凈空clearanceofspan橋面凈空clearanceabovebridgefloor橋梁建筑高度constructionheightofbridge荷載load永久荷載permanentload可變荷載variableload偶爾荷載accidentalload荷載組合loadingcombinations車輛荷載原則loadingstandardfordesignvchicle設(shè)計(jì)荷載designload施工荷載constructionload梁beam簡支梁simple-supportedbeam持續(xù)梁continuousbeam懸臂梁cantileverbeam板slab拱arch桁架truss剛構(gòu)rigidframe柱column強(qiáng)度strength剛度stiffness,rigidity抗裂度crackresistance穩(wěn)定性stability位移displacement變形deformation撓度deflection預(yù)拱度camber流域catchmentbasin集水面積runoffarea徑流runoff水文測驗(yàn)hydrologicalsurvey河床riverbed河槽riverchannel主槽mainchannel邊灘sideshoal河灘rloodland河床寬度bedwidth河槽寬度channelwidth過水?dāng)嗝鎑ischargesection水位waterlevel最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)waterlevel通航水位navigablewaterlevel設(shè)計(jì)水位designwaterlevel水面比降watersurfaceslope河床比降gradientofriverbed濕周weffedperimeter糙率coefficientofroughuess水力半徑hydraulicradius水文計(jì)算hydrologicalcomputation設(shè)計(jì)流量designeddischarge設(shè)計(jì)流速designedflowvelocity行近流速approachvelocity洪水調(diào)查floorsurvey洪水頻率floorfrequency設(shè)計(jì)洪水頻率designedfloodfrequency潮汐河流tidalriver懸移質(zhì)suspendedload推移質(zhì)bedmaterialload水力計(jì)算hydrauliccomputation水頭waterhead沖刷scour橋下一般沖刷generalscourunderbridge橋墩(或墩臺)局部沖刷localscournearpier自然演變沖刷naturalscour沖刷系數(shù)coefficientofscouring淤積silting壅水backwater流冰icedrift先張法pretensioningmethod后張法post-tensioningmethod纜索吊裝法erectionwithcableway懸臂拼裝法erectionbyprotrusion懸臂澆筑法cast-in-placecantilevermathod移動支架逐跨施工法spanbyspanmethod縱向拖拉法erectionbylongtitudinalpullingmethod頂推法incrementallaunchingmethod轉(zhuǎn)體架橋法constructionbyswing浮運(yùn)架橋法erectingbyfloating頂入法jack-inmethod圍堰cofferdam護(hù)筒pilecasing隧道tunnel洞門tunnelportal襯砌tunnellining明洞opencuttunnel圍巖surroundingrork隧道建筑限界structuralapproachlimitofrunnels明挖法opencutmethod礦山法minetunnellingmethod盾構(gòu)法shieldtunnelingmethod沉埋法(沉管法)lmmersedtunnel導(dǎo)坑heading隧道支撐tunnelsupport構(gòu)件支撐elementsupport噴錨支護(hù)lockboltsupportwithshotcrete隧道通風(fēng)tunnelventilation隧道照明tunnellighting養(yǎng)護(hù)maintenance定期養(yǎng)護(hù)periodicalmaintenance巡回養(yǎng)護(hù)patrolmaintenance大中修周期maintenanceperiod小修保養(yǎng)routinemaintenance中修intermediatemaintenance大修heavymaintenance改善工程roadinprovement搶修emergencyrepairofroad加固strengtheningofstructure回砂sandsweeping罩面overlayofpavement路面翻修pavementrecapping路向補(bǔ)強(qiáng)pavementstrengthening車轍rutting路面搓板surfacecorrugation路面網(wǎng)裂net-shapedcracking路面龜裂a(bǔ)lligatorcracking路面碎裂pavementspalling反射裂縫reflectioncrack路面坑槽potholes路面凍脹surfacefrostheave路面沉陷pavementdepression路面滑溜surfaceslipperiness露骨suifaceangularity啃邊edgefailure泛油bleeding擁包upheaval拱脹blowup錯臺faultingofslabends錯位slabstaggering滑坡slide坍方landslide倒塌collapse碎落debrisavalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mudavalanche(振動)液化liquefaction翻漿frostboiling巖溶karst沙害sandhazard雪害snowhazard水毀washout好路率rateofgoodroad養(yǎng)護(hù)質(zhì)量綜合值generaltatingofmaintenancequality路容roadappearance路況roadcondition路況調(diào)查roadconditionsurvey路政管理rladadministration民工建勤civilianlabourersworkingonpublicproject養(yǎng)路費(fèi)tollofroadmaintenance養(yǎng)路道班maintenancegang粒料granularmaterial集料(骨料)aggregate礦料mineralaggregate礦粉mineralpowder砂sand礫石gravel砂礫sandgravel卵石cobblestone碎石brokenstone,crushedstone片石rubble塊石blockstone料石dressedstone石屑chip工業(yè)廢渣industrialsolidwaste結(jié)合料binder有機(jī)結(jié)合料organicbindingagent瀝青bitumen地瀝青asphalt天然瀝青naturalasphalt石油瀝青petroleumasphalt煤瀝青coaltar乳化瀝青emulsifiedbitumen氧化瀝青oxidizedasphalt路用瀝青roadbitumen無機(jī)結(jié)合料inorganicbindingagent粉煤灰flyash混合料mixture瀝青混合料bituminousmixture瀝青混凝土混合料bituminousconcretemixture瀝青碎石混合料bituminousmacadammixture瀝青砂asphaltsand瀝青膏asphaltmastic水泥砂漿cementmortar石灰砂漿limemortar水泥混凝土混合料cementconcretemixture水泥混凝土cementconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力(鋼筋)混凝土prestressedconcrete早強(qiáng)混凝土earlystrengthconcrete干硬性混凝土dryconcrete貧混凝土leanconcrete輕質(zhì)混凝土light-wehghtconcrete纖維混凝土fibrousconcrete外摻劑admixture減水劑waterreducingagent加氣劑airentrainingagent早強(qiáng)劑earlystrengthagent緩凝劑retarder鋼筋steelbar預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼材prestressingsteel高強(qiáng)鋼絲hightensilesteelwire鋼鉸線strandedsteelwire冷拉鋼筋cold-stretchedsteelbar冷拔鋼絲cold-drawnsteelwire高強(qiáng)螺栓highstrengthbolt空隙率porosity孔隙比voidratio粒徑grainsize顆粒構(gòu)成graincomposition細(xì)度fineness篩分sieveanalysis級配gradation級配曲線gradingcurve最佳級配optimumgradation含水量watercontent最佳含水量optimumwatercontent稠度界線consistencylimit液限liquidlimit塑限plasticlimit縮限shrinkagelimit塑性指數(shù)plasticityindex水泥標(biāo)號cementmark水泥混凝土標(biāo)號cementconcretemark水泥混凝土配合比proportioningofcementconcrete水灰比watercementratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity氣硬性airhardening離析segregation徐變creep老化ageing(瀝青)稠度consistency(ofbitumen)針入度penetration粘(滯)度viscosity軟化點(diǎn)softeningpoint延度ductility閃點(diǎn)flashpoint溶解度dissolubility熱穩(wěn)性hotstability水穩(wěn)性waterstability油石化asphalt-aggregateratio含油率bitumencontent壓碎率rateofcrushing磨耗率abrasiveness彈性模量modulusofelasticity回彈模量modulusofresilience勁度(模量)stiffnessmodulus模量比modulusratio泊松比poisson’sratio疲勞試驗(yàn)fatiguetest劈裂試驗(yàn)splittingtest三軸試驗(yàn)triaxialtest擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)compactiontest觸探試驗(yàn)conepenetrationtest彎沉試驗(yàn)deflectiontest環(huán)道試驗(yàn)circulartracktest承載板試驗(yàn)loadingplatetest透水性試驗(yàn)perviousnesstest車轍試驗(yàn)wheeltrackingtest馬歇爾試驗(yàn)Marshallstabilitytest壓實(shí)度試驗(yàn)compactnesstest鋪砂法sandpatchmethod硬練膠砂強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)earth-drymortarstrength–test軟練膠砂強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)plasticmortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性試驗(yàn)soundnesstest(ofcement)擊實(shí)儀compactiontestequipment長桿貫入儀penetrationtestequipment承載板loadingplate杠桿完沉儀beamleverdeflectometer路面曲率半徑測定儀surface-curvatureapparatus路面平整度測定儀viameter路面透水度測定儀surfacepermeameter五輪儀fifth-wheeltester制動儀skiddometer速度檢測器speeddetector萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)universaltestingmachine三軸(剪切)儀triaxialshearratiotester加州承載比(CBR)測定儀Californiabearingratiotester原則篩standardsieves(瀝青)針入度儀penetrometer(瀝青)粘度儀viscosimeter(瀝青)延度儀ductilometer(瀝青)軟化點(diǎn)儀(環(huán)-球法)softeningpointtester(ringballmethod)閃點(diǎn)儀(開口杯式)flashpointtester(opencupmethod)馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度儀Marshallstabilityapparatus(瀝青混合料)抽提機(jī)bitumenextractor砂漿稠度儀mortarpenetrationtester坍落度圓錐筒slumpcone原則工業(yè)粘度計(jì)standardconcreteconsistometer飽和面干吸水率試模saturated-surface-duiedmoistureretentiontester撞擊韌度試驗(yàn)機(jī)impacttoughnessmachine圓盤耐磨硬度試驗(yàn)機(jī)wearhardnessmachine狄法爾磨耗試驗(yàn)機(jī)Devalabrasiontestingmachine洛杉磯磨耗試驗(yàn)機(jī)LosAngelesabrasiontestingmachine壓碎率試模crushingstrengthtester單斗挖掘機(jī)single-bucketexcavator推土機(jī)bulldozer除根機(jī)rootdozer鏟運(yùn)機(jī)scraper平地機(jī)grader挖溝機(jī)trencher耕耘機(jī)cultivator松土機(jī)ripper松土攪拌機(jī)pulvi-mixer穩(wěn)定土拌和機(jī)stabilizer鑿巖機(jī)rockbreaker碎石機(jī)stonecrusher碎石撒布機(jī)stonespreader裝載機(jī)loader羊足壓路機(jī)sheep-footroller手扶式單輪壓路機(jī)walkbehindsingledrum蛙式打夯機(jī)frogrammer內(nèi)燃扎實(shí)