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2022年山西省呂梁市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.
ThementionoftheextinctionoftheUSautoindustryisusedtoshow
A.Extinctionisveryimportanttoallthehumanbeings
B.Allthespecieslivedinthepasthavediedofftoday
C.Evolutionwillinevitablycausespeciestodisappear
D.Thelossofafewspeciesamongmillionsaffectsnothing
2.
Besidestheproblemsofthesmallsizeandshortdurationofthestudy,Gersten'sresearchalsolacks______.
3.Accordingtothepassage,onehealthbenefitsofwalkingisthat______.
A.yourbonedensitywillbedecreased
B.youwillloseweightinaneasyandquickway
C.youwillenjoybetterheartcondition
D.youwillhavestrongerupperbodymuscles
4.
Vegawasverycarefulinpickingoutthereal-worldmaroonblouse,blackcardiganandwhitetennisshoesforheravatartowear.
A.YB.NC.NG
5.
Modernofficeworkersarejustlikefighterpilotsinthatbothneedtomonitordataofgreatcomplexity.
A.YB.NC.NG
6.
ThecompetitivequalitywithinRichardNixonwasfirstshowninhisearlyexperienceswith______.
7.
Stockinvestmentsarebettertoearlyretireesthanothercommonretirementinvestmentsinthatwhencashedin.theyrequireonly______.
8.
Theplantswouldbeinsectresistantasagenefromthesoilbacteriumcoulddirectcellstoproduce______thatistoxictocertaininsects.
9.
Bipolardisorderhasfourtypesbecause______showupdifferentlyindifferentpeople.
10.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.
11.HealthCareandEpidemics
Everyonesuffersfromdiseaseatsometimeoranother.However,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodhealthcare.Sometimestheyhavenomoneytopayformedicaltreatment.Sometimestheyhavemoney,butthereisnodoctor.Sometimesthedoctordoesnotknowhowtotreatthedisease,andsometimesthereisnotreatment.Somepeopleareafraidofdoctors.Whentheseconditionsarepresentinlargepopulationcenters,epidemicscanstart.
EpidemicsChangeHistory
Explorationsandwarscausedifferentgroupsofpeopletocomeintocontactwithother.Theycarrystrangediseasetoeachother.Forexample,whentheEuropeansfirstcametoNorthandSouthAmerica,theybroughtdiseaseswiththemthatkilledabout95percentoftheNativeAmericanpopulation.
People'sFear
Peopleareveryafraidofunknownthings,especiallydiseases.Peoplehaveallkindsofideasabouthowtopreventandtreatdisease.Somepeoplethinkthatifyoueatlotsofonionsorgarlic,youwon'tgetsick.Otherssayyoushouldtakehugeamountsofvitamins.Scientificexperimentshavenotprovedmostofthesetheories.However,peoplestillspendmillionsofdollarsonvitaminsandotherprobablyuselesstreatmentsorpreventatives.Somepeoplewantantibiotics(抗生素)whenevertheygetsick.Someantibioticsareveryexpensive.Muchofthismoneyiswastedbecausesomediseasesarecausedbyavirus.Virusesareevensmallerthanbacteria,andtheycausedifferentkindsofdiseases.Antibioticsareuselessagainstviruses.
Becauseoftheirfear,peoplecanbecrueltovictimsofdisease.Sometimestheyfirethemfromtheirjobs,throwthemoutoftheirapartments,andrefusethemtransportationservices.Intheplague(瘟疫)epidemicsafewhundredyearsago,peoplesimplycoveredthedoorsandwindowsofthevictim'shousesandleftthemtodieinside,allinanefforttoprotectthemselvesfromgettingsick.
TheWaysEpidemicDiseasesSpread
Doctorsknowhowmostepidemicdiseasesspread.Some,liketuberculosis,arespreadwhenpeople'ssneezesendsthebacteriashootingoutintotheair.Thentheyenterthemouthornoseofanyonenearby.
Othersarespreadthroughhumancontact,suchasonthebands.Whenyouaresickandblowyournose,yougetvirusesorbacteriaonyourhands.Thenyoutouchanotherperson'shand,andwhenthatpersontoucheshisorhermouth,nose,oreyes,thediseaseentersthebody.Somediseasesspreadwhenpeopletouchthesamedishes,towels,andfurniture.Youcanpickupadiseasewhenyoutouchthingsinpublicbuildings.Otherdiseasesarespreadthroughinsectssuchasflies,mosquitoes,andticks.
Onediseasethatcausesfrequent,worldwideepidemicsisinfluenza,orfluforshort.Thesymptomsofinfluenzaincludeheadacheandsometimesarunnynose.Somevictimsgetsicktotheirstomachs.Thesesymptomsaresimilartosymptomsofother,milderdiseases.Influenzacanbeamuchmoreseriousdisease,especiallyforpregnantwomen,peopleoversixty-five,andpeoplealreadysufferingfromanotherdisease,suchasheartproblems.Abouthalfofallflupatientshaveahighbodytemperaturecalledafever.Fluisverycontagious.Onepersoncatchestheflufromanotherperson.Itdoesn'tbegininsidethebodyasheartdiseasedoes.
Prevention&TreatmentforDiseases
Sometimesmedicinecanrelievethesymptoms.Thatis,itcanmakeapersoncoughless,makeheadacheslessintense,andstopnosesfromrunningforawhile.However,medicinecan'talwayscurethedisease.Sofar,thereisnocureformanydiseasesandnomedicinetopreventthem.Peoplehavetotrytopreventtheminotherways.
Somediseasescanbepreventedbyvaccination(接種疫苗).Aliquidvaccineisinjectedintothearmortakenbymouthandthepersonissafefromc
A.YB.NC.NG
12.
Takinginterestsintoaccount,itisillogicalthatfree-tradersgivebribestoprotectionistvia______.
13.
ThewithdrawingofVioxxonlyledtosomeaccusationsaboutsomeotherpainrelievers.
A.YB.NC.NG
14.
Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.
A.YB.NC.NG
15.
Therearefewgovernmentswhoarepreparedtoargueagainsttheideaofsustainabledevelopment.
A.YB.NC.NG
16.ThegapbetweenLatinosandothergroupssuggeststhat______.
A.Latinosaremostunlikelytobeinsured
B.notmerelyeconomicforcesareworking
C.insuranceisseldomavailabletothepoor
D.economicforcesaloneinfluenceinsurance
17.Thegreatnumberofpatientsvisitingthecomplementary-medicinecenteratNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgeryreflects______intheUS.
18.IsStressMakingYouFat?
TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble
Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.
Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.
Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮質醇)andinsulin(胰島素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefar,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.
Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeel-goodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.
Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷爾蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,badfor-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.
MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor
Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.
Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.
Greenteacontainscatechins(兒茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.
SleepYourselfSlim
Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.
Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.
Variety:TheSpiceofLife?
Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.
Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike—saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andha
A.YB.NC.NG
19.MoreandmoreJapaneseshopkeepersencourageusingelectroniccashby______
20.Somepeoplehavetheage-olddesiretoputthejokeonothers.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(26)
A.It'sfarfromwhereshelives.
B.Herfamilywenttherewithouther.
C.Shedoesn'tknowalotaboutit.
D.She'sexcitedaboutgoingthere.
22.聽力原文:W:Idon'tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy.
M:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostofrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwouldn'tbesurprisedifyouchangedyourmind.
Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanwilldo?
(16)
A.Askforareductioninherrent.
B.Moveintoanapartmentwitharoommate.
C.Stayinthedormitory.
D.Findoutthecostoflivinginthedormitory.
23.(28)
A.Becausenationalsareextremelystrictinchoosingjournalists.
B.Becausenationalshavealreadyemployedmanyjournalists.
C.Becausenationalspaylittlesalary.
D.Becausenationalsseldomrecruitinexperiencedemployee.
24.(43)
25.(45)
26.(46)
27.(17)
A.Theyhadbetterfinishtheprojectassoonaspossible.
B.Theyhadbettertrytheirlucktofinishtheproject,
C.Theyaresoluckytohavetheprojectbeingputoff.
D.Theyhadbetterhavearisktoextendtheproject.
28.聽力原文:M:Parisissucharomanticplace.IhopeDadcantakeyoutheretospendyourweddinganniversary.
W:ThedayyourDadtakesmetoParisisthedaypigsfly.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
(13)
A.Parisisnotromanticenough.
B.They'dtaketheirpigstoParis.
C.TheywillgotoParisbyplane.
D.It'simpossiblethattheywillgotoParis.
29.聽力原文:M:Ididnotseeourbossyesterday.Hashecomeback?
W:HewasjustbackfromFranceaftervisitingBritain,Germany,andSpain.
Q:Whichcountrydidthebossvisitfirst?
(13)
A.France.B.BritainC.Germany.D.Spain.
30.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
聽力原文:W:I'dliketobookoneeconomy-classtickettoParisforthisSaturday,please.
M:Sorry,ma'am.Weareallbookedupforthisflight.WhataboutthenextflightonMonday?
Q:Whycan'tthewomantaketheSaturday'flight?
(12)
A.Itiscancelled.
B.Itisbookedup.
C.ThereisnoflighttoParisonSaturday.
D.ThereisonlyoneMondayflighttoParis.
31.(27)
A.Hisgeneralhealthwillbenefitgreatly.
B.Hewillbegintobreathemoreregularly.
C.Hewillloseweightreadily.
D.Hisflexibilitywilldecrease.
32.【B4】
33.(14)
A.Hethinkshecanputoffthejob.
B.Hethinkshecandoitsuccessfully.
C.Heisnotcertainifhecanaccomplishit.
D.Heisnotsureifhecandoitindependently.
34.(41)
35.(22)
A.50yearsold.B.51yearsold.C.15yearsold.D.Neverstop.
36.(21)
A.Itallowsthemtomeetstudentsfromotheruniversities.
B.Itpromotestheconceptofself-learning.
C.Itallowsmoreflexibilityinstudents'schedule.
D.Itdoesn'trequireanyexaminations.
37.(34)
A.Heshouldshowrespecttotheinterviewer.
B.Heshouldshowconfidenceinhimself.
C.Heshouldbedressedappropriately.
D.Heshouldspeakenthusiastically.
38.(33)
A.Neutral.B.Opposed.C.Approving.D.Supportive.
39.聽力原文:M:Ifoundthatoneofmyschoolmatesusesdrugs.HowcanIhelphim,Mom?
W:Stayawayfromhim,son.Neverthinkthatyoucantalkhimoutofthehabitifheisaddicted.Butperhapsyoucantalktoyourteacheraboutthematter.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicehersontodo?
(14)
A.Stopthinkingaboutthematter.
B.Talkthedruguseroutofthehabit.
C.Bemorefriendlytohisschoolmate.
D.Keephisdistancefromdrugaddicts.
40.(44)
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.
OnwhatbasisdoCaliforniacarmakersquestionthelawofcontrollingCO2emission?
A.Thestateassemblyhasnoauthoritytopassthelaw.
B.CO2isnotanairthatpollutestheair.
C.CO2isnotanairthatcausesglobalwarming.
D.TheCongresshasnotacceptedthelawyet.
42.
Thephrase"becalledfor"inthelastparagraphbutonemostprobablymeans______.
A.wasneeded
B.wasemployed
C.wastakenintoconsideration
D.wasdoneawaywith
43.
"Putallyoureggsinjustonebasket"inthelastparagraphcomesfromafamousidiomanditis"______".
44.
Accordingtothepassage,DepthXisverycompetentin______.
A.exploringinhostileenvironments
B.measuringcavesintheearth
C.workinginunderwaterplaces
D.searchingouterspacelife
45.
Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.
A.describetheharmfulairpollution
B.explainthewaytopreventairpollution
C.showtheworriesabouttheairpollution
D.recommendamethodtoavoidairpollution
46.Whenmillionsofrodsinoureyesareatworkindarkness,wecansee______.
47.
InMarch,beekeepersprepareformigrationatnightwhenthehivesare______andthebeesaregenerallytranquil.
48.
Theworddwarf(Line1,Para.4)means______.
A.causetoappearsmallerbycontrast
B.preventfromgrowingtofullsize
C.causetoappearlessimportantbycontrast
D.preventfromgrowinglarge
49.
WhydopeoplesayTwitterwasthebestoption?
A.Becausethecomputerwasdifficulttogetatthelocationoftheprotest.
B.Becausetheydidn'thavethepasswordtoaccesstothecomputeronthespot.
C.BecausepeopleusingTwitterwillbringfoodandsuppliestothem.
D.BecauseTwitterisanessentialpartintheorganization.
50.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn'tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope'sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(擾亂)Europeans'privatelives.
Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-style.capitalism.Raisedinanearofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stechsavvy(精通技術的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.
Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestyle.choice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.
Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork."Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult."Onlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled"TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming",thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid—giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."
MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause______.
A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism
B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage
C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability
D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture
51.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Theethical(倫理的)behavior.inindustrializedcountrieshasbeenputunderpressure.DuringthelastyearinNorwaywehaveseencaseswherelargefoodcompaniespaydistributorstokeepawaycompetitorsandsupplierspayingpersonalbenefitstomanagersofshopstogetownproductsbetterpromotedandpositionedintheshops.Theareaswheretheethicsdoesnotmanagetosetfairlimits,thelawmakersgetunderpressuretogivenewlawstocopewiththeunfairbehavior.
Theexamplesmentionedhavebeengivengoodcoverageinthemedia.However,anotherareawithquiteanotherdimensioniscontinuouslyrunningwithoutlargereportsinthemedia.InthisareaoneindividualiskilledunnecessarilynearlyeverythirddayalltheyearroundinNorway.Thecoveragemaybeapictureinthelocalnewspaper.Isthisduetounethicalbehavior.ormaybeduetothelackofactionbytherealresponsiblebodythatthiskillingisgoingonandon,yearafteryear?Arethekillingsonourroadsjustaccidentswehavetoacceptduetothedriversownactions?
WhatcouldbedoneiftheresponsiblebodyinrealitywantedtoimprovethesafetyonNorwegianroads?Maybethepossibleactionsasfollowsarehelpful.
Alarge-scaleprofessionalcampaignisneededfortrafficsafetyontheroads.Thecampaignwouldhavetobeperformedbyhighlyprofessionalpromotivecompaniesthroughallnormalcanalsaspapers,radio,TV,etc.Also,wewillestablishacampaignpersonRusken."Rusken"hasallthebadattitudesrelatedtoroadsafety.Nooneshouldwanttobea"Rusken".Thechildrenorwife/husbandinthecarshouldnotwanttohavea"Rusken'driver.Thesafesmoothdrivingshouldbetheaimforeverybodyontheroad.
Anannualcompetitioncouldbeintroducedandconnectedwithan"Oscar"prizeforthecarmodelhavingleastinjured.Paralleltothisanegative"Oscar"couldbegiventothecarmodelhavingrelativelythehighestnumberofinjuriesduringthelastyear.Clearcriteriaforbestandworsthavetobeestablishedinadvance.TheinjurystatisticsrelatedtocarmodelscouldbemadeopenavailableonInternet.
Inadditiontocarmodels,themedia,thejournalistandthepromotiveagencyhavinggiventhebestattitudetowardssafedrivingduringthelastyearshouldgettheir"Oscar"aswell.Theworstinrelationtoroadsafetycouldgetanegative"Oscar".Ihetrafficisnotdone,themainresponsibilityforthisislyingwithintheParliamentandtheDepartmentofTransport.Themediamayhelptoputtheagendaonthetable.Themedia,however,ispartlypaidbytheadvertisementsfromthecarindustry.Thisillustratesthegeneralethicalproblembetweenmoneyandothervaluesinthesociety.
Theethicalbehavior.refersto______.
A.theindustrializedcountries'policy
B.thelawinNorway
C.thefaircompetitionincommerce
D.themanagersoffoodfactories
52.
TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.
A.triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystem
B.happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheel
C.highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystem
D.causedresearchers'concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem
53.
【C6】
54.
Thewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistosaythat______.
A.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman'slife
B.scienceisfarfromperfectinexplorationoftheworld
C.sciencehasreacheditsclimaxinmanyfields
D.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings
55.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingaboutalessrestrictiveconceptthanthatimpliedineverydayspeech.Insocialscience,cultureisallthatinhumansocietywhichissociallyratherthanbiologicallytransmitted,whereasthecommonsenseusagetendsto【C1】______onlytothearts.Cultureisthusageneraltermforthesymbolicandlearnedaspectsofhumansociety,althoughsomeanimalbehaviouristsnow【C2】______thatcertainprimates(靈長類動物)haveatleastthecapacityforculture.
Socialanthropologicalideasofculturearebasedtoagreat【C3】______onthedefinitiongivenbyEdwardTylorin1871,inwhichhereferredtoalearnedcomplexofknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,andcustom.Thisdefinitionimpliesthatcultureandcivilizationareoneandthesame.Butthisequation,althoughpossibleinEnglishandFrenchusage,runs【C4】______totheGermandistinctionbetweenKulturandZivilisation,theformerreferringtosymbolsandvalues,whilethelatterdealswiththeorganizationofsociety.Archaeologicalusage,though【C5】______thewholenessofhumansocieties,makesadistinctionbetweenmaterialcultureandpracticesandbeliefs,thenon-materialoradaptiveculturetransmittedbyteachingandtradition.Onlymaterialcultureis【C6】______toarchaeology,whereasadaptivecultureisthesubjectofhistory,sociology,andanthropology.
Fornineteenthcenturyanthropologists,suchasTylorandLewisHenryMorgan,culturewasaconsciouscreationofhumanrationality.Civilizationandculture,inthisconception,showedaprogressivetendencytowardswhatwereregardedashighermoralvalues,andthisenabledtheVictorianmindtoconstructa【C7】______ofculturesorcivilizationswhichprovidedarationaleforcolonialactivitiesbyapparentlyhigher-orderWesterncivilizations.
InAmerica,itissometimesarguedthattheconceptofculturecanprovidewaysofexplainingandunderstandinghumanbehaviour,beliefsystems,values,and【C8】______,aswellasparticularculturallyspecificpersonalitytypes.
Inculturalanthropology,analysisofculturemayproceedatthreelevels:learnedpatternsofbehaviour;aspectsofculturethatactbelowconsciouslevels(suchasthedeeplevelofgrammarand【C9】______inlanguage,ofwhichanativelanguagespeakerisseldomaware);andpatternsofthoughtand【C10】______,whicharealsoculturallydetermined.
A.ideologiesI.extent
B.perceptionJ.counter
C.hierarchyK.dissipate
D.junkL.acknowledging
E.grandeurM.teeming
F.pointN.accessible
G.syntaxO.assert
H.forfeit
【C1】
56.WhatdowelearnaboutstudentsinNewYorkCityfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Studentshavetotakestateexamswhichareauthoritativeyardstick.
B.Studentsincharterschoolsknowverywellabouthowtowinalottery.
C.Studentswhoperform.worseonstateexamshavenoaccesstocharterschools.
D.Studentsincharterschoolsaresuperiortoothersintheaspectofstateexams.
57.
Feverscause______.
A.prostaglandinstobeformed
B.irontobemadeavailabletobacteria
C.leukocytestobemoremobile
D.lizardstobecold-bloodedanimals
58.(61)
59.
Whatconclusioncanwegetfromthepassage?
A.WhatDrRobertsfoundisabigbeattoperfumeindustry.
B.Whatmakesadifferenceisthatscentmakeswearersmoreconfident.
C.Lynxisreallyeffectiveinmakingmenlookcharming.
D.Womenareattractedbythesmelltheya
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