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2022年山西省呂梁市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

ThementionoftheextinctionoftheUSautoindustryisusedtoshow

A.Extinctionisveryimportanttoallthehumanbeings

B.Allthespecieslivedinthepasthavediedofftoday

C.Evolutionwillinevitablycausespeciestodisappear

D.Thelossofafewspeciesamongmillionsaffectsnothing

2.

Besidestheproblemsofthesmallsizeandshortdurationofthestudy,Gersten'sresearchalsolacks______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,onehealthbenefitsofwalkingisthat______.

A.yourbonedensitywillbedecreased

B.youwillloseweightinaneasyandquickway

C.youwillenjoybetterheartcondition

D.youwillhavestrongerupperbodymuscles

4.

Vegawasverycarefulinpickingoutthereal-worldmaroonblouse,blackcardiganandwhitetennisshoesforheravatartowear.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Modernofficeworkersarejustlikefighterpilotsinthatbothneedtomonitordataofgreatcomplexity.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

ThecompetitivequalitywithinRichardNixonwasfirstshowninhisearlyexperienceswith______.

7.

Stockinvestmentsarebettertoearlyretireesthanothercommonretirementinvestmentsinthatwhencashedin.theyrequireonly______.

8.

Theplantswouldbeinsectresistantasagenefromthesoilbacteriumcoulddirectcellstoproduce______thatistoxictocertaininsects.

9.

Bipolardisorderhasfourtypesbecause______showupdifferentlyindifferentpeople.

10.Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

11.HealthCareandEpidemics

Everyonesuffersfromdiseaseatsometimeoranother.However,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodhealthcare.Sometimestheyhavenomoneytopayformedicaltreatment.Sometimestheyhavemoney,butthereisnodoctor.Sometimesthedoctordoesnotknowhowtotreatthedisease,andsometimesthereisnotreatment.Somepeopleareafraidofdoctors.Whentheseconditionsarepresentinlargepopulationcenters,epidemicscanstart.

EpidemicsChangeHistory

Explorationsandwarscausedifferentgroupsofpeopletocomeintocontactwithother.Theycarrystrangediseasetoeachother.Forexample,whentheEuropeansfirstcametoNorthandSouthAmerica,theybroughtdiseaseswiththemthatkilledabout95percentoftheNativeAmericanpopulation.

People'sFear

Peopleareveryafraidofunknownthings,especiallydiseases.Peoplehaveallkindsofideasabouthowtopreventandtreatdisease.Somepeoplethinkthatifyoueatlotsofonionsorgarlic,youwon'tgetsick.Otherssayyoushouldtakehugeamountsofvitamins.Scientificexperimentshavenotprovedmostofthesetheories.However,peoplestillspendmillionsofdollarsonvitaminsandotherprobablyuselesstreatmentsorpreventatives.Somepeoplewantantibiotics(抗生素)whenevertheygetsick.Someantibioticsareveryexpensive.Muchofthismoneyiswastedbecausesomediseasesarecausedbyavirus.Virusesareevensmallerthanbacteria,andtheycausedifferentkindsofdiseases.Antibioticsareuselessagainstviruses.

Becauseoftheirfear,peoplecanbecrueltovictimsofdisease.Sometimestheyfirethemfromtheirjobs,throwthemoutoftheirapartments,andrefusethemtransportationservices.Intheplague(瘟疫)epidemicsafewhundredyearsago,peoplesimplycoveredthedoorsandwindowsofthevictim'shousesandleftthemtodieinside,allinanefforttoprotectthemselvesfromgettingsick.

TheWaysEpidemicDiseasesSpread

Doctorsknowhowmostepidemicdiseasesspread.Some,liketuberculosis,arespreadwhenpeople'ssneezesendsthebacteriashootingoutintotheair.Thentheyenterthemouthornoseofanyonenearby.

Othersarespreadthroughhumancontact,suchasonthebands.Whenyouaresickandblowyournose,yougetvirusesorbacteriaonyourhands.Thenyoutouchanotherperson'shand,andwhenthatpersontoucheshisorhermouth,nose,oreyes,thediseaseentersthebody.Somediseasesspreadwhenpeopletouchthesamedishes,towels,andfurniture.Youcanpickupadiseasewhenyoutouchthingsinpublicbuildings.Otherdiseasesarespreadthroughinsectssuchasflies,mosquitoes,andticks.

Onediseasethatcausesfrequent,worldwideepidemicsisinfluenza,orfluforshort.Thesymptomsofinfluenzaincludeheadacheandsometimesarunnynose.Somevictimsgetsicktotheirstomachs.Thesesymptomsaresimilartosymptomsofother,milderdiseases.Influenzacanbeamuchmoreseriousdisease,especiallyforpregnantwomen,peopleoversixty-five,andpeoplealreadysufferingfromanotherdisease,suchasheartproblems.Abouthalfofallflupatientshaveahighbodytemperaturecalledafever.Fluisverycontagious.Onepersoncatchestheflufromanotherperson.Itdoesn'tbegininsidethebodyasheartdiseasedoes.

Prevention&TreatmentforDiseases

Sometimesmedicinecanrelievethesymptoms.Thatis,itcanmakeapersoncoughless,makeheadacheslessintense,andstopnosesfromrunningforawhile.However,medicinecan'talwayscurethedisease.Sofar,thereisnocureformanydiseasesandnomedicinetopreventthem.Peoplehavetotrytopreventtheminotherways.

Somediseasescanbepreventedbyvaccination(接種疫苗).Aliquidvaccineisinjectedintothearmortakenbymouthandthepersonissafefromc

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Takinginterestsintoaccount,itisillogicalthatfree-tradersgivebribestoprotectionistvia______.

13.

ThewithdrawingofVioxxonlyledtosomeaccusationsaboutsomeotherpainrelievers.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Therearefewgovernmentswhoarepreparedtoargueagainsttheideaofsustainabledevelopment.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.ThegapbetweenLatinosandothergroupssuggeststhat______.

A.Latinosaremostunlikelytobeinsured

B.notmerelyeconomicforcesareworking

C.insuranceisseldomavailabletothepoor

D.economicforcesaloneinfluenceinsurance

17.Thegreatnumberofpatientsvisitingthecomplementary-medicinecenteratNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgeryreflects______intheUS.

18.IsStressMakingYouFat?

TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble

Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.

Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.

Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮質醇)andinsulin(胰島素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefar,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.

Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeel-goodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.

Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷爾蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,badfor-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.

MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor

Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.

Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.

Greenteacontainscatechins(兒茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.

SleepYourselfSlim

Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.

Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.

Variety:TheSpiceofLife?

Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.

Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike—saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andha

A.YB.NC.NG

19.MoreandmoreJapaneseshopkeepersencourageusingelectroniccashby______

20.Somepeoplehavetheage-olddesiretoputthejokeonothers.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(26)

A.It'sfarfromwhereshelives.

B.Herfamilywenttherewithouther.

C.Shedoesn'tknowalotaboutit.

D.She'sexcitedaboutgoingthere.

22.聽力原文:W:Idon'tthinkIwanttoliveinthedormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy.

M:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostofrentinganapartmentfirst.Iwouldn'tbesurprisedifyouchangedyourmind.

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanwilldo?

(16)

A.Askforareductioninherrent.

B.Moveintoanapartmentwitharoommate.

C.Stayinthedormitory.

D.Findoutthecostoflivinginthedormitory.

23.(28)

A.Becausenationalsareextremelystrictinchoosingjournalists.

B.Becausenationalshavealreadyemployedmanyjournalists.

C.Becausenationalspaylittlesalary.

D.Becausenationalsseldomrecruitinexperiencedemployee.

24.(43)

25.(45)

26.(46)

27.(17)

A.Theyhadbetterfinishtheprojectassoonaspossible.

B.Theyhadbettertrytheirlucktofinishtheproject,

C.Theyaresoluckytohavetheprojectbeingputoff.

D.Theyhadbetterhavearisktoextendtheproject.

28.聽力原文:M:Parisissucharomanticplace.IhopeDadcantakeyoutheretospendyourweddinganniversary.

W:ThedayyourDadtakesmetoParisisthedaypigsfly.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Parisisnotromanticenough.

B.They'dtaketheirpigstoParis.

C.TheywillgotoParisbyplane.

D.It'simpossiblethattheywillgotoParis.

29.聽力原文:M:Ididnotseeourbossyesterday.Hashecomeback?

W:HewasjustbackfromFranceaftervisitingBritain,Germany,andSpain.

Q:Whichcountrydidthebossvisitfirst?

(13)

A.France.B.BritainC.Germany.D.Spain.

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文:W:I'dliketobookoneeconomy-classtickettoParisforthisSaturday,please.

M:Sorry,ma'am.Weareallbookedupforthisflight.WhataboutthenextflightonMonday?

Q:Whycan'tthewomantaketheSaturday'flight?

(12)

A.Itiscancelled.

B.Itisbookedup.

C.ThereisnoflighttoParisonSaturday.

D.ThereisonlyoneMondayflighttoParis.

31.(27)

A.Hisgeneralhealthwillbenefitgreatly.

B.Hewillbegintobreathemoreregularly.

C.Hewillloseweightreadily.

D.Hisflexibilitywilldecrease.

32.【B4】

33.(14)

A.Hethinkshecanputoffthejob.

B.Hethinkshecandoitsuccessfully.

C.Heisnotcertainifhecanaccomplishit.

D.Heisnotsureifhecandoitindependently.

34.(41)

35.(22)

A.50yearsold.B.51yearsold.C.15yearsold.D.Neverstop.

36.(21)

A.Itallowsthemtomeetstudentsfromotheruniversities.

B.Itpromotestheconceptofself-learning.

C.Itallowsmoreflexibilityinstudents'schedule.

D.Itdoesn'trequireanyexaminations.

37.(34)

A.Heshouldshowrespecttotheinterviewer.

B.Heshouldshowconfidenceinhimself.

C.Heshouldbedressedappropriately.

D.Heshouldspeakenthusiastically.

38.(33)

A.Neutral.B.Opposed.C.Approving.D.Supportive.

39.聽力原文:M:Ifoundthatoneofmyschoolmatesusesdrugs.HowcanIhelphim,Mom?

W:Stayawayfromhim,son.Neverthinkthatyoucantalkhimoutofthehabitifheisaddicted.Butperhapsyoucantalktoyourteacheraboutthematter.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicehersontodo?

(14)

A.Stopthinkingaboutthematter.

B.Talkthedruguseroutofthehabit.

C.Bemorefriendlytohisschoolmate.

D.Keephisdistancefromdrugaddicts.

40.(44)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

OnwhatbasisdoCaliforniacarmakersquestionthelawofcontrollingCO2emission?

A.Thestateassemblyhasnoauthoritytopassthelaw.

B.CO2isnotanairthatpollutestheair.

C.CO2isnotanairthatcausesglobalwarming.

D.TheCongresshasnotacceptedthelawyet.

42.

Thephrase"becalledfor"inthelastparagraphbutonemostprobablymeans______.

A.wasneeded

B.wasemployed

C.wastakenintoconsideration

D.wasdoneawaywith

43.

"Putallyoureggsinjustonebasket"inthelastparagraphcomesfromafamousidiomanditis"______".

44.

Accordingtothepassage,DepthXisverycompetentin______.

A.exploringinhostileenvironments

B.measuringcavesintheearth

C.workinginunderwaterplaces

D.searchingouterspacelife

45.

Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.

A.describetheharmfulairpollution

B.explainthewaytopreventairpollution

C.showtheworriesabouttheairpollution

D.recommendamethodtoavoidairpollution

46.Whenmillionsofrodsinoureyesareatworkindarkness,wecansee______.

47.

InMarch,beekeepersprepareformigrationatnightwhenthehivesare______andthebeesaregenerallytranquil.

48.

Theworddwarf(Line1,Para.4)means______.

A.causetoappearsmallerbycontrast

B.preventfromgrowingtofullsize

C.causetoappearlessimportantbycontrast

D.preventfromgrowinglarge

49.

WhydopeoplesayTwitterwasthebestoption?

A.Becausethecomputerwasdifficulttogetatthelocationoftheprotest.

B.Becausetheydidn'thavethepasswordtoaccesstothecomputeronthespot.

C.BecausepeopleusingTwitterwillbringfoodandsuppliestothem.

D.BecauseTwitterisanessentialpartintheorganization.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn'tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope'sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon(擾亂)Europeans'privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-style.capitalism.Raisedinanearofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stechsavvy(精通技術的)workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestyle.choice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork."Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult."Onlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled"TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming",thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid—giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."

MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause______.

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Theethical(倫理的)behavior.inindustrializedcountrieshasbeenputunderpressure.DuringthelastyearinNorwaywehaveseencaseswherelargefoodcompaniespaydistributorstokeepawaycompetitorsandsupplierspayingpersonalbenefitstomanagersofshopstogetownproductsbetterpromotedandpositionedintheshops.Theareaswheretheethicsdoesnotmanagetosetfairlimits,thelawmakersgetunderpressuretogivenewlawstocopewiththeunfairbehavior.

Theexamplesmentionedhavebeengivengoodcoverageinthemedia.However,anotherareawithquiteanotherdimensioniscontinuouslyrunningwithoutlargereportsinthemedia.InthisareaoneindividualiskilledunnecessarilynearlyeverythirddayalltheyearroundinNorway.Thecoveragemaybeapictureinthelocalnewspaper.Isthisduetounethicalbehavior.ormaybeduetothelackofactionbytherealresponsiblebodythatthiskillingisgoingonandon,yearafteryear?Arethekillingsonourroadsjustaccidentswehavetoacceptduetothedriversownactions?

WhatcouldbedoneiftheresponsiblebodyinrealitywantedtoimprovethesafetyonNorwegianroads?Maybethepossibleactionsasfollowsarehelpful.

Alarge-scaleprofessionalcampaignisneededfortrafficsafetyontheroads.Thecampaignwouldhavetobeperformedbyhighlyprofessionalpromotivecompaniesthroughallnormalcanalsaspapers,radio,TV,etc.Also,wewillestablishacampaignpersonRusken."Rusken"hasallthebadattitudesrelatedtoroadsafety.Nooneshouldwanttobea"Rusken".Thechildrenorwife/husbandinthecarshouldnotwanttohavea"Rusken'driver.Thesafesmoothdrivingshouldbetheaimforeverybodyontheroad.

Anannualcompetitioncouldbeintroducedandconnectedwithan"Oscar"prizeforthecarmodelhavingleastinjured.Paralleltothisanegative"Oscar"couldbegiventothecarmodelhavingrelativelythehighestnumberofinjuriesduringthelastyear.Clearcriteriaforbestandworsthavetobeestablishedinadvance.TheinjurystatisticsrelatedtocarmodelscouldbemadeopenavailableonInternet.

Inadditiontocarmodels,themedia,thejournalistandthepromotiveagencyhavinggiventhebestattitudetowardssafedrivingduringthelastyearshouldgettheir"Oscar"aswell.Theworstinrelationtoroadsafetycouldgetanegative"Oscar".Ihetrafficisnotdone,themainresponsibilityforthisislyingwithintheParliamentandtheDepartmentofTransport.Themediamayhelptoputtheagendaonthetable.Themedia,however,ispartlypaidbytheadvertisementsfromthecarindustry.Thisillustratesthegeneralethicalproblembetweenmoneyandothervaluesinthesociety.

Theethicalbehavior.refersto______.

A.theindustrializedcountries'policy

B.thelawinNorway

C.thefaircompetitionincommerce

D.themanagersoffoodfactories

52.

TheauthormayagreethattheSelbycrash______.

A.triggeredthedevelopmentoftheawakesystem

B.happenedbecausethetraindriverdriftedoffatthewheel

C.highlightedtheadvantagesofinstallingtheawakesystem

D.causedresearchers'concernaboutthepracticalityoftheawakesystem

53.

【C6】

54.

Thewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistosaythat______.

A.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman'slife

B.scienceisfarfromperfectinexplorationoftheworld

C.sciencehasreacheditsclimaxinmanyfields

D.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings

55.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Whensocialscientistsusethetermculturetheytendtobetalkingaboutalessrestrictiveconceptthanthatimpliedineverydayspeech.Insocialscience,cultureisallthatinhumansocietywhichissociallyratherthanbiologicallytransmitted,whereasthecommonsenseusagetendsto【C1】______onlytothearts.Cultureisthusageneraltermforthesymbolicandlearnedaspectsofhumansociety,althoughsomeanimalbehaviouristsnow【C2】______thatcertainprimates(靈長類動物)haveatleastthecapacityforculture.

Socialanthropologicalideasofculturearebasedtoagreat【C3】______onthedefinitiongivenbyEdwardTylorin1871,inwhichhereferredtoalearnedcomplexofknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,andcustom.Thisdefinitionimpliesthatcultureandcivilizationareoneandthesame.Butthisequation,althoughpossibleinEnglishandFrenchusage,runs【C4】______totheGermandistinctionbetweenKulturandZivilisation,theformerreferringtosymbolsandvalues,whilethelatterdealswiththeorganizationofsociety.Archaeologicalusage,though【C5】______thewholenessofhumansocieties,makesadistinctionbetweenmaterialcultureandpracticesandbeliefs,thenon-materialoradaptiveculturetransmittedbyteachingandtradition.Onlymaterialcultureis【C6】______toarchaeology,whereasadaptivecultureisthesubjectofhistory,sociology,andanthropology.

Fornineteenthcenturyanthropologists,suchasTylorandLewisHenryMorgan,culturewasaconsciouscreationofhumanrationality.Civilizationandculture,inthisconception,showedaprogressivetendencytowardswhatwereregardedashighermoralvalues,andthisenabledtheVictorianmindtoconstructa【C7】______ofculturesorcivilizationswhichprovidedarationaleforcolonialactivitiesbyapparentlyhigher-orderWesterncivilizations.

InAmerica,itissometimesarguedthattheconceptofculturecanprovidewaysofexplainingandunderstandinghumanbehaviour,beliefsystems,values,and【C8】______,aswellasparticularculturallyspecificpersonalitytypes.

Inculturalanthropology,analysisofculturemayproceedatthreelevels:learnedpatternsofbehaviour;aspectsofculturethatactbelowconsciouslevels(suchasthedeeplevelofgrammarand【C9】______inlanguage,ofwhichanativelanguagespeakerisseldomaware);andpatternsofthoughtand【C10】______,whicharealsoculturallydetermined.

A.ideologiesI.extent

B.perceptionJ.counter

C.hierarchyK.dissipate

D.junkL.acknowledging

E.grandeurM.teeming

F.pointN.accessible

G.syntaxO.assert

H.forfeit

【C1】

56.WhatdowelearnaboutstudentsinNewYorkCityfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Studentshavetotakestateexamswhichareauthoritativeyardstick.

B.Studentsincharterschoolsknowverywellabouthowtowinalottery.

C.Studentswhoperform.worseonstateexamshavenoaccesstocharterschools.

D.Studentsincharterschoolsaresuperiortoothersintheaspectofstateexams.

57.

Feverscause______.

A.prostaglandinstobeformed

B.irontobemadeavailabletobacteria

C.leukocytestobemoremobile

D.lizardstobecold-bloodedanimals

58.(61)

59.

Whatconclusioncanwegetfromthepassage?

A.WhatDrRobertsfoundisabigbeattoperfumeindustry.

B.Whatmakesadifferenceisthatscentmakeswearersmoreconfident.

C.Lynxisreallyeffectiveinmakingmenlookcharming.

D.Womenareattractedbythesmelltheya

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