2022年山東省煙臺市大學英語6級大學英語六級重點匯總（含答案）學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Thereisnotmuchchangeintheweatherinthetropicalrainforestsalltheyearround.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

TheHolocenePeriodisalsoknownas______.

3.

ThetraditionalideainEurope,Americaandelsewhereisthateggsarelaidby______during

4.

Exercisesingratitude,kindnessandoptimismcanmakepeoplehappier--butonlyiftheykeepdoingthemandtheseexercises______.

5.

Mosttsunamisaretriggeredbyearthquakesbeneaththeseaandonlyafewbyearthquakesalongcoastlines.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.ForpeoplewhoplantodependonUIforaperiodoftime,theyshouldperiodicallyinform.theunemploymentofficeabout______.

7.

Theyhadverydifferentpointsofviewabout______,whichwassoextremethatIgrewcuriousandintrigued.

8.America'sHotSchools

Competition'sintenseandtherearescoresofcolleges.Large,small,public,private,urban,rural—what'sbestforyou?Hereareourtoppicksfortheplacesthateveryone'stalkingaboutfor2005.

Newsweek2005edition—PullaparttheNBAofastudent'sdreamschoolandyou'llfindsomanydifferentstrands.Perhapsit'sthelocation,eitherintherollingcountry-sidefarfromanythingthatresemblesasidewalk,orinthemidstofanurbanneighborhood.Itcouldbeacollege'suniqueeducationalmissionorthearrayofquirkypersonalitiesoncampus.Maybeit'stheoutstandinglabsorlibrariesortheaters,eventhefitnesscenter.All25collegesontheHotListfor2005haveonethingincommon:theyprovideanoutstandingeducation.Butwhatmakesthemhotistheirdifferencesandspecialtraits.

Althoughalltheseschoolshavedemonstratedcontinuingexcellence,variousqualitiesmademanyofthemstandoutin2004.TheIraqwar,aswellasitsaftermath,highlightedtheimportanceofwell-educatedmilitaryleadershipandsomestudentsthinkofapplyingtoAnnapolisorWestPoint.ThedebateoverEarlyDecision(ED)admissionspoliciespromptedanumberofapplicantstotryschoolslikeYaleorStanfordthathaveledtheefforttoreduceEDstressonstudents.ThecontroversyoveraffirmativeactionmotivatedotherstudentstoseekoutschoolslikeWesleyanthatcelebratediversity.

HOTTESTIVY

YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Conn.

YalepresidentRichardLevinhasbeenaleaderineffortstochangeEDadmissionspolicies,andthatisprobablyonereasontheuniversitywasatthetopofsomanyambitiousstudents'liststhisyear.Arecord19,682studentsappliedin2003,butonly1,955wereadmitted.The2004--2005seasoncouldbearepeat.UndergraduateAdmissionsDeanRichardShawsaysthenumberofcampusvisitshasincreaseddramatically—agoodindicatorofafuturespike(高峰)inapplications.Yaliessayabigattractionoftheirundergraduateexperienceistheresidential—collegesystem.Studentsliveinoneof12colleges,eachwithitsowncharacter,undertheguidanceofamasterandadean.

HOTTESTSCHOOLFORTHEARTS

JuilliardSchool,NewYork,N.Y.

Juilliardturns100inthe2005—2006academicyear,andthecurrentcropofstudentscanlookbackonanimpressivehistorywithsuchalumniasactorKevinKline,violinistItzhakPerlmanandchoreographer(芭蕾舞創(chuàng)作者)LarLubovitch.Tocelebrate,theschoolwillintroducenewchoreography,productionsandperformances.Thestudentorchestra,whichalreadyperformsabroad,willembarkonitsfirstdomestictour.In2003—2004,Juilliardreceived2,016applications;only152musicians,dancersandactorswereofferedthechancetoshowcasetheirtalentintheJulliardTheaterrightnexttoLincolnCenter.That'sthebestinspirationforanyaspiringstar.

HOTTTESTLIBRARY

HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,Mass.

Harvard'slibrarysystemrankswiththebestofanykindinthecountry,eventheCongress."Itcontainsthelargestcollectionofeverykindofbookandbitofinformationanyonewouldeverwant,sayslibrarydirectorSidneyVerba.Thecollectionincludesmorethan15millionvolumes,5.5millionmicroforms,6.5millionmanuscriptsand5millionotherresearchmaterialssuchasphotographs,mapsandrecordings.Evenundergraduatestakeadvantageoftheseresourcesforwritingtermpapersandseniortheses.Harvard,digitalcollectionisparticularlystrong,andabigdrawforstudentswhowantaccesstojustabouteveryonlinejournalaround.

&nb

A.YB.NC.NG

9.HowOnlineDatingWorks

Oneofthebasichumanimpulsesistodeveloparomanticrelationship——andmaybeevenfallinlove.Buttherearealotofobstaclesthatmightkeepsomeonefrommeetingtheloveofhisorherlifeintoday'sworld.Maybedatingco-workersisagainstcompanypolicy.Perhapsyouhatethebarscene.Youmightnotbeintherightmoodtomeetyoursoulmatewhileyou'retrekking(艱苦跋涉)throughthegrocerystore.

Peopleofallages,lifestylesandlocationshavebeenfacingthisproblemfordecades.Inthelast10yearsorso,anewsolutionhasarrivedtohelplonelyheartsfindtheirsoulmates:onlinedating.

GettingStarted

Onlinedatingissimplyamethodofmeetingpeople,andithasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thevarietyofdatingsitesisconstantlygrowing,withmanysitesfocusedonveryspecificgroupsorinterests.Therearcsitesforseniors,sitesforMuslims(穆斯林),sitesforfitness-orientedpeople,sitesforpeoplejustlookingforfriendsandsitesforpeoplewhoareinterestedinmoreadultactivities.Thisarticlewillbefocusedonthemostbasictypeofdatingsite--onethatworkstobringtwopeopletogetherforaromanticrelationship.Whilethisarticleappliestothemajorityofpopulardatingsites,therulesandpracticesofanygivenindividualsitemaydiffer.

Whenyoufirstarriveatanonlinedatingsite,youcanbrowsethroughprofileswithoutenteringanyinformationaboutyourself.Theamountofinformationyoucanseeabouteachuserdependsonthesite.Somesitesallowuserstorestrictaccesstotheirprofilestopayingmembers.Photosmightnotbedisplayedunlessyouhaveapaidmembership.Thishelpspreserveanonymity,sinceaco-workerorfamilymembercan'taccidentallystumbleacrossyourprofile.They'dhavetopayforamembershiptoseeapictureofthepersonthey'rereadingabout.

Onceyoudecideyou'regoingtogiveitashot,thefirstthingyouneedtodoiscreateyourprofile.

CreatingaProfile

Whenit'stimetomakeyourownprofile,you'llstartwithsomebasicinformation.Areyouamanorawoman?Areyoulookingtomeetamanorawoman?Whatagerangeareyouinterestedin?Wheredoyoulive?(Somesitesjustaskforazipcode,whileothersmayallowyoutochoosefromalistofcities.)Thisisgenerallythesameinformationyouprovidetoperform.asimplesearch,or"browse."

Basicprofileinformationmayalsoincludeyourbirthdateandavalide-mailaddress.Siteadministratorswillcommunicatewithyouthroughthisaddress,andsomesitesallowmessagesfromuserstobesenttoyoure-mailanonymously.Whentheysendyouamessage,itisroutedthroughthesite'ssystemandredirectedtoyoure-mailwithouttheotherusereverseeingyouraddress.Somesitesusetheirowninternalmessagingsystem.Ifyou'reespeciallyconcernedaboutprivacy,it'seasyenoughtocreateafreee-mailaccountsomewhereanduseitsolelyforyouronlinedatingcontacts.

Indicatingyourphysicalattributesisusuallythenextstep.Height,weight,hairandeyecolorandbodytypearecommonpiecesofdata,whilesomesitesaskaboutpiercingsandtattoos.Atthispoint,theprocessbecomesincreasinglydetailed.Interestsandactivities,favoritesports,authors,musicormovies,howyouliketospendweekend—thesetopicsareallfairgame.Morepersonalquestionsmightinvolvewhetherornotyouhavechildren,whetherornotyouwantchildren,yourreligiousbeliefsandyourpoliticalviews.Pets,occupation,incomeandlivingsituationareusuallyonthelistaswell.

Next,you'llbeaskedtoanswermanyofthesesamequestionsasecondtime,butinsteadofindicatingyourowntraits,you'llbedescribingyouridealdate.Thesitewillthenusethisinformationandtheinformationyouprovidedaboutyourselft

A.YB.NC.NG

10.Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.

11.

Thedisadvantageofthehybridcornisthatitwas______andpoorinflavor.

12.

W.E.B.DuBoiswasnotonlyoneofthefoundersoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),butalsoorganizedFirstPanAfricanCongressin1919.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Thecropcircleswerethoughttobethegreatestworksofmodernart,thesignsof______orlandingsitesofUFOs.

14.

Someresearcherstriedtostudygossips,whichtheyfoundalmostimpossibleinthelabenvironment.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Dr.Dorisbelievesthateveryoneisbornto______.

A.haveweightproblems

B.liketobebeautiful

C.bethin

D.behappy

16.

Mostofthepeoplebelievethatsociallyinghelpstoavoid______.

17.

AccordingtoAnnieStevens,manynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobbecausetheycannotgetalongwiththeircoworkers.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

theUnitedStatesforever.

19.

Neverisonesupposedtodoexteriorpaintingwhen,thetemperatureisbelow50degreesF.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Whyaresomepeopleunwillingtogetfit?

A.Theexpensesoforganizedclassesaretoogreatforthem.

B.Thereisnoactivitytheycantakewiththeirfriends.

C.Theyareafraidthattheactivitiesarebeyondtheirabilities.

D.Therearefewsportsclubsorgymsavailableinthecommunity.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(24)

A.Romanticlighting,

B.Fantasticmusic.

C.Amazingcostumes.

D.Animalperformers.

22.(31)

A.TheysendthemessagetothePresidentwithintendays.

B.Theyofficiallystatereasonsforrejectingthemessage.

C.TheymeetwiththePresident.

D.Theyrevisethevetoedbill.

23.

【B5】

24.(44)

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Right,everybody.WelcometoCentralCollegelibraryservices.Myname'sKathyJenkins.I'llgiveyouabriefintroductiontothelibrary.Wehaveawellstockedbankofresourceswhichareinthreemainlocations:thelibraryitself,withbooksandperiodicals;theserfaccesslanguagecenter,withaudioandvideomaterial;andthemicro-computerlab.I'llstartwiththemicrocomputerlab,ormicrolabaswecallit.Itisfittedwith24personalcomputers.

Ifyouareamemberofthelibrary,youmayborrowCALLdiscsinFrench,German,Italian,SpanishandRussianaswellasEnglish.Bytheway,CALLstandsforcomputeraidedlanguagelearning:CAdoubleL,"CALL",forshort.Youmayalsoborrowarangeofwordprocessinganddesktoppublishingpackages.Alldisksarc,ofcourse,strictlyforuseinthemicro-labonly.Ifyouwishtoprintanythingyoushoulduseoneofthefivemachinesaroundtheoutsideoftheroom.Ifyouwantatopqualityprintoutfromthelaserprinter,comeandseemyselforanyofthelibrarystaff.Thereisachargeforusingthelaserprinter.

Thereisalwaysaqueuetogettotheterminalstowardtheendofterm.Comeinandgettoknowhowtousethecomputersearlyinthetermandusethemregularly,ratherthanjustbeforeexamsandessaydeadlines,inordertoavoiddelayordisappointment,Trainingsessionsareheldonaregularbasis,onthefirstandthirdThursdayofeachmonth,andarefreetofulltimestudentsofthecollege.

(27)

A.Computerclasses.

B.Trainingsessions.

C.Laserprinting.

D.Packageborrowing.

26.(25)

A.He'sspokentohimonthephone.

B.Hestayedinhisapartmentonesummer.

C.Hewentonasummertripwithhim.

D.Heusedtoworkwithhim.

27.(45)

28.聽力原文：W:Hi,Mr.Talcott.Ismyprescriptionready?

M:It'srighthere.Justfollowthesedirectionsandtakeonepillrightaftereachmeal.

Q:Whatistheman'soccupation?

(17)

A.Florist.B.Dentist.C.Organist.D.Pharmacist.

29.(35)

A.JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.

B.ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmath.

C.Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathskills.

D.Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.

30.

【B2】

31.(41)

32.

【B3】

33.

【B6】

34.聽力原文：M:Ineedsomeaspirin,please,andI'dalsoliketogetthisprescriptionfilled.

W:Fine.Here'syouraspirin.Icanhavetheprescriptionforyouinabouttenminutes,ifyouwanttowait.

Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(18)

A.Atadrugstore.

B.Atahospital.

C.Atadoctor'soffice.

D.Atadentist'soffice.

35.(26)

A.Youarereadytoenterthetopschool.

B.Youshouldnotmakepreparations,sinceyouwillentertheworstschool.

C.Youshouldnotexpecttoenterthetopschool.

D.Youshouldmakefullpreparationsandfacetheworstresult.

36.(19)

A.Spendingtoomuchmoneyonthecustomers.

B.FindingnoavailableconferenceroominShangri-la.

C.Toomanycustomerscomingtoattendthemeeting.

D.Fewcustomersgoingtoseeicesculpturesandbuildings.

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themanwastheonlysurvivorofanaircrash.

B.Peopleonboardwerefrightenedandtriedtoescape.

C.Themanhasalwaysbeenveryluckyinaccidents.

D.Afewpassengerscamebackhomesafeandsound.

38.(43)

39.聽力原文：PeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944,whenshestarredinNationalVelvet—thestoryofVelvetBrown,ayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace.Atfirst,theproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.However,theywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrained—andaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!HeractinginNationalVelvetwasstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.

ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin1932.Herparents,bothAmericans,hadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldWarIIstarted,theTaylorsmovedtoBeverlyHills,California,andthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.Afterhersuccessasachildstar,TaylorhadnotroublemovingintoadultrolesandwontwiceforBestActress:Butterfield8(1960)andWho'sAfraidofVirginiaWolf?(1966).

Taylor'sfameandpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustry,soshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963,shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatra—thehighestpayreceivedbyanystaruptothattime.

ElizabethTaylorisalegendofourtime.LikeVelvetBrowninNationalVelvet,shehasbeenlucky.Shehasbeauty,fameandwealth.Butsheisalsoahardworker.Taylorseldomactsinmoviesanymore.Instead,sheputshertimeandeffortsintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers—severalyearsago,shefoundedanorganizationthathasraisedmorethan$40millionforresearchandeducation.

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.Whydidn'ttheproducersletTaylorplaythepartofVelvetatfirst?

34.WhatdidElizabethTaylorandVelvetBrownhaveincommon?

35.TowhatdidElizabethTaylordevoteherselfinherlaterlife?

(29)

A.Theythoughtshewastooyoung.

B.Theythoughtshewassmallinsize.

C.Theythoughtshedidnotplaywellenough.

D.Theythoughtshedidnotshowmuchinterest.

40.

【B9】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

HiddenvalleylooksalotlikethedozensofothercampsthatdotthewoodsofcentralMaine.There'salake,somesoccerfieldsandhorses.Butthecampersmakethedifference.They'reallAmericanparentswhohaveadoptedkidsfromChina.They'reatHiddenValleytofindbridgesfromtheirchildren'soldworldstothenew.DianaBeckerofMontville,Maine,watchesher3-year-olddaughterMikadancetoaChineseversionof"Twinkle,TwinkleLittleStar.""HersoulisChinese,"shesays,"butreallyshe'sgrowingupAmerican."

HiddenValleyandahandfulofother"culturecamps"servingfamilieswithchildrenfromoverseasreflectthehugeriseinthenumberofforeignadoptions,from7,093in1990to15,774lastyear.Aftercuttingthroughwhatcanbemilesofredtape,parentsoftencomehometofindanewdilemma."Atfirstyouthink,'Ineedachild',"saysSandyLachter,whowithherhusband,Steve,adoptedAmelia,5,fromChinain1995."Thenyouthink,'Whatdoesthechildneed?'"

Theculturecampsgivefamiliesaplacetofindanswerstothosekindsofquestions.Mostgrewoutoflocalsupportgroups.Whileparentsaddressweightyissueslikehowtoraisekidsinamixed-racefamily,theirchildrenjusthavefuntogethersuchasridinghorsesandsingingChinesesongs."Myphilosophyofcampingisthattheycouldbedoinganything,aslongastheyseeotherChinesekidswithwhiteparents,"saysthedirector,PeterKassen.

Thecampisacontinuationoflanguageanddanceclassesmanyofthekidsattendduringtheyear."Whenwerentedoutatheaterfor'Mulan',itwaspacked,"saysStephenChenofBoston.ClassesinChineselanguage,artandcalligraphy(書法)aretaughtbyexperts,likeRenneLuoftheGreaterBostonChineseCulturalCenter."Ourmissionistopreservetheheritage,"Lusays.

Kidswhoareveterancamperssaytheexperiencehelpsthemunderstandtheircomplexheritage.Sixteen-year-oldAlexwasborninIndiaandadoptedbyKathyandDavidBrintonofBoulder,Colo.,whenhewas7."IwentthroughastagewhereIhatedIndia,hatedeverythingaboutit,"hesays."Youjustcouldn'tmentionIndiatome."ButaftersixsessionsattheEastIndiaColoradoHeritageCamp,hehopestotraveltoIndiaafterhegraduatesfromhighschoolnextyear.

Campcanbealearningexperienceforthewholefamily.WhitneyNing,23,acounselorforfouryears,saystheKoreaHeritageCamphelpedherbecomeclosertoherparents."Theywerehesitantatfirst,"shesays,"butwhentheysawhowmuchitmeanttome,theybecameverysupportive."Sometimesthemostdirectroutearoundtheworldisacrossacampfire.

WhatattractsAmericanparentstoHiddenValley?

A.Adoptedchildrenholdgatheringhere.

B.Ithelpschildrenadapttothenewculturewell.

C.Ithelpsparentstoexchangetheirideas.

D.Thefamiliescomeforrelaxation.

42.

Beforetheirsonwasborn,thespousecouldseeeachother______.

43.

【C6】

44.Theword"hypothese"(Line3,Para.2)means______.

A.explanationB.assumptionC.factD.phenomenon

45.

Theauthor'schiefargumentagainsthighheelsisthatthey______.

A.poseathreattolawns

B.areinjurioustowomen'shealth

C.don'tnecessarilymakewomenbeautiful

D.areineffectiveasaweaponofdefense

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Everyonceinawhilethereasonsfordiscouragementaboutthehumanprospectpileupsohighthatitbecomesdifficulttoseethewayahead,anditisthenagreatblessingtohaveoneconspicuousandundeniablegoodthingtothinkaboutourselves,somethingsolidenoughtostepontoandlookbeyondthepile.

Languageisoftenusefulforthis,andmusic.Aparticularpainting,ifyouhavetherightreceptors(感受器),canlightthespiritsandholdthemhighenoughtoseeawholefuturefortherace.Thesoundoflaughterinthedistanceinthedarkcanbeamarvelousencouragement.Buttheseareuncertainstimuli,readytoworkonlyifyouhappentoreceivethem,whichtakesabitofluck.

Ihavebeenreadingmagazinestoriesaboutthetechnologyofliedetectionlately,anditoccurstomethatthismaybethethingI'vebeenlookingfor,anencouragementsupportedbygenuine,hardscientificdata.ItispromisingenoughthatI'vedecidedtotakeasgivenwhatthearticlessay,uncritically,andtolooknofurther.

AsIunderstandit,ahumanbeingcannottellalie,evenasmallone,withoutsettingoffakindofsmokealarmsomewheredeepinadarkrecessofthebrain,resultinginthesuddendischargeofnerveimpulses,orthesuddenoutpouringofneurohormones(神經(jīng)激素)ofsomesort,orboth.Theoutcome,recordedbythelie-detectordeviceissimilartotheresponsestovariouskindsofstress.

Lying,thenisstressful,evenwhenwedoitforprotection,orrelief,orescape,orprofit,orjustforthepurepleasureoflyingandgettingawaywithit.Itisastrain,distressingenoughtocausetheemissionofsignalstoandfromthecentralnervoussystemwarningthatsomethinghasgonewrong.Itis,inapurephysiologicalsense,anunnaturalact.

NowIregardthisasapieceofextraordinarilygoodnews,meaning,thatwearecompelledtobeamoralspeciesatleastinthelimitedsensethatwearebiologicallydesignedtobetruthfultoeachother.

Itseemsapettythingtohavethisinformation,butperhapsittellsustolookagain,andlookdeeper.Weareindeedasocialspecies,moredependentoneachotherthanthecelebratedsocialinsects.Wecannomoreliveasolitarylifethancanabee.Weareobliged,asaspecies,torelyoneachother.Trustisafundamentalrequirementforourkindofexistenceandwithoutitallourlinkageswouldbegintosnaploose.

Itisenough,quiteenough,toknowthatwecannoteventellaplainuntruth,betrayatrust,withoutscaringsomepartofourownbrains.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat______.

A.therearealotofobstaclesonthewayaheadofhumanbeings

B.humanbeingsaresurroundedbypilesofrubbish

C.weareconvincedthatmenarebornevil

D.man'sfutureisseentobebetteradvantagedfromhisgoodnature

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

YearsbeforePresidentBillClintoncametoWashingtonwithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional＄20,000millionannuallyonAmerica'sinfrastructure"todeveloptheworld'sbestcommunication,transportation,andenvironmentalsystems,"economistsandothersweretalkingabouttheneedtospendmoreonpublicworks.Theirdebatehasbeenalmostentirelyaboutonequestion:howmuchmore?Usuallyoverlookedintheseindiscussionsistherealinfrastructuredilemmaofthe21stcentury--nothowmuchtospendbuthowtodecidewhattobuildandwheretobuildit.

Forseveralreasons,theoldwaysofdecidingthesematterssimplydonotworkanymore.Americanstodayarefarmoreskepticalaboutthevalueofnewroads,bridges,andsewagetreatmentplantsespeciallywhentheyarelocatedintheirown.backyards.Theirfaiththatdecisionsaboutpublicworkscanbesafelyleftinthehandsofpublicofficials,engineers,andothertechnicalexpertsisgone.

Reflectingin1985uponthefinaldemiseofWestway,theproposedhighwayalongManhattan'sWestSidethathadbeenheldupfor30years,SenatorDanielPatrickMoynihanofNewYorkwrote,"Thereisakindofstasisthatisbeginningtosettleintoourpubliclife.Wecannotreachdecisions.Centralparkcouldnotconceivablybebuilttodayasitwaswhentherewasenoughpoweringovernmenttomakethedecision.Wedon'thavethatcapacity."

Thepersistenceofthepublicworksporkbarrel(地方建設經(jīng)費)—fundingblatantlypoliticalprojects--hasalsocontributedtopublicskepticism.InthesameyearthatMoynihandecriedthedeathofWestway,localpoliticiansthe＄1,800millionTennesseeTombigbeeWaterway,recentlydescribedbytheAtlantaJournalConstitutionas"abrokenpromise."Aclassicporkbarrelproject,thewaterwaycarriesonlyone-tenththecommercialbargetrafficthathadbeenprojected.

Economists'debatehasneglectedthequestionofhow______.

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Today,moreandmorepeopleareusingcreditcardsinsteadofmoneytobuythethingstheyneed.Almostanyonewhohasasteadyincomeandagoodworkrecordcanapplyforacreditcard.Therearemanycreditcardsavailable:AmericanExpress,MasterChafe,VISA,andDiner'sClubarethenamesofsomeofthemostpopular.

Ifyouhaveacreditcard,youcanbuyacar,eatadinner,takeatrip,andevengetahaircutbychargingthecosttoyouraccount.Inthiswayyoucanpayforpurchasesamonthlaterwithoutanyextracharge.Oryoumaychoosetospreadoutyourpaymentoverseveralmonthsandpayonlypartofthetotalamounteachmonth.Ifyoudothis,thecreditcardcompany,orthebankthatsponsorsthecreditcard,willaddasmallservicechargetoyourtotalbill.Thisisveryconvenientforthecustomer.Withthecreditcardinyourwalletorpurse,youdon'thavetocarrymuchcash.Thissavesyourtripstothebanktocashchecksorwithdrawcash.Also,ifyoucarrycreditcardsinsteadofalotofcash,youdon'thavetobeconcernedaboutlosingyourmoneythroughcarelessnessortheft.Thecarduseronlyhastoworryaboutpayingthefinalbill.This,ofcourse,canbeaproblem,ifyouchargemorethanyoucanpayfor.

Creditcardsarebigbusiness.Manybankssponsortheirowncreditcardcompaniesandissuecardsfreetotheircustomers.Othercreditcardcompanieschargetheirmembersannualdues.Thestoresthatacceptcreditcardsmustpayasmallfeetothecreditcardcompany--apercentageofthepurchasepriceofthemerchandiseorservice.Inturn,thecreditcardcompanypromptlypaysthestoreforthemerchandiseorservice.Creditcardcompaniesmakeaprofitfromthefeestheychargethestoreandalsofromthefeescollectedfrom