2B鉛筆完成.如要改動(dòng)，必須用橡皮管理類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)聯(lián)考 UseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1. (10points)Theideathattheworld’sglaciersandicecapsmoveever-so-slowlyissosecurelyingrainedinourthinkingthatwehavegivenittometaphorical（比喻性的）status.Tosaythatsomethingmovesat“aglacialpace”isawayofsayingthatit_1_movesatall.Thisisthewaymanypeoplefeelaboutourglobalclimateasawhole somethingthatismovingalongatanalmost_2_rateofchange,possibly_3_somenominalthreattosomebodyelseinsomedistantfuture.Forclimatescientists,_4_,amongpeopleactuallyngworkinthefield,alotoftheargumentandthethinkingaboutthe_5_ofchangeisgoingintheopposite_6_globalclimateischangingfaster,bigger,andsooner_7_later.Thebiggestchangeshavecomein_8_thathavebeenseen_9_someofslowestmovesintheclimatesystem:themeltingglaciersandtheresultingrisein_10_sealevels.Asrecentlyas2007,the_11_thinkingbytheInterernmentalPanelonClimateChange_12_sealevelriseaslittleasseveninchesthiscentury.Nowallbetsareoff.InGreenland,scientistsaregathering_13_whichshowtheoceaniswarmingmorequicklythan_14_,erodingthebaseofbigoutletglaciers,_15_theirflowstothesea._16_thisallleadsremainsuncertain,ofcourse,butthedatafromthefieldisnot_17_totheideaofcomcency（自滿）.Itisfairtosaythatourunderstandingofthesechangesisfarfrom_18_,anditisafairbetthatmoreclimatesurprisesare_19_.Toborrowanotherglacial_20_,itmaybethetipoftheiceberg.insteadratherletorputtingspeedingcuttingslowing117.18.19.bytheundertheontheinthe20.Part

Reading Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. (40points)ThereweremoredifferencesbetweentheU.S.andJapanthaningvaluesduringWorldWarII.Culturalandsocietaldifferencesbetweenthetwocountriesanditspeoplesshapedbeliefsandperceptionsandthusinctionswithinthosesocietiesandbetweenthemaswell.JapanesemediamadesuretocasttheU.S.inanegativelightduringthewar.Evenafterward,theywoulddistorteverythingfromTedKennedy’scaraccidentandthedeathofMaryJoKopechnetoimportantbattlesandevents.DuringWorldWarII,newspaperstriedtogivethepublicwhattheywantedformorale(斗志).Positivenewswaswidelybroadcast,butanythingnegativewasalsodistortedorhidden.SonsorhusbandswhodiedduringWorldWarIIwereheroes,forsure,buttheconceptofsuicidemissionswasunknowntotheJapanese.Thedropof“warningfliers”bytheU.S.beforetheatomicbombwasletgoiscontroversial.SomefeeltheywerefairandthattheJapanesedeniedtheirexistenceandfailedtoadequaywarnthepeople.Othersthinktheywereapartofpsychologicalwarfare.ThewarandtheroleoftheJapaneseernmentcauseduncertaintyandhatredamongtheJapanesetowardAmericans.AnyofthefewwhitepeoplelivinginJapansometimeshadtheirhousessearched—notbytheernment,butbycuriousneighbors.“WhatInevergotusedtowasmyhomebeingsearched;nothingeverstolen,justinvestigatedfrequently,”saidoneAmericanwomanlivinginJapanatthetime.TheJapaneseregardedAmericansascrudeandimmoral,bytheirstandards,asameltingpotwithoutacultureofitsown.TheyalsounderestimatedAmerica’sabilitytouniteforacauseanddevelopsuchapowerfulbomb,perhapsbecauseofthebroadcastsbytheJapanesemedia.TheU.S.citizenslookeddownupontheJapaneseaswell,disgustedbytheofmedicalexperimentationonhumansubjectsbytheJapaneseernment.ThetreatmentofPOWsangeredtheU.S.aswell;thenotablephotoofAustralianSgt.LeonardSiffleetabouttobebeheadedwithasworddidn’thelpwithanti-Japanesesentiments,whichprobablybeganwiththe“sneakattack”onPearlHarbor.SimilarlytotheactionsoftheJapanesemediaduringWorldWarII,theU.S.feltitnecessarytooverwhelmtheenemywithbombs.TheirrefusaltoacceptdefeatangeredAmericans.BoycottsonJapaneseproductspoppedupinAmerica.1CultureclashescontinuetoleavegapsbetweenAmericaandJapan.NewsofualslaveryduringWWIIonthepartofJapan,andanti-JapanesesentimentsevidentinAmericansocietalproductsandbusiness,keepthenationsapart.TheexamplesofKennedyandMarywereprovided hidesomebadshowtheprejudiceinJapaneseuncoverthetruthaboutrevealtheculturalTheauthorquotedoneAmericanwomansoas showthattheJapaneseingeneraldistrustedshowhowcuriousJapanesepeopleweretowardswarnAmericansofthepossibledangerslivingindemonstratethepositiveroleoftheJapaneseWhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeJapaneseviewofAmerican Lackof CruelAmericansangerattheJapaneseisexpressed usinghumanbodiesforstopbuyingJapanese-madewinningthewarwithatomictakingbruterevengeonPearlInthefollowingparagraphs,theauthorwilldeal detaileddescriptionofthewayJapansurprisinglyattackedPearlmorereportsofhowtheJapaneseintentionallyabusedmediawaysofnarrowingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetworeasonswhytherearelargedifferencesbetweentwonations’SINCEthesecondworldwar,Germanyhasrarelysentsoldierstocombatzones.Butitexportsalotofweapons:morethanBritain,FranceoranyothercountrybesidesAmericaandRussia.Germansare,ingeneral,proudoftheirexportprowess.Butalthoughforeignsalesofweaponrybringinalmost€1billion($1.4billion)ayear,theyareadelicatesubject,andlaybesetbybadpress.Onanotherfront,theindustryfacescriticismoverthecountriesitsellsto—mostrecentlyoveradealtosellLeopard2stoSaudiArabia.ArmssalestoanywhereotherthanNATOand“NATO-equivalent”countriesareinprincipleforbidden.ButtheFederalSecurityCouncil,headedbyChancellorAngelaMerkel,canapproveexceptionswhenforeigndictates,aslongastheydonotharmhumanrights.Peacenersfearthattheexceptionsare inglessexceptional.NATOcountries’budgetsarebeingsqueezed,soGermany’sarmsmakersarelookingfartherabroad.Rheinmetall,forexample,hasatargetof50%ofexportsoutsideEuropeby2015.Asiaisagrowingtarget:Singaporerecentlysigneda€1.6billiondealforThyssenKruppsubmarines.Germansmallarmsarealsopopular.GermanywasaleaderinpushingtheUNtorestrict2flowofsmallarmstowar-torncountries.Butsuchweaponsleakacrossbordersnonetheless.ThisiswhyHelmutSidt,aformerchancellor,inDecemberurgedGermanytorestrictarmsButGermany’sarmsexportsareprobablyinlittledanger,sincetheyhavethesamereputationforreliabilityasitscarsandotherindustrialgoods.ThoughGermansoldiersmostlystayclearofcombatzones,Germanweaponsarebattle-tested;LeopardintheformerYugoslaviaandAfghanistan,forexample.Moreover,therearewaystolessenthecontroversyofsellingthingsusedtowagewar.Forexample,makinggunsforafighterjetassembledelsewhereislessvisiblethansellingaGerman-made.Militarytransport,logistics,surveillanceandprotectiveequipmenttogetheraccountforfivetimesasmuchofGermandefencefirms’outputasweaponsandammunition—andarelesslikelytobeblamedforciviliancasualties.Criticssaytheernmentistoowillingtoletarmsfirmsexporttododgyregimes.TheFederationofGermanSecurity&DefenceIndustriesarguesthatstrongexportsarecrucialtospreadthedevelopmentcostsoftheequipmentGermanyneedstodefenditself.Weaponsaccountforlessthan1%ofGermany’sexports.Butitisa1%thatit,likeothercountries,islothtogiveAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT GermanyhasbeenamainexporterofweaponryintheGermanernmenthasbeenprudentinforeignsalesofGermansopenlyapudthesalesofarmstootherItcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraph GermanexportsofweaponryarenotboundbyGermanarmsmakersarecriticizedforforeignsalesofSaudiArabiamightnotbeaNATOmemberGermanforeigndictatesweaponryHelmutSidturgedGermanytolimitarmsexportsmainlybecause contradictGermanstandonrestrictingflowofsmallimpactthereputationforGermanweaponry’striggertheunauthorizedarmsleakageacrosstheviolatetheGermany’sforeignonhumanAccordingtotheauthor,Germany’sarmsexportsareinlittledangerprobablyGermansoldiersrarelygotocombattheymayevadecriticismvialessvisibletheyarelesslikelytocauseciviliantheyaremorereliablethanotherindustrialItcanbeinferredfromthetext GermanernmentwillturnadeafeartoGermanyneedstodefenditselfonforeignsalesofarmsfirmswillcutdownontheweaponryarmsfirmswillcontinueexportsthoughbesetby3Ifevertherewasamousethatroared,it’sMickey.Universal’sIslandsofAdventuremayhavestolenWaltDisney’sthunder,butwhenitcomestothemeparks,MickeyMouseisstillking.Disney’sFloridathemeparkatOrlandocovers32,000acres----thesizeofManchester attracted40mvisitorslastyear.Themoresophisticatedmayfeelitsblendofwholesomenessandkitschisoutdated,butthereislittlearguingwiththenumbers.Incontrast,RankandSeagrampulled8mvisitorsintotheirUniversalStudiosparklastyear.ButwiththelaunchofIslandsofAdventuretheyhopetogiveTheMouse----asinsiderscallDisneyarunforitsmoney.The110-acresiteatOrlandoisbasedonfiveislandsandaimedsquarelyatamorethrill-seeking,slightlyoldermarket.Threeoftheridesaresofasttheyinducezerogravity—andvomiting.TheIncredibleHulkrollercoaster—themedonMarvelComics’superhero—acceleratesfrom0to42mphintwoseconds,thenreaches60mph,beforeflipthroughsevenloops.Thecostofbuildingtheridesisjustaseye-pop.TheHulkissaidtohavecostmore￡50mwhileTheAmazingAdventuresofSpider-Man,thepark’ssensational3Dride,costmore.Theexactfiguresaresecret,butonethingiscertain:whenDisneyhitsbackitwillspendevenRankandSeagram’sdecisiontobuildthreehosonthesitewillbethekeytotakingthefighttoDisney.PortofinoBay,a750-roomhobasedonthefamousItalianfishingvillage,isalmostcomplete.Workhasbegunona650-roomHardRockhoandthe1,000-roomRoyalPacificisduetoopenin2001.Theexpandedcomplexhasnowbeenre-christenedUniversalStudiosEscapeandthepartnershavesignedupanumberofsponsors,includingCoca-ColaandDaimler-Chrysler’sDodgedivision,torunjointmarketingnsaswellaslaunchinga31madvertisingEdgarBronfman,thechiefexecutiveofSeagram,seesUniversal’smoresophisticatedimageasakeytoitssuccess:“ThisisaquantumleapawayfromDisney.Thenewnessoftheparkmeanswecandeliveranexperiencetheycannotrival,”hesays.ThecompetitionwillintensifyasUniversalStudiosEscapemovesintoJapanandeyesEurope.BronfmancomparesthetwocompaniestoMCIandAT&T,the sfirms.PeopleaskedMCIhowitcouldpossiblycompetewithAT&T,butBronfmanbelievesthereisroomforbothUniversalandDisneyandthatonedaytheywillcompeteonmorelevelterms.Disneysaysitisnotconcerned—neveronetosellitselfshort,thesaysitconsidersNewYorkandEuropeasitsrivals.ButDisneyhasstartedbuildingonitsfirsttruerollercoaster:theRockandRollerCoaster.Theridewillbeoutsideandwillnothaveitsworkingshidden,asallotherDisneyridesdo.WaltDisneywasfirmlyagainstrollercoastersandthismoveisseenasshowingjusthowseriouslyTheMouseislisteningtoitssmallbutnoisyneighbor.Theexpression“togiveTheMousearunforitsmoney”(Para.3)canbeparaphrasedtogiveTheMouseachancetogainmoretoprovideTheMousemoreadvantagesfortopressTheMousetospendmoreinitstohelpTheMousewithitsfinancialAllofthefollowingcontributetothestrengtheningofUniversal’scompetitiveness4thebuildingoftheRockandRollertheconstructionofPortofinoBay,HardRockandRoyalthelaunchofIslandsofWhydoesBronfmancompareUniversalandDisneytothetwo scompaniesMCIandBecauseMCIandAT&TarecompetingonlevelBecauseoneissmallerthantheotherbutdarestocompetewithitsBecausebotharefacingtheopportunitiesforBecauseMCThasdefeatedAT&TandsetanexampleforThefactthatDisneyhasstartedtobuilditsfirstrollercoastershows itisconsistentwithitsitisunderthestrongpressurefromitsitispioneeringinintroducingnewitisnningtomergewithUniversalStudiosWhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaoftheIslandsofAdventureisthekeytosuccessofUniversalStudiosRankandSeagramisseekingdevelopmentinJapanandDisneyisrespondingquicklytoUniversal’sAlittleoverayearago,someofthemostprominentandwealthyexecutivesinFrancesignedapetitionseekinghighertaxesonthemselves.Yes,highertaxes.Youmayknowwhathappenednext:Hollandeproposeda75percentmarginaltaxrateonall eover$1.3million.Marginaltaxratesoncapitalgainswouldrisetoasmuchasabout60percent.Nowmanyofthenation’swealthiestexecutives—includingsomewhosignedtheoriginalpetition—entrepreneurs,andotherswhoaremillionaires,orwantto emillionaires,arecryingfoul.Inasignthatexecutivesaremoving,orthreateningtomove,tolower-taxedcountries,high-endrealestateinParisisbeingthrownonthemarket.Anindustrygroupsaidinastatementthatthe60.5percentratewouldhelpperpetuate“theimageofacountrythatdoesnotlikeachievementandsuccess,andthatstrikesaconfiscatorytax.”AndthenthereisBernardArnault,oneofFrance’swealthiestmen.HerecentlysaidhewasapplyingforcitizenshipinBelgium,settingoffafirestorm.Still,alltheangerandangstappearstobepushingMr.Hollandeandhisadministrationtobackdown,atleastslightly.The75percenttaxwillnowbeeffectiveforonlythenexttwoyears.Andlastweek,abudgetminister,perhapsbowingtopressure,saidthecapitalgainstreatmentonstart-upswas“amistake”andsaidtheernmentwouldseekaremedy.ThedebateinFranceraisesanimportantquestionintheUnitedStatesaboutwhetherthewealthyshouldpaymore—andbyhowmuch.MarginaltaxratesintheUnitedStateswereashighas94percentduringWorldWarIIin1944and1945,butthereweresomanyloopholesthatfewpeoplepaidanythingclosetothatrate.Fornow,itiscappedat35percent.TherealityinEuropeisthatmovingfromParistoLondonmaynotbethatbigofadeal,5extremetaxratescouldbeadecidingfactorinwhereaorbusinessdecidestoTheideaofsoakingtherichisoftenapopularone.ButifthereislessonintheFrenchexperience,despitetheeconomicmodels,itisthattherearelimits.TheoppositiontothenewtaxproposalinFranceismanifestedinthefactsomemillionairesorwould-bemillionairesarecryingmarginaltaxratesoncapitalgainswouldrisesomewealthyexecutivessignedapetitionseekinglowersomewealthypeoplewouldapplyforcitizenshipinotherWhenabudgetministersaidthecapitalgainstreatmentonstart-upswas“amistake”,itmeansthattheernmentwouldkeepresoluteonthetheernmentwouldshowsignsofslighttheadministrationwouldyieldtothepressuretheadministrationwouldseekaremedyregardlessoftheThewealthypeoplecanresorttoemigrationasathreattotheFrenchernment’s itmaynotbeabigtroubletomigratetoothercountriesintheideaofsoakingtherichmaynotbepopularoutsideAmericans erichforeignerstobringcapitalswiththemtothetheremaybemanyloopholesinthetaxsystemsofforeignThelessontheAmericacandrawfromtheFrenchexperienceis theernmentshouldstrikeaconfiscatorytaxtosoakthetheernmentshouldplugtheloopholesofthetaxtheernmentshouldbeprudentontheissueoftheernmentshouldconsiderthedecidingfactoroftaxThebesttitleofthispassagemayNewTaxes,NoPartDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)FORalltheirfans’passion,Italianfootballclubsstruggletomakeprofits.Inthe1990sItaly’sSerieAwasthemostglamorousandhigh-profileofEurope’sfivemainfootballleagues;ithassincefallen,inrevenueterms,fromsecondtoce.Inthisyear’sFootballMoneyLeague,publishedonJanuary22ndbyDeloitte,aconsultingfirm,threeofthefourItalianclubsintheworldwidetop20droppedatleastoneposition.However,therearesignsofaturnaroundintheclubs’fortunes.Italy’sleaguefellbehinditspeerspartlybecauseofthecomcencyofclubs’owners.Tycoonstreatedthemastrophyassetsmorethanbusinesses.Theclubssufferedchroniclossesand6corruptionscandals,andtheirstadiumswerelefttodecay.ButItaly’ssustainedeconomicdownturnandtheintroductionbyUEFA,Europeanfootball’serningbody,ofrulestostopclubshabituallyspendingmorethantheyearn,havebeenamongthemainreasonswhyanumberofclubshavechangedhands.Foreigninvestorsaretricklingin.Forthoseseekingtoturnaroundaclub’sfinances,oneofthemostimportanttasksistoboostmatch-daytakings,whichaccountfor11%oftotalrevenuesinSerieA,comparedwith23%inboththeEnglishLeagueandtheGermanBundesliga.Thatmeansimprovingthematch-dayexperience.However,fewItalianclubsownthestadiumstheyyin,andunlikeinBritainandGermany,whereofficialencouragementandincentiveshaveledtostadiumsbeingupgraded,Italianoneslargelyremaininapoorstate.Thereisplentyofmoneycominginfromevision:theamountthatbroadcasterspaytoshowItalianfootballmatchesissecondonlytothatinEngland.However,Italianclubsaremissingafewothertricks.Forinstance,theydonotgetmuchfromrentingoutVIPboxesattheirgroundsonmatchdays:Italianbusinesspeopletendtotakestodinnerortheopera;andtopersuadethemtostartbringingthemtofootballmatches,thefacilitiesatgroundswouldneedtobeimproved.Also,unlikeEngland’stopclubs,Italianoneshavenotbeengoodatconningtheirfansintobuyingoverpricedteamstrips.Butthetidecouldturnsoon.Italy’stopperformerisJuventus,ownedbytheAgnellifamily,whoseforebearsfoundedFiat.TheTurin-basedclubopenedanew,41,000-capacitystadiumin2011;ithassincemorethantrebleditsmatch-dayrevenues.Twootherteams,SassuoloandUdinese,havesinceembarkedonrevamtheirstadiums,andASRomanstobuilditselfanewhomeontheoutskirtsoftheeternalcity.Effortsarebeingmadetoearnmorefromforeignsources.OverthepastfiveyearstheSupercoppa,theopeningmatchoftheseason,hasbeenyedthreetimesinandonceinQatar.ASRoma,boughtbyagroupofAmericaninvestorsin2011,hassincestruckaten-yearkit-sponsorshipdealwithNike.In2013ErickThohir,anIndonesianbusinessman,acquired70%ofInterMilan,bringinginaclutchofforeignexecutivestoboostthebrandglobally:ofInter’s280mf